江西龙南：“围屋之都”如何“出圈”玩转乡村振兴

Longnan, Jiangxi: How to "get out of the circle" to enjoy rural revitalization in the "capital of enclosures"

客家围屋看赣南，赣南围屋看龙南。一直以来，围屋都是龙南旅游的“重头戏”。

Hakka enclosures look at Gannan, and Gannan enclosures look at Longnan. The enclosure has always been the focus of Longnan tourism.

6月29日，“赣南苏区振兴发展十周年”媒体采访团走进“围屋之都”江西赣州龙南市。在杨村燕翼围客家文化体验区和渡江镇黄花湾共享村落两个采访点上，见证了龙南如何挖掘乡村文化资源，赋能乡村振兴。

On June 29, the media interview group of the "10th Anniversary of the Revitalization and Development of the Southern Jiangxi Soviet Area" walked into Longnan City, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, the "capital of enclosures". At the two interview points of Yanyiwei Hakka Cultural Experience Zone in Yangcun Village and Huanghuawan Shared Village in Dujiang Town, we witnessed how Longnan taps rural cultural resources and empowers rural revitalization.

在杨村燕翼围客家文化体验区，走在清幽的石板路上，一座颇有岁月的百年老围格外惹眼，它共有四层约14.3米高，高度为赣南围屋之冠，被上海大世界基尼斯评为“最高的客家围屋”，也是全国重点文物保护单位。徜徉在燕翼围景区，祠堂、老房子古色古香，小桥流水，岁月静好。走过悠长的巷道，能感受到百年古围的历史沧桑。

In the Yanyiwei Hakka cultural experience area of Yangcun, walking on the quiet stone road, a century-old wall is particularly eye-catching. It has four floors and a height of about 14.3 meters. It was rated as "the highest Hakka enclosure" by Guinness World, and it is also a national key cultural relic protection unit. Wandering in the Yanyiwei Scenic Area, the ancestral halls, old houses are quaint, the bridges are flowing, and the years are quiet. Walking through the long lanes, you can feel the historical vicissitudes of the century-old ancient wall.

一天前，即6月28日，龙南市第五届旅游文化节开幕。一台民俗情景歌舞剧《围屋新娘》在燕翼围围屋里上演，吸引了大批游客到此观览。

One day ago, on June 28, the 5th Longnan Tourism and Culture Festival opened. A folk scene song and dance drama "The Bride of the Enclosure" was staged in the enclosure of Yanyi, attracting a large number of tourists to watch.

6月29日上午，龙南市杨村镇党委书记赖伟胜告诉澎湃新闻（www.thepaper.cn)记者,这是燕翼围景区打造成形以来迎接的首批游客，“每座围屋都有一个故事和历史，我们想把这里的围屋一座一座抢救挖掘打造出来，带动老百姓致富，助推乡村振兴。”

On the morning of June 29, Lai Weisheng, Secretary of the Party Committee of Yangcun Town, Longnan City, told The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) that this is the first batch of tourists that Yanyiwei Scenic Spot has welcomed since its establishment, "Every enclosure has a story and a story. History, we want to rescue and excavate the enclosures here one by one, drive the people to become rich, and promote the revitalization of the countryside."

打造客家文化民宿集聚发展样板区

Create a model area for the development of Hakka cultural homestay clusters

龙南是江西“南大门”，东邻定南，南接广东和平、连平，西靠全南，北毗信丰。它历史悠久、人文荟萃，建县于南唐保大十一年（公元953年），是有千余年历史的客家古域，其境内分布着376座各具特色的围屋，占赣南客家围屋的70%以上。

Longnan is the "South Gate" of Jiangxi Province, adjacent to Dingnan in the east, Heping and Lianping in Guangdong in the south, Quannan in the west and Xinfeng in the north. It has a long history and a collection of humanities. It was established in the eleventh year of Baoda University in the Southern Tang Dynasty (AD 953). It is an ancient Hakka region with a history of more than a thousand years. There are 376 enclosures with different characteristics in its territory, accounting for the southern part of Jiangxi Province. More than 70% of Hakka enclosures.

“龙南有376座围屋，其中，杨村镇有围屋68座，燕翼围周围有大大小小围屋27座。”杨村镇党委书记赖伟胜介绍称。

"There are 376 enclosures in Longnan, of which there are 68 enclosures in Yangcun Town, and 27 large and small enclosures around Yanyiwei," said Lai Weisheng, Secretary of the Party Committee of Yangcun Town.

燕翼围位于龙南市杨村镇杨村村。公开资料显示，燕翼围始建于清顺治七年（1650年），清康熙十六年（1677年）竣工，系清初杨村富户赖福之及其长子赖从林倾两代之力建成。燕翼围高14.3米，长41.5米，宽31.8米，外墙厚1.5米，占地面积1367.58平方米。它是现存最高、墙体最厚、防御体系最为齐备的客家围屋。

Yanyiwei is located in Yangcun Village, Yangcun Town, Longnan City. According to public information, Yanyiwei was built in the seventh year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1650) and completed in the sixteenth year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1677). . The Yanyi enclosure is 14.3 meters high, 41.5 meters long, 31.8 meters wide, and the outer wall is 1.5 meters thick, covering an area of 1367.58 square meters. It is the highest existing Hakka enclosure with the thickest walls and the most complete defense system.

燕翼围为砖木结构的方形围，全围以大门和厅堂为中轴，每层对称建房34间，共136间房，对角四边有守阁炮楼，每层有枪眼，四周高墙是封闭建筑，只留一楼大门出入，过道有排污孔，内院、围外有水井，二、三层内设走马楼，便于生活起居，四楼建走马廊是为敌袭时能及时运输枪支弹药和物资。

The Yanyi enclosure is a square enclosure of brick and wood structure. The whole enclosure is centered on the gate and the hall. There are 34 symmetrically built houses on each floor, a total of 136 rooms. It is a closed building, only the gate on the first floor is left to enter and exit, there are sewage holes in the aisles, and there are wells in the inner courtyard and outside the enclosure. There are walking horse buildings on the second and third floors, which is convenient for living and living. The walking horse corridor on the fourth floor is for timely transportation during enemy attacks. Guns, ammunition and supplies.

赖伟胜进一步介绍称，杨村镇下辖16个行政村，燕翼围所在的杨村村，是该镇最大的一个村，有人口一万多，主要是以燕翼围为中心，聚集在这周边。以前燕翼围周边道路泥泞，周遭村居环境也比较差，养在深闺不被人关注，更别谈旅游开发了。

Lai Weisheng further introduced that there are 16 administrative villages under the jurisdiction of Yangcun Town. Yangcun Village, where Yanyiwei is located, is the largest village in the town with a population of more than 10,000. . In the past, the roads around Yanyiwei were muddy, and the surrounding village environment was relatively poor. Raising in a boudoir would not attract people's attention, let alone tourism development.

现年78岁的赖余潼自出生起就一直生活在燕翼围。他告诉澎湃新闻记者，原来住在燕翼围的居民有26户，现在只剩下4户了，都是老年人。

Lai Yutong, 78, has been living in Yanyiwei since he was born. He told the surging news reporter that there were 26 residents living in Yanyiwei, and now there are only 4 households left, all of which are elderly.

与赖余潼一样的老住户还有56岁的赖贵英。她也从小就生活在这里，如今5个孩子都已长大成人成家立业，陆续离开了燕翼围。“这里冬暖夏凉，一辈子都生活在这里，都习惯了，所以不会离开。”赖贵英称。

The same old resident as Lai Yutong also has 56-year-old Lai Guiying. She has also lived here since she was a child, and now her five children have grown up and started a family and left Yanyiwei one after another. "It's warm in winter and cool in summer. I've lived here all my life, I'm used to it, so I won't leave." Lai Guiying said.

“从去年谋划（旅游开发）这件事到现在打造基本成形只用了8个月的时间，我们打造了一条古街，一口古塘，还有把古巷等串联起来形成了客家文化体验式景区。”赖伟胜告诉澎湃新闻。

"It has only taken 8 months since we planned (tourism development) last year to basically take shape. We built an ancient street, an ancient pond, and connected ancient alleys to form a Hakka cultural experience. Scenic spot." Lai Weisheng told The Paper.

谈及打造背景时，赖伟胜提到，杨村的客家文化是保存最完好的，也是底蕴最深的。

When talking about the construction background, Lai Weisheng mentioned that the Hakka culture in Yangcun is the best preserved and has the deepest heritage.

“我们这里跟广东交界，是江西的“南大门第一镇”，我们这边的游客很多都是来自于广东，他们都是奔着围屋建筑而来，对客家文化不是很了解，到了围屋后才发现还有很多客家文化，客家的美食、米酒、习俗都不一样的。”赖伟胜受访时称。

"We are at the junction with Guangdong, which is the "South Gate No. 1 Town" in Jiangxi. Many tourists here are from Guangdong. They all come to the enclosure buildings, and they don't know much about Hakka culture. It was only after the house that I discovered that there is still a lot of Hakka culture, and the Hakka food, rice wine, and customs are different." Lai Weisheng said in an interview.

“燕翼围景区是按照4A级标准景区打造的，第一期已经投入了4000万资金，把燕翼围打造出来了，下一步准备向上面争取1亿元资金，把其他27座围屋打造开发出来。”赖伟胜谈到未来规划时说，“到时候杨村村的老百姓都会参与其中，政府把这些业态打造出来了，30%是我们跟设计施工方一起自营，30%对外招商，30%让老百姓参与进来共同来打造。”

"The Yanyiwei Scenic Spot is built in accordance with the 4A-level standard scenic spot. The first phase has invested 40 million yuan to build the Yanyiwei, and the next step is to fight for 100 million yuan to build the other 27 enclosures. It will be developed.” Lai Weisheng said when talking about future planning, “At that time, the people of Yangcun Village will participate in it. The government has created these formats, 30% of which will be operated by us together with the design and construction party, 30% of foreign investment, 30% % Let the common people participate and build it together.”

在燕翼围住了一辈子的赖余潼对村里搞旅游充满了期待。“景区还没有完全竣工，还在搞外围，我们对村里搞旅游是支持的，希望政府早一点搞好来，搞好后我们的收入可能也会增加一些。”赖余潼说道。

Lai Yutong, who has been surrounded by Yanyi for a lifetime, is full of expectations for tourism in the village. "The scenic spot has not been fully completed, and we are still working on the periphery. We support tourism in the village. We hope the government will do it sooner, and our income may increase a little after it is done." Lai Yutong said.

像赖余潼、赖贵英这样在燕翼围住了一辈子的老村民，如今更有意义的是，他们生活的烟火气成为了燕翼围里的一道独特风景。

For old villagers like Lai Yutong and Lai Guiying who have been surrounded by Yanyi for a lifetime, it is more meaningful now that the fireworks they live in have become a unique scenery in Yanyi.

为了让游客“来了之后能留下来”，杨村镇以燕翼围及周边27座围屋为依托，通过实施立面改造、古建修缮、丰富业态、设施提升、文化提炼等内容，打造客家文化浓厚的民宿集聚发展样板区。在杨村镇党委书记赖伟胜心里，“文化是旅游的灵魂”。他认为，通过深挖客家文化的丰富内涵，一定能走出一条乡村振兴的新路径。

In order to allow tourists to "stay after they come", Yangcun Town, relying on Yanyiwei and the surrounding 27 enclosed houses, has built a Hakka town through the implementation of facade renovation, repair of ancient buildings, enrichment of business formats, improvement of facilities, and cultural refinement. A model area for the agglomeration and development of homestays with strong culture. In the heart of Lai Weisheng, Secretary of the Party Committee of Yangcun Town, "Culture is the soul of tourism". He believes that by digging into the rich connotation of Hakka culture, a new path for rural revitalization will surely be found.

共享村落激活乡村振兴新动能

Shared villages activate the new momentum of rural revitalization

龙南市渡江镇黄花湾的特色不是围屋，而是探索了一条共享理念之下的乡村振兴之路。

The characteristic of Huanghua Bay in Dujiang Town, Longnan City is not the enclosure, but the exploration of a road to rural revitalization under the concept of sharing.

黄花湾共享村落位于龙南市城郊西面的渡江镇莲塘村，位于大广高速复线渡江出口，距离龙南中心城区约5公里，与过境高速、国道和省道公路连接，道路交通便利，贯穿东西南北，与龙南市人口聚集的新老城区、工业园区近在咫尺。

The Huanghuawan Shared Village is located in Liantang Village, Dujiang Town, west of Longnan City. It is located at the Dujiang exit of the Daguang Expressway, about 5 kilometers away from the central city of Longnan. It is connected to the Transit Expressway, National Highway and Provincial Highway. From east to west, north to south, it is within easy reach of the old and new urban areas and industrial parks where the population of Longnan is concentrated.

渡江镇政府挂点黄花湾驻村干部钟荣庚告诉澎湃新闻记者，尽管黄花湾靠近县城，道路交通便利，但在一年前，它还是个破败没落、空心化的村庄。通过探索“乡村与城市共享、三产与一产共享、龙南与湾区共享”新路子，黄花湾摇身一变成了远近闻名的网红景点。

Zhong Ronggeng, a cadre in the Huanghuawan village of the Dujiang Township government, told The Paper that although Huanghuawan is close to the county seat and has convenient road traffic, a year ago, it was a dilapidated and hollowed out village. By exploring the new way of "sharing between villages and cities, sharing between the tertiary industry and the primary industry, and sharing between Longnan and the Bay Area", Huanghua Bay has become a well-known Internet celebrity attraction.

“凭借渡江镇地处“城市近郊、高速出口”的优势，依托莲塘村现代农业产业示范园，盘活黄花湾70栋村民闲置用房和72亩左右空地资源，采取“村民出租空房空地，政府打造景观环境，业态入驻自主经营”的模式，为创新产业、青年创业、乡村旅游、养老休闲等产业在乡村落地提供平台，赋予乡村发展新动力。”钟荣庚进一步详细介绍道。

"With the advantage of Dujiang Town being located in the suburbs of the city, high-speed exit, and relying on the modern agricultural industry demonstration park in Liantang Village, we will revitalize the 70 villagers' idle houses and about 72 mu of open space resources in Huanghuawan, and adopt the "village rental of empty space, the government Create a landscape environment, and the business format will be settled in the independent operation" model, providing a platform for innovative industries, youth entrepreneurship, rural tourism, elderly care and leisure and other industries to land in the countryside, giving new impetus to rural development." Zhong Ronggeng further introduced in detail.

据《经济》杂志2022年4月报道，渡江镇莲塘村黄花小组曾经是一个饱受水患侵袭的村庄，多年来，许多村民或搬迁，或外出务工，房子闲置，村庄空心，毫无生机。与之形成对应的是，莲塘村交通位置十分优越，距离大广高速龙南西出口只有咫尺之遥，而且离龙南市区也仅有10多分钟的车程。再加上村里油菜花美、竹林茂密，各种独具客家风格的屋舍错落有致，环境十分优美。去年6月，李树青来到渡江镇任党委书记，经过一个多月扎扎实实的调研发现，莲塘村如此好的资源禀赋浪费掉着实可惜，于是一个以“共享村落”引领乡村振兴的理念正式萌发，并在龙南市委、市政府的大力支持下，照进现实。

According to a report by Economic magazine in April 2022, the Huanghua Group in Liantang Village, Dujiang Town used to be a flood-stricken village. Over the years, many villagers have either relocated or went out to work, leaving their houses idle and the village hollow and lifeless. Correspondingly, Liantang Village has a very advantageous transportation location. It is only a short distance from the Longnan West Exit of Daguang Expressway, and it is only a 10-minute drive from Longnan City. Coupled with the beauty of rapeseed flowers and dense bamboo forests in the village, various unique Hakka-style houses are scattered and the environment is very beautiful. In June last year, Li Shuqing came to Dujiang Town as the secretary of the party committee. After more than a month of solid research, it was found that it was a pity that such a good resource endowment of Liantang Village was wasted, so the concept of leading rural revitalization with "shared villages" was officially launched. Germinated, and with the strong support of Longnan Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government, it came into reality.

“我们农村最大的资源是什么？就是土地、房屋，还有优质的农副产品。”李树青说。如何活化一座村庄，首先就是要将“最大资源”利用起来。为此，当地政府将莲塘村闲置的房子、土地流转过来，以此为支点打造“黄花湾共享村落”。

"What is the biggest resource in our countryside? It is land, houses, and high-quality agricultural and sideline products." Li Shuqing said. How to activate a village, the first thing is to make use of the "maximum resources. To this end, the local government transferred the idle houses and land in Liantang Village to build a "Huanghua Bay Shared Village" as a fulcrum ".

李树青认为，每个人的梦想里都有一个属于自己的桃花源，而黄花湾共享村落则是帮助人们实现“桃源梦”的平台，“不管是来生活，还是发展事业，打造业态，黄花湾都可以是大家一起建设、共同享有的平台。”他算了一笔账，流转过来的闲置房子，租金是每年每平方米3元，一次性支付15年；对外的租金是每平方米每年24元，两年就能回本。土地是每亩每年600元，租出去是每亩每年2000元，赚了两倍多。更为重要的是，这些原本闲置的农村资源，为各种经济业态的引入提供了容器。各种民宿、特色餐厅、个人工作室、直播基地等在这座曾经沉寂的乡村唱起了主角。

Li Shuqing believes that everyone's dream has a peach blossom garden of their own, and the Huanghuawan Shared Village is a platform to help people realize the "Peach Blossom Dream". It is a platform for everyone to build and share together." He calculated an account, and the rent for the idle houses that had been transferred was 3 yuan per square meter per year, with a one-time payment for 15 years; the external rent was 24 yuan per square meter per year, Payback in two years. The land is 600 yuan per mu per year, and the rent is 2,000 yuan per mu per year, which is more than double the profit. More importantly, these originally idle rural resources provide containers for the introduction of various economic formats. Various homestays, specialty restaurants, personal studios, and live broadcast bases have played the leading role in this once-quiet village.

上述报道还提到，黄花湾共享村落启动建设仅有短短一年的时间，政府投入只有600多万元，但取得的效果和起到的带动作用让李树青连说“没想到”。

The above report also mentioned that the construction of the Huanghuawan shared village has only been started in just one year, and the government invested only more than 600 million yuan, but the effect and leading role achieved made Li Shuqing say "unexpected".

每到节假日，这里游人如织，高峰时多达数万人，当地的农产品在游客和共享村落主播的带动下，也供不应求。各种业态入驻，让一二三产完美融合，经济发展已有聚变和裂变的态势。

Every holiday, there are tens of thousands of tourists here, and at peak times, local agricultural products are in short supply, driven by tourists and anchors of shared villages. Various formats have settled in, allowing the perfect integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries, and economic development has a trend of fusion and fission.

“客家梅子”非遗馆就是被黄花湾共享村落的政策吸引而来。

The "Hakka Plum" Intangible Heritage Museum was attracted by the policy of sharing villages in Huanghua Bay.

“我2021年回到共享村落，第一天看房子、第二天就签约了，我认定了会有更好的发展。”“客家梅子”非遗馆创办者余英梅说，如今，“客家梅子”以手工制作、沉浸体验等方式向游客展示客家非遗织带制品。

"I returned to the shared village in 2021. I saw the house on the first day and signed the contract on the second day. I decided that there would be better development." Yu Yingmei, founder of the "Hakka Plum" Intangible Heritage Museum, said that nowadays, "Hakka Plums" showcases Hakka intangible cultural heritage webbing products to tourists by hand-made and immersive experience.

“旅游不用去远方，家乡就是个好地方。”近年来，龙南市在大力发展全域旅游的过程中，深化探索农村宅基地改革，充分盘活农村闲置房屋资源，发掘农村产业发展潜力，助推乡村振兴全面发展。目前，龙南已成功打造渡江玫花渡和黄花湾、临塘芷溪谷等乡村振兴示范点，在今年五一期间接待游客均以万计。

"You don't have to travel far, your hometown is a good place." In recent years, in the process of vigorously developing all-for-one tourism, Longnan City has deepened the exploration of rural homestead reform, fully revitalized the rural idle housing resources, explored the development potential of rural industries, and boosted rural development. Revitalize all-round development. At present, Longnan has successfully built demonstration sites for rural revitalization such as Meihuadu Crossing the River, Huanghuawan, Lintang Zhixi Valley, etc., and received tens of thousands of tourists during this year's May Day.

除此之外，龙南市还抢抓赣深高铁开通机遇，主攻粤港澳大湾区主要客源地，持续举办龙南旅游专场推介会，立足创建国家全域旅游示范区，积极推进文旅资源大整合、项目大提升、品牌大塑造、市场大开拓，打造世界知名的客家文化旅游目的地和粤港澳大湾区生态康养旅游“后花园”，形成配套及服务更优、产业更具活力、文化内涵更丰富的龙南旅游新局面。

In addition, Longnan City has also seized the opportunity of the opening of the Ganshen high-speed railway, focusing on the main source of tourists in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, continuing to hold special promotion meetings for Longnan tourism, and actively promoting the integration of cultural tourism resources based on the establishment of a national all-for-one tourism demonstration area. , The project will be greatly upgraded, the brand will be greatly shaped, and the market will be greatly developed to create a world-renowned Hakka cultural tourism destination and the "back garden" of ecological health tourism in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, forming better supporting facilities and services, more dynamic industries, and cultural A new situation of Longnan tourism with richer connotations.

统计数据显示，2022年1至5月，龙南累计共接待旅游总人数333.4万人次，同比增长13.56%，旅游总收入27.06亿，同比增长15.2%。

Statistics show that from January to May 2022, Longnan received a total of 3.334 million tourists, an increase of 13.56% year-on-year, and total tourism revenue 2.706 billion, an increase of 15.2% year-on-year.