本周六，手术机器人正式进入北京医保，100％全额报销
This Saturday, the surgical robot officially entered Beijing's medical insurance, with 100% full reimbursement.
智东西（公众号：zhidxcom）
Zhidong (Public Number: Zhidxcom)
作者 | 健恩
Author Jian En
编辑 | Panken
Editor Panken
智东西10月21日报道，本周六，机器人辅助骨科手术将被纳入北京甲类医保支付目录，患者可获100%全额报销。
Zhidong reported on October 21 that this Saturday, robot-assisted orthopaedic surgery will be included in Beijing's Class a medical insurance payment catalogue, and patients will receive 100% full reimbursement.
无独有偶，上海医保局也在今年4月将28个新项目纳入本市基本医保支付范围，其中“人工智能辅助治疗技术”即是腹腔镜手术机器人。
Similarly, Shanghai Medical Insurance Bureau also included 28 new projects in the city's basic medical insurance payment scope in April this year, of which "artificial intelligence adjuvant therapy technology" is laparoscopic surgery robot.
相比传统手术治疗，由手术机器人辅助的微创手术有诸多优势，不仅能降低人为造成的不可控风险，而且有助于缓解医生疲惫、减少并发症、缩短患者恢复周期，并能在很大程度上减少患者在手术中及恢复期的痛苦。
Compared with traditional surgical treatment, minimally invasive surgery assisted by surgical robots has many advantages, which can not only reduce uncontrollable risks caused by human beings, but also help relieve doctor fatigue, reduce complications, shorten the recovery period of patients, and greatly reduce the pain of patients during surgery and recovery period.
国内对手术机器人的需求正不断攀升。但昂贵的治疗费用成为掣肘手术机器人推广的一大阻碍。据悉，相比普通手术治疗，采用手术机器人的价格往往会高出2-4万元。由此可见，纳入医保对患者来说大有裨益，能显著减轻经济负担。
The domestic demand for surgical robots is increasing. However, the high cost of treatment has become a major obstacle to the promotion of surgical robots. It is reported that compared with ordinary surgical treatment, the price of using surgical robots is often 20,000-40,000 yuan higher. This shows that the inclusion of medical insurance is of great benefit to patients and can significantly reduce the economic burden.
一边是政策不断利好，另一边随着国内市场规模的快速扩张，在临床上不断实现突破的国产手术机器人，已经拉开商业化序幕。
On the one hand, the policy is continuously favorable; On the other hand, with the rapid expansion of the domestic market scale, domestic surgical robots, which have continuously achieved breakthroughs in clinical practice, have begun commercialization.
根据市研机构弗若斯特沙利文数据，中国手术机器人市场规模由2015年的约6亿元增至2020年的28亿元，并预计在2026年达到250亿元。国产手术机器人龙头微创医疗机器人已经向赴港上市发起了最后冲刺，自今日起招股，预期11月2日上市。
According to data from Jost Sullivan, a municipal research institution, the market size of Chinese surgical robots increased from about 600 million yuan in 2015 to 2.8 billion yuan in 2020 and is expected to reach 25 billion yuan in 2026. Minimally invasive medical robots, the leader of domestic surgical robots, have launched a final sprint to go public in Hong Kong. They will be listed from today and are expected to go public on November 2.
无论是手术机器人纳入医保，还是更多国产手术机器人进入临床和商用阶段，似乎都预示着手术机器人的春天已经不远了。
Whether surgical robots are included in medical insurance or more domestic surgical robots enter the clinical and commercial stages, it seems that the spring of surgical robots is not far away.
一、手术机器人落地之困：费用高昂，患者承压
I. Difficulties of Surgical Robots Landing: High Cost and Pressure on Patients
手术机器人虽然被称作机器人，但本质上是在手术中辅助医生的机器，去完成一些需要高度精准的复杂手术动作。
Although surgical robots are called robots, they are essentially machines that assist doctors in surgery to complete some complex surgical actions that require high precision.
与传统的开放式手术相比，微创手术具有创口孝并发症少、术后恢复快等优势，但同时也存在医生视觉范围孝易疲劳、手术器械灵活性差、精确分离及缝合难度高等缺点。
Compared with traditional open surgery, minimally invasive surgery has the advantages of less wound complications and quick postoperative recovery, but at the same time it also has the disadvantages of doctors' visual range, easy fatigue, poor flexibility of surgical instruments, accurate separation and high suture difficulty.
手术机器人则能在保留微创手术优势的同时，很好克服这些不足之处，不仅能降低手术风险，而且有助于提升术后生活质量，对老年人等身体虚弱的患者尤其适用。
Surgical robots can overcome these shortcomings while retaining the advantages of minimally invasive surgery. They can not only reduce the surgical risks, but also help to improve the quality of life after surgery. They are especially suitable for weak patients such as the elderly.
▲机器人手术同传统手术的优势对比（来源：微创医疗机器人招股书）
Comparison of Advantages between Robot Surgery and Traditional Surgery (Source: Prospectus of Minimally Invasive Medical Robot)
要迎来手术机器人“全民时代”，最先遇到的就是价格问题。对于采购设备的医院和接受手术的患者，手术机器人的价格都不能算便宜。
In order to usher in the "national era" of surgical robots, the first thing to encounter is the price problem. For hospitals that purchase equipment and patients undergoing surgery, the price of surgical robots cannot be considered cheap.
以目前应用最为广泛、商业化水平最高的达芬奇手术机器人为例，国内的采购价格一般在2000万~3000万元之间，每年维护费约在150万元以上。这对于医院来说是一笔不小的开支，因此有能力采购手术机器人普遍较发达地区的三甲医院。
Take Leonardo da Vinci's surgical robot, which is currently the most widely used and commercialized, as an example. The domestic purchase price is generally between 20 million and 30 million yuan, and the annual maintenance cost is about 1.5 million yuan or more. This is a big expense for hospitals, so they have the ability to purchase 3A hospitals in areas where surgical robots are generally more developed.
手术机器人耗材也开支不菲。据西南证券统计，达芬奇手术机器人平均每例手术使用的各类耗材总费用约为2.59万元人民币。在没有医保报销的情况下，这些费用基本都需要患者承担。
Surgical robot consumables are also expensive. According to statistics from Southwest Securities, the average total cost of various consumables used by Leonardo da Vinci's surgical robot for each operation is about 25,900 yuan. In the absence of medical insurance reimbursement, these expenses basically need to be borne by patients.
高昂的采购成本和维护成本，再加上不菲的耗材费用，使得机器人辅助手术的价格水涨船高，这成了患者接受机器人手术最大的门槛。
The high purchase cost and maintenance cost, coupled with the high cost of consumables, make the price of robot-assisted surgery rise, which has become the biggest threshold for patients to accept robot surgery.
上海市医保局局长夏科家在《2021上海民生访谈》直播间透露，若患者使用达芬奇手术机器人进行手术，单次手术费用达3万元。另据西南证券的测算，平均每例机器人手术的成本约4.4万元。
Xia Kejia, director of the Shanghai Municipal Health Insurance Bureau, disclosed in the "2021 Shanghai People's Livelihood Interview" studio that if the patient uses Leonardo da Vinci surgical robot for surgery, the cost of a single surgery will reach 30,000 yuan. According to calculations by Southwest Securities, the average cost per robot operation is about 44,000 yuan.
▲达芬奇手术机器人手术成本估算（来源：西南证券）
Cost Estimation of Leonardo da Vinci Surgical Robot (Source: Southwest Securities)
另一方面，由于手术机器人所做的大多为难度较高、过程较复杂的手术，因此技术门槛高，导致产品研发周期长，从研发到上市过程漫长。相关报告显示，手术机器人产品的研发周期基本都在十年以上。
On the other hand, because most of the operations performed by surgical robots are difficult and complicated, the technical threshold is high, resulting in a long product research and development cycle and a long process from research and development to marketing. Relevant reports show that the research and development cycle of surgical robot products is basically more than 10 years.
持续的研发投入和漫长的研发周期导致手术机器人的研发是一个高投入低回报的工作，盈利难的问题一直困扰着手术机器人企业。
Continuous research and development investment and long research and development cycle lead to the research and development of surgical robots is a high investment and low return work, and the problem of difficult profits has been perplexing surgical robot enterprises.
比如成立于2005年的天智航专注于骨科手术机器人领域，是我国首家上市的医疗机器人企业，但其长期处于亏损状态，2019、2020两年的亏损额分别为3416万元、5416万元，而这两年其研发投入均超过7000万元。
For example, Tianzhihang, founded in 2005, focuses on the field of orthopaedic surgical robots and is the first listed medical robot enterprise in China. However, it has been in a state of loss for a long time. The losses in 2019 and 2020 are 34.16 million yuan and 54.16 million yuan respectively, while its research and development investment in these two years exceeds 70 million yuan.
与之处境相似的还有即将上市的微创医疗机器人。微创医疗机器人诞生自2014年微创医疗集团内部的一个孵化项目，至今已有7年历史，到现在为止其产品仍处于研发之中，没有在售产品。
Similar to this situation is the upcoming minimally invasive medical robot. Minimally invasive medical robots were born in 2014 as an incubation project within the Minimally Invasive Medical Group. It has a history of 7 years. Up to now, its products are still under research and development and are not on sale.
招股书显示，微创医疗机器人在2019年、2020年的亏损额分别为6980.1万元、2.09亿元，同期研发投入分别为6188万元、1.35亿元。
According to the prospectus, the losses of minimally invasive medical robots in 2019 and 2020 were 69.801 million yuan and 209 million yuan respectively, while the research and development investment in the same period was 61.88 million yuan and 135 million yuan respectively.
高额的研发投入意味着手术机器人的价格不菲，而不菲的价格使多数医院无力采购，手术价格也使大量患者无法承担。自然而然地，因使用率得不到保障，手术机器人陷入了“成本高、卖不动、没人用、不赚钱”的恶性循环。倘若这一产业没有政策和资金的支持，便很难得到进一步的发展。
The high investment in research and development means that the price of surgical robots is expensive, which makes most hospitals unable to purchase and the operation price makes a large number of patients unable to afford. Naturally, because the usage rate is not guaranteed, the surgical robot has fallen into a vicious circle of "high cost, unable to sell, useless and unprofitable". If this industry does not have the support of policies and funds, it will be difficult to get further development.
二、国家多项政策支持，沪京先后为患者“减压”
Second, with the support of various national policies, Shanghai and Beijing have successively "decompressed" patients.
推广手术机器人，有助于国家整体医疗水平的提升，符合国家促进高新技术产业发展的战略方向。政策对手术机器人的鼓励支持也早有端倪。
The promotion of surgical robots is conducive to the improvement of the country's overall medical level and conforms to the country's strategic direction of promoting the development of high-tech industries. The policy's encouragement and support for surgical robots have long been on the horizon.
早在2015年，国务院发布的《国务院关于印发的通知》中，就提到“重点发展影像设备、医用机器人等高性能诊疗设备”。
As early as 2015, the State Council issued the "Circular of the State Council on Printing and Distributing" which mentioned "focusing on the development of high-performance diagnosis and treatment equipment such as imaging equipment and medical robots".
2016版《战略性新兴产业重点产品和服务指导目录》明确认定腹腔、胸腔、泌尿、骨科、介入等手术辅助机器人及其配套微创伤手术器械为战略新兴产业重点产品。同年，国务院办公厅在《关于促进医药产业健康发展的指导意见》中也提到“明确提出发展医用机器人等高端医疗器械，实现进口替代，加快医疗器械转型升级。”
The 2016 edition of the Catalogue of Key Products and Services in Strategic Emerging Industries clearly identifies abdominal cavity, thoracic cavity, urology, orthopaedics, interventional and other surgical auxiliary robots and their supporting minimally invasive surgical instruments as key products in strategic emerging industries. In the same year, the General Office of the State Council also mentioned in the Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Healthy Development of the Pharmaceutical Industry that "it is clearly proposed to develop high-end medical devices such as medical robots, realize import substitution, and accelerate the transformation and upgrading of medical devices."
2019年底《关于推动先进制造业和现代服务业深度融合发展的实施意见》提出重点发展手术机器人等高端医疗设备。
At the end of 2019, the "Implementation Opinions on Promoting the Deep Integration and Development of Advanced Manufacturing Industry and Modern Service Industry" proposed to focus on the development of high-end medical equipment such as surgical robots.
一方面手术机器人配置许可审批流程趋于简化，从申请到批准仅需2-3个月，医疗机构申请购买手术机器人更为方便；另一方面政策也在逐渐放宽采购限制，2020年7月，国家上调了大型医疗器械配置规划数量，至2020年末的全国手术机器人装机数量由调整前的197台升至调整后的268台，上升36.04%。
On the one hand, the approval process for the configuration of surgical robots tends to be simplified. It only takes 2-3 months from application to approval, making it more convenient for medical institutions to apply for the purchase of surgical robots. On the other hand, the policy is gradually relaxing the purchase restrictions. In July 2020, the state increased the planned number of large-scale medical devices. By the end of 2020, the installed number of surgical robots nationwide increased from 197 before adjustment to 268 after adjustment, up 36.04%.
▲部分手术机器人相关政策
Relevant Policies for Some Surgical Robots
今年沪京两地先后宣布将手术机器人纳入医保范围，则为手术机器人加速普及照进了新的曙光。
This year, Shanghai and Beijing announced the inclusion of surgical robots in the scope of medical insurance, which has brought new light to the accelerated popularization of surgical robots.
今年4月份，上海市医疗保障局宣布将手术机器人纳入乙类医保支付范畴，患者自负比例为20%，手术类型被限定为前列腺癌根治术、肾部分切除术、子宫全切术、直肠癌根治术四种，手术机器人类型也被限定为仅达芬奇手术机器人一种。
In April this year, the Shanghai Municipal Medical Security Bureau announced that surgical robots would be included in the category of Class B medical insurance payment. The proportion of patients' self-responsibility was 20%. The types of surgery were limited to four types: radical prostatectomy, partial nephrectomy, total hysterectomy and radical rectal cancer. The types of surgical robots were also limited to only one type of Leonardo da Vinci surgical robot.
8月末，北京市医疗保障局也宣布将手术机器人及其耗材纳入医保支付范畴，相关支付内容被分为两部分，一部分为机器人的使用费用，固定为8000元，可全部使用医保支付；另一部分为配套耗材费用，可部分报销。
At the end of August, the Beijing Municipal Medical Security Bureau also announced that surgical robots and their consumables would be included in the scope of medical insurance payment. The relevant payment content was divided into two parts. One part was the use cost of robots, which was fixed at 8,000 yuan and could be fully paid by medical insurance. The other part is the cost of supporting consumables, which can be partially reimbursed.
与上海方案不同的是，北京将产品范围限定为骨科手术机器人，但并未限定机器人厂商及手术类型，这让适用范围扩大了许多，更多的患者和手术机器人厂商可从中获益。
Different from the Shanghai plan, Beijing limits the scope of products to orthopaedic surgical robots, but does not limit robot manufacturers and surgical types, which expands the scope of application and benefits more patients and surgical robot manufacturers.
有业内人士分析，这或许是在为手术机器人进入更大范围的医保支付进行探索。
Some people in the industry have analyzed that this may be an exploration for surgical robots to enter a wider range of medical insurance payments.
三、全球市场规模超80亿美元，国内仍是蓝海
Third, the global market size exceeds 8 billion US dollars, and the domestic market is still a blue sea.
手术机器人在海外已经发展了三十多年，在国内也有24年的历史。
Surgical robots have been developed overseas for more than 30 years and have a history of 24 years at home.
1997年，中国第一台手术机器人“CRAS”完成立体定向颅咽管癌放射治疗术，中国手术机器人就此正式出常经过十余年的探索，从2010年中国首台自主知识产权的“骨科导航机器人”用于临床开始，中国手术机器人步入自主创新的新阶段。
In 1997, China's first surgical robot "CRAS" completed stereotactic radiotherapy for craniopharyngeal carcinoma. After more than ten years of exploration, China's surgical robot has officially entered a new stage of independent innovation since 2010, when China's first "orthopaedic navigation robot" with independent intellectual property rights was used clinically.
在海外，美国直觉外科（Intuitive Surgical）公司开发的达芬奇手术机器人系统于2000年获得美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准，这被认为是手术机器人真正商业化的开始。此后达芬奇手术机器人长期垄断腔镜手术机器人国际市常
Overseas, the Leonardo da Vinci surgical robot system developed by the American Intuitive Surgical Company was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2000, which is considered to be the beginning of the real commercialization of surgical robots. Since then, Leonardo da Vinci's surgical robots have long monopolized the international market for endoscopic surgical robots.
▲手术机器人发展历程（来源：微创医疗机器人招股书）
Development of Surgical Robots (Source: Prospectus of Minimally Invasive Medical Robots)
近年手术机器人的应用场景逐渐趋于多元化。从临床医学应用角度来看，手术机器人可分为腔镜手术机器人、骨科手术机器人、泛血管手术机器人、经自然腔道手术机器人等不同种类，在普外科、妇科、泌尿科、骨科等都有着广泛的应用。
In recent years, the application scenarios of surgical robots have gradually tended to be diversified. From the perspective of clinical medical application, surgical robots can be divided into endoscopic surgical robots, orthopaedic surgical robots, pan-vascular surgical robots, natural lumen surgical robots and other different types, which are widely used in general surgery, gynecology, urology, orthopaedics and so on.
据市研机构弗若斯特沙利文（Frost&Sullivan）的调研数据，2015年到2020年，全球手术机器人市场规模从30亿美元增加到83.2亿美元，复合增速22.6%；预估到2026年市场规模将达到335.9亿美元，复合增速将达到26.2%。
According to research data from Frost&Sullivan, a municipal research institution, the global surgical robot market increased from US $3 billion to US $8.32 billion from 2015 to 2020, with a compound growth rate of 22.6%. It is estimated that the market size will reach 33.59 billion US dollars by 2026, with a compound growth rate of 26.2%.
▲全球手术机器人市场规模及预测（来源：弗若斯特沙利文）
Global Surgical Robot Market Scale and Forecast (Source: Jost Sullivan)
就区域而言，美国是目前全球最大的手术机器人市场，2020年其市场规模达到46亿美元，达到全球的55.1%。以市场规模最大的腔镜手术机器人为例，2020年美国共完成了约90万例机器人辅助腔镜手术，渗透率达到了13.3%。
Regionally, the United States is currently the world's largest surgical robot market, with a market size of 4.6 billion US dollars in 2020, accounting for 55.1% of the world's total. Take the largest endoscopic surgery robot in the market as an example. In 2020, the United States completed about 900,000 robot-assisted endoscopic surgeries, with a penetration rate of 13.3%.
反观国内，目前中国手术机器人的市场规模为4.25亿美元，约占全球市场规模的5.1%。2020年，中国共完成了4.7万余例机器人辅助腔镜手术，渗透率仅为0.5%。国内手术机器人市场仍是一片蓝海，正吸引越来越多国内外企业涌入。
In contrast, in China, the current market size of Chinese surgical robots is 425 million US dollars, accounting for about 5.1% of the global market size. In 2020, China completed more than 47,000 robot-assisted endoscopic surgeries with a penetration rate of only 0.5%. The domestic surgical robot market is still a blue sea, attracting more and more domestic and foreign enterprises.
而具体到企业上，最负盛名的无疑是坐拥达芬奇手术机器人的美国直觉外科公司。
As far as enterprises are concerned, the most famous is undoubtedly the American Intuitive Surgery Company, which has Leonardo da Vinci's surgical robot.
美国直觉外科公司的核心产品“达芬奇”在美国、日本、中国等60多个国家和地区获批上市，累计完成的手术数量已超过850万例。但在成立之初，它也面临和其他手术机器人企业类似的窘境持续处于亏损状态。
Leonardo da Vinci, the core product of American Intuitive Surgery Company, has been approved for listing in more than 60 countries and regions such as the United States, Japan and China, with a cumulative number of surgeries completed exceeding 8.5 million. However, at the beginning of its establishment, it also faced a similar dilemma as other surgical robot enterprises and continued to suffer losses.
▲手术中的达芬奇手术机器人
Leonardo da Vinci Surgical Robot in Operation
直到成立后的第9年，也就是2004年，直觉外科公司才扭亏为盈，此时距离它的第一代达芬奇手术机器人获FDA批准上市，已经过去4年。
It was not until 2004, the 9th year after its establishment, that Intuitive Surgery Company turned a profit, four years after its first generation of Leonardo da Vinci surgical robots were approved by FDA for listing.
从这以后直觉外科持续保持盈利，2020年其营收达43.6亿美元，净利润达到10.7亿美元。这个成绩让一众尚未盈利的手术机器人企业望尘莫及。
Since then, intuitive surgery has continued to make profits, with revenue reaching 4.36 billion US dollars and net profit reaching 1.07 billion US dollars in 2020. This achievement has left a large number of surgical robot enterprises that have not yet made profits behind.
腔镜手术机器人领域的其他国外玩家还有美国Asensus Surgical、英国CMR Surgical、韩国Meere company、德国Avatera Medical等。但是这些企业的盈利水平和手术量与直观外科相比不在同一量级。
Other foreign players in the field of endoscopic surgery robots include Asensus Surgical of the United States, CMR Surgical of the United Kingdom, Meere Company of South Korea, Avatera Medical of Germany, etc. However, the profitability and operation volume of these enterprises are not of the same order of magnitude as those of intuitive surgery.
其中表现较好的Asensus Surgical在2020年的营收为316.5万美元，其手术机器人产品Senhance在欧盟、美国、日本、俄罗斯等15个国家或地区获批上市，目前累计完成4500余例手术，这个成绩与直觉外科的达芬奇手术机器人相去甚远。
Among them, Aensus Surgical, which performed well, had a revenue of 3.165 million US dollars in 2020. Its surgical robot product Senhance has been approved for listing in 15 countries or regions such as the European Union, the United States, Japan and Russia. At present, it has completed more than 4,500 surgeries, which is far from Leonardo da Vinci's surgical robot in intuitive surgery.
国内也有不少企业进入了腔镜手术机器人领域，如微创医疗机器人、康多机器人、威高手术机器人等，这些企业的产品大多仍处于在研阶段，距离真正上市盈利还有一段距离。
There are also many domestic enterprises that have entered the field of endoscopic surgical robots, such as minimally invasive medical robots, Condo robots, Weigao surgical robots, etc. Most of the products of these enterprises are still in the research stage, and there is still a long way to go before they can really make profits on the market.
而在骨科手术机器人领域中，尚不存在占据绝对优势的龙头企业。我国的天智航、微创医疗机器人、键嘉机器人、元化智能等，以及美国的美敦力、史塞克、捷迈邦美、法国的Orthotaxy、英国的Acrobo等众多企业都在积极布局这一领域。
However, in the field of orthopaedic surgery robots, there is no leading enterprise with absolute advantages. China's Tianzhi Airlines, Minimally Invasive Medical Robots, Jianjia Robots, Yuanhua Intelligence, etc., as well as many enterprises in the United States such as Medtronic, Sseck, Jemaibang, France's Orthotaxy, Britain's Acrobo, etc. are actively laying out this field.
其中天智航的天玑骨科手术机器人已研发至第三代，已在国内100余家医疗机构进行了常规临床应用，累计完成超万例手术，是我国骨科手术机器人领域中较为领先的存在。
Among them, Tianji Orthopaedic Surgical Robot of Tianzhi Airlines has been developed to the third generation and has been used in more than 100 medical institutions in China for routine clinical application. It has completed more than 10,000 operations in total and is the leading presence in the field of orthopaedic surgical robots in China.
▲手术中的天玑骨科手术机器人
Tianji Orthopaedic Surgical Robot in Operation
四、国内企业或迎弯道超车机遇，核心零部件国产替代是难题
Fourth, domestic enterprises or overtaking opportunities in corners, domestic substitution of core components is a difficult problem.
弗若斯特沙利文预测，中国手术机器人市场规模将以44.3%的复合增速增长，到2026年将达到38.4亿美元，占全球手术机器人市场的11.4%。
Jost Sullivan predicts that the size of China's surgical robot market will grow at a compound growth rate of 44.3%, reaching US $3.84 billion by 2026, accounting for 11.4% of the global surgical robot market.
▲中国手术机器人市场规模及预测（来源：弗若斯特沙利文）
Market Scale and Forecast of Surgical Robots in China (Source: Jost Sullivan)
当前，国内两大手术机器人细分赛道（腔镜、关节置换）均由国外进口产品垄断，再加上仅少数三甲医院有购买能力，手术机器人普及率不高。
At present, the two major domestic surgical robot subdivisions (endoscopy and joint replacement) are monopolized by imported products. In addition, only a few 3A hospitals have the purchasing power, so the popularity rate of surgical robots is not high.
而近年我国医疗机器人相关专利数明显增长，随着国产手术机器人的逐步技术升级，这些高性价比的国产品牌有望缓解手术机器人价格过高的问题，促进产业良性发展。
In recent years, the number of patents related to medical robots in China has increased significantly. With the gradual technological upgrading of domestic surgical robots, these domestic brands with high cost performance are expected to alleviate the problem of exorbitant prices of surgical robots and promote the sound development of the industry.
▲我国医疗机器人相关专利数（来源：万方数据库，安信证券研究中心）
Number of Patents Related to Medical Robots in China (Source: Wanfang Database, Anson Securities Research Center)
例如，面向腔镜手术机器人和关节置换手术机器人，微创医疗机器人分别推出图迈机器人和鸿鹄机器人，均已向NMPA提交注册申请，有望于2022年获批。在骨科手术机器人赛道，天智航推出的天玑系统填补了国内相关领域空白。
For example, for endoscopic surgery robots, joint replacement surgery robots and minimally invasive medical robots, Tumai robots and Honghu robots have been introduced respectively, both of which have submitted registration applications to NMPA and are expected to be approved in 2022. At the Orthopaedic Surgery Robot Track, Tianji System launched by Tianzhi Airlines has filled the gap in related fields in China.
客观来看，当前国产手术机器人企业在技术积累、临床数据、专利数量等方面的积累与国际龙头企业相比还有不小的差距。另一方面，手术机器人的核心零部件国产化水平仍较为落后，可能会出现受制于人的局面。这些都是国产手术机器人想要加速普及所必须面对的问题。
Objectively speaking, there is still a big gap between the current domestic surgical robot enterprises and the international leading enterprises in terms of technology accumulation, clinical data, number of patents, etc. On the other hand, the localization level of the core components of surgical robots is still relatively backward, which may lead to the situation of being controlled by others. These are all the problems that domestic surgical robots must face if they want to accelerate the popularization.
比如腔镜手术机器人的视觉成像芯片、微型直流精密电机等底层核心元件和高强度航空铝、超硬医用不锈钢等高性能原材料，以及骨科手术机器人中协作型机械臂和光学定位系统等都在一定程度上依赖进口。
For example, the bottom core components such as visual imaging chips, micro DC precision motors and other high-performance raw materials such as high-strength aviation aluminum and ultra-hard medical stainless steel of endoscopic surgery robots, as well as cooperative mechanical arms and optical positioning systems in orthopaedic surgery robots, all rely on imports to a certain extent.
随着5G、AR、人工智能等新技术的不断兴起和应用，手术机器人的应用场景有望得到进一步拓展。例如通过与5G通信技术、触觉反愧3D影像等新兴技术的配合，医生可以不受地点限制，多点多中心远程操控手术机器人完成手术。
With the continuous rise and application of 5G, AR, artificial intelligence and other new technologies, the application scenarios of surgical robots are expected to be further expanded. For example, through the cooperation with 5G communication technology, tactile anti-shame 3D images and other emerging technologies, doctors can remotely control the surgical robot to complete the operation at multiple points and centers without being limited by location.
这些新兴技术，正为入局稍晚、根基不深的国产手术机器人带来更多发展机遇。
These emerging technologies are bringing more development opportunities to domestic surgical robots that have entered the market a little later and are not deeply rooted.
结语：纳入医保患者负担得缓解，国产手术机器人何时起飞？
Conclusion: When will domestic surgical robots take off when the burden of patients covered by medical insurance is relieved?
手术机器人具有微创、并发症少、术后恢复快等特点，与传统的手术方式相比具有极高的优势。而沪京先后将手术机器人纳入医保的动作，将在很大程度上减轻患者的负担，也有望刺激医疗市场对手术机器人的需求。如此一来，或许能缓解长期以来困扰手术机器人企业的盈利难题。
Surgical robots have the characteristics of minimally invasive, few complications and fast postoperative recovery, and have extremely high advantages over traditional surgical methods. However, Shanghai and Beijing have successively incorporated surgical robots into medical insurance, which will greatly reduce the burden on patients and is also expected to stimulate the demand for surgical robots in the medical market. In this way, it may ease the profit problem that has plagued surgical robot enterprises for a long time.
但是从另一个方面来看，由于手术机器人高昂的手术价格，将其纳入医保必将会使医保支出增加，给医保系统带来一定的负担。因此手术机器人纳入医保的过程不能一蹴而就，将会是一个循序渐进的过程。
However, from another aspect, due to the high operation price of surgical robots, the inclusion of surgical robots into medical insurance will definitely increase the medical insurance expenditure and bring a certain burden to the medical insurance system. Therefore, the process of incorporating surgical robots into medical insurance cannot be achieved overnight, and will be a gradual process.
目前，国内手术机器人厂商正在不断涌现，随着政策的扶持、技术的进步，国内手术机器人市场将逐渐打开新局面。
At present, domestic surgical robot manufacturers are constantly emerging. With the support of policies and technological progress, the domestic surgical robot market will gradually open up a new situation.
参考资料：微创医疗招股书，西南证券报告，安信证券报告
References: Minimally Invasive Medical Prospectus, Southwest Securities Report, Anson Securities Report
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