林草高质量发展 | 精准管理 推动安徽科学绿化见实见效

High-quality development and precise management of forest and grass promote scientific greening in Anhui to achieve practical results

安徽合理布局绿化空间，在平原打造农田防护生态功能区 余文圣摄

Rational layout of greening space in Anhui to create a farmland protection ecological function area in the plain. Photo taken by Yu Wensheng

2021年，国务院办公厅印发《关于科学绿化的指导意见》，成为“十四五”及今后一个时期国土绿化高质量发展的基本遵循。

In 2021, the General Office of the State Council issued the guidance on Scientific Greening, which became the basic compliance of the "14th five-year Plan" and the high-quality development of land greening in the coming period.

安徽省迅速行动，出台了《安徽省绿化委员会贯彻落实〈国务院办公厅关于科学绿化的指导意见〉工作方案》，提出了编制绿化规划、保障绿化用地、优选绿化树（草）种、建设绿化项目、统筹城乡绿化、强化生态保护和提升绿化质效等7项重点任务。2021年，全省完成造林绿化182万亩、森林抚育605.1万亩、退化林修复80.8万亩。

Anhui Province acted quickly and issued the work Plan of Anhui Provincial Greening Committee to implement the guiding opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Scientific Greening. Seven key tasks are put forward, such as working out greening planning, ensuring greening land, optimizing greening tree (grass) species, building greening projects, coordinating urban and rural greening, strengthening ecological protection, and improving greening quality. In 2021, the province completed 1.82 million mu of afforestation, 6.051 million mu of forest tending and 808000 mu of degraded forest restoration.

——合理布局绿化空间。安徽横跨长江、淮河，南北地理区位差异明显。为合理布局全省国土绿化空间，安徽提出“一圈两区四廊两屏”国土绿化空间布局。“一圈”成园，建设总面积100平方公里的环巢湖生态圈，建成环巢湖十大湿地，把巢湖打造成为合肥最好的名片。“两区”成片，针对皖北平原、江淮丘陵等生态脆弱区，打造农田防护生态功能区和生态系统修复功能区，通过完善断网断带、开展森林抚育等实现片片相连，形成淮河两岸生态修复样板区。“四廊”成线，实施长江、淮河、江淮运河、新安江生态廊道建设工程，整体推进河流沿线15公里范围内造林绿化、湿地保护、区域生态修复、流域综合治理，全方位巩固提升生态系统质量和稳定性。“两屏”成面，建设皖南、皖西两大山区生态屏障，采取植树造林、封山育林、改造培育、生物多样性保护等多种措施，打造长三角一体化高质量发展的生态屏障。

-- rational layout of green space. Anhui straddles the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, with obvious geographical differences between the north and the south. In order to reasonably distribute the land greening space of the whole province, Anhui put forward the land greening space layout of "one circle, two districts, four corridors and two screens". The "one-circle" garden will build an ecological circle around Chaohu Lake with a total area of 100 square kilometers, build ten wetlands around Chaohu Lake, and make Chaohu Lake the best business card in Hefei. Aiming at the ecologically fragile areas such as the northern Anhui plain and the Jianghuai hills, the "two areas" are built into farmland protection ecological functional areas and ecosystem restoration functional areas, and the pieces are connected by improving the disconnection of the network and carrying out forest tending, so as to form an ecological restoration model area on both sides of the Huaihe River. The "four corridors" will be formed to implement the construction of ecological corridors along the Yangtze River, Huaihe River, Jianghuai Canal and Xin'anjiang River, and comprehensively promote afforestation, wetland protection, regional ecological restoration and comprehensive watershed management within 15 kilometers along the river. consolidate and improve the quality and stability of the ecosystem in all directions. The "two screens" will be built to build ecological barriers in the two major mountain areas of southern and western Anhui, and various measures such as afforestation, mountain closure, transformation and cultivation, and biodiversity protection will be taken to create an ecological barrier for the integrated and high-quality development of the Yangtze River Delta.

——精细找准宜林空间。推动全省各地造林绿化计划任务和成果落地上图，实现造林绿化精细化管理。各地结合造林绿化空间适宜性评估，在农村“四旁”隙地找绿化空间、在农田防护林建设中找植树落点、在“四廊两屏”建设中找宜林地块，有效拓展造林绿化空间，挖掘绿化潜能。蚌埠市五河县以实现“县镇村融合”全域增绿为目标，科学规划未来5年城乡造林绿化目标，以县乡主次干道绿化提升为主线，以村庄“四旁”植树模范示范自然村组为样点，因地制宜整合土地资源示范带动面上营造林，构建乡村一体化的城镇森林生态网络。阜阳市颍东区利用房前屋后空隙地发展以乡土树种为主的“小果园”，鼓励和支持发展庭院林业经济，在30多个自然村庄的房前屋后栽植冬枣5000多株、高秆红叶石楠和树状月季1600株。黄山市黟县对在房前屋后、菜园地、茶园地等零星空地上栽植香榧的农户给予一定补助，提高造林积极性，拓展造林空间，推进林业产业发展。

-- finely find the space suitable for forest. We will promote the tasks and achievements of afforestation plans in various parts of the province to be mapped on the ground, so as to achieve fine management of afforestation. In combination with the evaluation of the suitability of afforestation and greening space, various localities should look for greening space in the "four sides" gap in rural areas, tree planting sites in the construction of farmland shelterbelt, and land suitable for afforestation in the construction of "four corridors and two screens", so as to effectively expand the afforestation space and tap the potential of greening. Wuhe County, Bengbu City, with the goal of realizing the "integration of county, town and village", scientifically plans the afforestation and greening goal of urban and rural areas in the next five years, takes the greening of the main and secondary trunk roads of the county and township as the main line, and takes the "four sides" tree planting model natural village group as the sample point to integrate land resources demonstration according to local conditions to drive afforestation on the surface and build an integrated urban forest ecological network. Yingdong District, Fuyang City, made use of the gap between the front and back houses to develop "small orchards" dominated by native tree species to encourage and support the development of courtyard forestry economy. More than 5000 winter dates, 1600 tall red leaf Photinia and 1600 tree-shaped rose were planted in front and behind houses in more than 30 natural villages. Yi County of Huangshan City gives certain subsidies to farmers who plant Torreya grandis in the front and back of houses, vegetable gardens, tea gardens and other scattered open land, so as to improve afforestation enthusiasm, expand afforestation space, and promote the development of forestry industry.

——创新国土绿化模式。支持龙头企业、造林大户等社会资本采取投资承建、股份合作、规模经营等机制承建木本油料、国家储备林重点工程建设，助推林业高质量发展，实现巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接。着力发展林下经济，以耕代抚，解决林业生产周期长、见效慢的问题。淮北市烈山区探索市场化推进矿山生态修复新机制，通过“基金引入+生态修复+产业导入”模式，引入淮北盛峰生态环境有限公司作为实施主体，在完成地质灾害工程修复基础上，高标准修复生态环境，打造集生态、娱乐、养老等于一体的综合型城市公园。合肥市庐江县引导薄壳山核桃种植企业（大户）实施林粮、林油、林药、林菜等复种模式，大力发展林下经济，林菜套种每亩年均增收800元左右，林药套种每亩年均增收2000元左右。

-- innovating the mode of land greening. We will support leading enterprises, large afforestation and other social capital to adopt mechanisms such as investment and construction, joint-stock cooperation, and large-scale operation to undertake the construction of key projects of woody oil crops and national forest reserves, so as to promote the high-quality development of forestry and effectively link up with the achievements of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization. Efforts should be made to develop the economy under the forest and replace ploughing with ploughing, so as to solve the problems of long forestry production cycle and slow results. Liishan District of Huaibei City explores a new mechanism of marketization to promote mine ecological restoration, and introduces Huaibei Shengfeng Ecological Environment Co., Ltd. as the main body through the model of "fund introduction + ecological restoration + industrial introduction". On the basis of the completion of geological disaster engineering restoration, we should restore the ecological environment with high standards and create a comprehensive urban park that integrates ecology, entertainment and providing for the aged. Lujiang County, Hefei City guides the thin-shell hickory planting enterprises (large families) to implement the multiple cropping model of forest grain, forest oil, forest medicine, forest vegetables and so on, and vigorously develop the economy under the forest. The average annual income of forest vegetable interplanting is about 800yuan per mu, and that of forest medicine interplanting is about 2000 yuan per mu.

——加强技术服务指导。严把树种设计关、栽植质量关，推广防护性能好、经济效益高的乡土树种，确保苗木成活率和营造林成效。加强技术培训，选派业务素质好的林业科技特派员深入林业生产一线，为基层提供林业技术服务。淮南市制定了《林业科技专家服务增绿增效行动“112”活动方案》，组织30名乡镇林业站专家开展科技服务，要求每名专家每年推广1项以上林业实用新技术，服务或创办1个林业示范基地，定点帮扶2户林农，为林业增绿增效行动提供技术支撑。凤台县坚持适地适树原则，选择省、市林业部门认定、推广的中山杉、无絮杨为主要树种，采取“先培育再移交”模式，统一采购，县苗圃进行专业栽植养护，1年后移交造林乡镇，提升造林成活率。（周敏 张俊亚）

-- strengthen technical service guidance. Strictly control the design and quality of tree species, promote native tree species with good protective performance and high economic benefits, and ensure the survival rate of seedlings and the effectiveness of forest construction. Strengthen technical training, select forestry science and technology commissioners with good professional quality to go deep into the front line of forestry production, and provide forestry technical services for the grass-roots level. Huainan City has formulated the "Forestry Science and Technology experts Service Greening and efficiency Action 112 activity Plan", organized 30 experts from township forestry stations to carry out scientific and technological services, and required each expert to popularize more than one practical new forestry technology every year. Service or set up a forestry demonstration base, designated to help two forest farmers to provide technical support for forestry greening and efficiency action. Fengtai County adheres to the principle of suitable land and trees, chooses Zhongshan fir and non-flocculent poplar identified and popularized by provincial and municipal forestry departments as the main tree species, adopts the mode of "cultivating first and then handing over", unified procurement, county nursery for professional planting and maintenance, one year later transferred to afforestation villages and towns to improve the survival rate of afforestation. (Zhou Min, Zhang Junya)