高原种出优质夏菜

High-quality summer vegetables grown on the plateau

“施了有机肥，土地松散了，土壤改良了，菜的长势自然就好了。”甘肃省兰州市榆中县新营镇罗景村村民贾仲瑜说，连年种植使土壤肥力减少，去年农技中心发了有机肥，让她对种出优质菜更有信心了。

"With organic fertilizers applied, the land is loosened, the soil is improved, and the vegetables grow naturally better." Jia Zhongyu, a villager in Luojing Village, Xinying Town, Yuzhong County, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, said that years of planting have reduced soil fertility. Last year, agricultural technology The center distributed organic fertilizer, which made her more confident in growing high-quality vegetables.

榆中县地处陇中黄土高原腹地，气候冷凉。近年来，榆中县依托自然禀赋与区位优势，积极融入国家“一带一路”建设与新一轮西部大开发，围绕“好中优”“特中特”“独一份”的特色产业发展要求，发挥全国无公害蔬菜生产示范基地县品牌效应，独创了“兰州高原夏菜”特色产业。

Yuzhong County is located in the hinterland of the Loess Plateau in Longzhong, with a cold climate. In recent years, relying on natural endowments and location advantages, Yuzhong County has actively integrated into the national “Belt and Road” construction and the new round of western development, focusing on the development requirements of characteristic industries of “good, middle and excellent”, “special, special” and “unique”. , giving full play to the brand effect of the national pollution-free vegetable production demonstration base county, and created the characteristic industry of "Lanzhou Plateau Summer Vegetables".

当下，榆中县高原夏菜的种植面积、销售版图不断扩大。从追求“量”到聚焦“质”，菜农们的种植理念以及田间管理方式都在发生着变化。“最早亩产6000多斤，后来达到8000斤。如今，我们最关心蔬菜的品质。”贾仲瑜告诉记者。

At present, the planting area and sales territory of plateau summer vegetables in Yuzhong County continue to expand. From pursuing "quantity" to focusing on "quality", vegetable farmers' planting concepts and field management methods are changing. "The earliest yield per mu was more than 6,000 catties, and later it reached 8,000 catties. Today, we are most concerned about the quality of vegetables." Jia Zhongyu told reporters.

“我们通过菜叶直接还田、尾菜再加工还田，把营养元素返还给土壤。”榆中县农技推广中心蔬菜站站长杨海兴说，榆中县提出大面积发展高原夏菜已有25年，长期种植导致土壤中营养元素缺乏，出现蔬菜死根烂根、移栽后不易成活、品质下降等问题，为此，榆中县开始推广化肥农药减量措施，增施有机肥，减少化肥，确保高原夏菜产业可持续发展。

"We return the nutrient elements to the soil through the direct return of vegetable leaves to the field and the reprocessing of tail vegetables to return the nutrients to the soil." said Yang Haixing, head of the vegetable station of the Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Yuzhong County. For 25 years, long-term planting has led to the lack of nutrients in the soil, resulting in problems such as dead and rotten roots of vegetables, difficult survival after transplanting, and deterioration of quality. For this reason, Yuzhong County began to promote measures to reduce chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Fertilizers ensure the sustainable development of the plateau summer vegetable industry.

“我们采用先进合理的种植技术，让蔬菜生长健壮，病虫害自然就少了，就达到了农药减量的目的。”杨海兴告诉记者，榆中县通过推行全膜覆盖垄沟栽培技术，在节水同时又能保证蔬菜产量稳定。

"We use advanced and reasonable planting technology to make vegetables grow robustly, and naturally reduce pests and diseases, thus achieving the goal of reducing pesticides." Yang Haixing told reporters that Yuzhong County has implemented full-film-covered furrow cultivation technology to save water while saving water. It can also ensure the stability of vegetable production.

“我手动打药一早上才能打2亩地，12亩地要打3天，无人机20分钟就打完了！”榆中县夏官营镇高墩营村村民感叹说，去年他享受了政府推广的联防联控无人机打药，省时又省力。

"It takes me 2 mu of land to do it manually in the morning, 12 mu of land takes 3 days, and the drone can do it in 20 minutes!" The villager of Gaodunying Village, Xiaguanying Town, Yuzhong County lamented that last year he enjoyed the government The popularized joint prevention and control drone spraying medicine saves time and effort.

榆中县农村经济指导站站长王建民告诉记者，飞防无人机现场高效药械统防统治技术，是农业社会化服务生产托管项目中“防”的环节，每年榆中县高原夏菜及粮食作物无人机飞防作业量达到7万亩。

Wang Jianmin, the head of the Yuzhong County Rural Economic Guidance Station, told reporters that the high-efficiency medicine and equipment control technology of flying defense drones is the "defense" link in the agricultural socialized service production trusteeship project. Every year, the plateau summer vegetables and grains of Yuzhong County are The amount of drone flying defense operations for crops has reached 70,000 mu.

走进康源现代农业有限公司的智能蔬菜大棚，水培生菜、油菜长势喜人，大棚的自动水循环设备不仅节水，还能实现精细化管理。榆中县目前有200多亩这样的智能蔬菜大棚。“我们通过水肥一体化种植引进蔬菜新品种1344个，1000亩高原夏菜正陆续上市发往南方市场。”甘肃康源现代农业有限公司办公室主任王争光说，今年上半年，他们外销高原夏菜5600多吨，实现销售额2800余万元。

Entering the intelligent vegetable greenhouse of Kangyuan Modern Agriculture Co., Ltd., the hydroponic lettuce and rapeseed are growing well. The automatic water circulation equipment in the greenhouse not only saves water, but also realizes refined management. Yuzhong County currently has more than 200 acres of such smart vegetable greenhouses. "We have introduced 1,344 new vegetable varieties through the integrated planting of water and fertilizer, and 1,000 mu of plateau summer vegetables are being listed and sent to the southern market." Wang Zhengguang, director of the office of Gansu Kangyuan Modern Agriculture Co., Ltd., said that in the first half of this year, they exported plateau summer vegetables. More than 5,600 tons, and achieved sales of more than 28 million yuan.

如今，榆中的高原夏菜产业从无到有发展到了36.6万亩，总产量80万吨以上，预计产值21亿元。榆中成为全国“北菜南运”“西菜东调”主要基地之一，引领甘肃蔬菜产业发展。（经济日报记者 赵 梅）

Today, the plateau summer vegetable industry in Yuzhong has grown from nothing to 366,000 mu, with a total output of more than 800,000 tons and an estimated output value of 2.1 billion yuan. Yuzhong has become one of the main bases for the “Northern Cuisine Movement to the South” and “Western Cuisine to the East” in the country, leading the development of the vegetable industry in Gansu. (Economic Daily reporter Zhao Mei)