健全科技攻关新型举国体制
Improve the new national system for tackling key scientific and technological problems
近日,中央全面深化改革委员会第二十七次会议审议通过《关于健全社会主义市场经济条件下关键核心技术攻关新型举国体制的意见》。新型举国体制再一次成为大众关注的热点。
Recently, the 27th meeting of the Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform deliberated and adopted the Opinions on Improving the New National System for Tackling Key Core Technologies under the Conditions of the Socialist Market Economy. The new national system has once again become a hot topic of public concern.
积力之所举,则无不胜也;众智之所为,则无不成也。“集中力量办大事”是我国社会主义制度的显著优势,奠定了我国国防安全与经济发展的坚实基础。健全新型举国体制,要科学统筹,加强战略谋划和系统布局。
Whatever the strength is, it is invincible; What the wisdom of the multitude does, it is impossible. "Concentrating forces on major affairs" is a conspicuous advantage of China's socialist system and has laid a solid foundation for China's national defense, security, and economic development. To improve the new-type national system, it is necessary to make scientific overall plans and strengthen strategic planning and systematic layout.
要理解新型举国体制“新”在哪里。举国体制是特殊的资源配置与组织方式,由政府统筹调配全国资源力量,达成相应目标任务。新型举国体制是在原有举国体制基础上的继承与创新。新中国成立初期的举国体制与当时基础薄弱、人才短缺的条件相适应,更多依赖政府行政动员和集中计划调配能力。改革开放后,我国以经济建设为中心,中国特色社会主义市场经济体制逐步建立并日益完善。进入新时代,我国经济由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段,个别国家试图遏制中国发展,我国面临关键核心技术“卡脖子”威胁。
To understand where the new national system is " new . " The whole nation system is a special way of resource allocation and organization . The government allocates the national resources as a whole to achieve the corresponding objectives and tasks . The new whole nation system is the inheritance and innovation on the basis of the original whole nation system . At the beginning of the founding of the People 's Republic of China , the whole nation system was adapted to the weak foundation and shortage of talents at that time , and relied more on the government 's administrative mobilization and centralized planning and allocation ability . After the reform and opening-up , our country takes economic construction as the center , the socialist market economic system with Chinese characteristics has been gradually established and perfected day by day . Entering a new era , China 's economy has shifted from a stage of high-speed growth to a stage of high-quality development . Some countries are trying to curb China 's development , and China is facing the threat of " getting stuck " in key core technologies .
发展到今天,新型举国体制有了新的核心任务——关键核心技术攻关,有了新的目标定位——在若干重要领域形成竞争优势、赢得战略主动。新任务是我国产业薄弱环节面临的问题,产品直接面向市场,不能单靠政府力量来解决;新目标要抢占科技竞争制高点,是国际战略博弈焦点,仅靠市场自发力量很难形成突破。因此,新型举国体制既要发挥社会主义制度集中力量办大事的显著优势,强化党和国家对重大科技创新的领导,又要充分发挥市场机制作用,围绕国家战略需求优化配置创新资源。
Today, the new national system has a new core task - key core technology research, with a new target positioning - in a number of important areas to form a competitive advantage, to win the strategic initiative. The new task is a problem faced by the weak links of China's industry, and the products are directly oriented to the market and cannot be solved by government forces alone; The new goal is to seize the commanding heights of scientific and technological competition, which is the focus of the international strategic game, and it is difficult to form a breakthrough only by relying on the spontaneous force of the market. Therefore, the new national system should not only give play to the obvious advantages of the socialist system in concentrating forces on major events, strengthen the leadership of the party and the state over major scientific and technological innovations, but also give full play to the role of the market mechanism and optimize the allocation of innovation resources around the national strategic needs.
理解了新型举国体制“新”在哪里,就抓住了健全新型举国体制的两个关键——有为政府和有效市场。健全关键核心技术攻关新型举国体制,强化国家战略科技力量,大幅提升科技攻关体系化能力,把政府、市场、社会有机结合起来,科学统筹、集中力量、优化机制、协同攻关。
Understanding where the "new" of the new national system is, we will grasp the two keys to improve the new national system-promising government and effective market. We will improve the new nationwide system for tackling key core technologies, strengthen the national strategic scientific and technological strength, greatly improve the systematic ability of tackling scientific and technological problems, organically combine the government, the market and the society, scientifically coordinate, concentrate efforts, optimize the mechanism and tackle key problems in a coordinated manner.
在战略谋划和决策部署中,要依靠有为政府的定力,加强党中央集中统一领导,坚持国家战略目标导向,明确主攻方向和核心技术突破口。党对科技事业的全面领导目光长远,将瞄准事关我国产业、经济和国家安全的若干重点领域及重大任务,愿意承担市场不愿承担的风险,啃市场不愿意啃的硬骨头,创造新的经济增长点。
In strategic planning and decision-making and deployment, it is necessary to rely on the determination of the promising government, strengthen the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, adhere to the orientation of national strategic goals, and clarify the main direction of attack and the breakthrough point of core technology. The party's overall leadership over science and technology has a long-term vision, and will aim at a number of key areas and major tasks related to China's industry, economy, and national security, and is willing to take risks that the market is unwilling to take, gnaw on the hard bones that the market is unwilling to gnaw, and create new economic growth points.
在资源配置和协同攻关中,要发挥有效市场活力,强化企业技术创新主体地位,高效配置科技力量和创新资源,强化跨领域跨学科协同攻关。在各方协同合作的新型举国体制中,探索出科技创新体系和高端产业深度融合的发展新路,营造良好的创新生态,夯实国家创新体系的坚实基础。
In the allocation of resources and collaborative research, it is necessary to give play to the effective market vitality, strengthen the main position of technological innovation of enterprises, efficiently allocate scientific and technological forces and innovation resources, and strengthen cross-field and interdisciplinary collaborative research. In the new national system of collaborative cooperation between all parties, we will explore a new development path for the deep integration of the scientific and technological innovation system and high-end industries, create a good innovation ecology, and consolidate the solid foundation of the national innovation system.
举全国之力,聚八方之智,我们一定能激发中国科技创新体系潜能,强化国家战略科技力量,打造自主可控、安全可靠的产业链供应链,实现高水平科技自立自强。
With the strength of the whole country and the wisdom of the eight parties, we will certainly be able to stimulate the potential of China's scientific and technological innovation system, strengthen the national strategic scientific and technological strength, create an independent and controllable, safe and reliable industrial chain supply chain, and achieve a high level of scientific and technological self-reliance.