Charlie Taylor: The Man Who Made The Wright Brothers Fly
查理·泰勒: 让莱特兄弟飞翔的人
Orville and Wilbur Wright are widely recognized as pioneers in powered flight, but without Charles E. Taylor, they might never have gotten off the ground. Even though his name has largely been forgotten, “Charlie” Taylor is the man who was able to develop an engine with a sufficient power-to-weight ratio to launch the Wrights at Kitty Hawk and into aviation history. His lightweight and powerful—for its time—1903 Wright engine removed one of the biggest obstacles to powered flight, giving the Wright brothers the edge they needed to take to the skies before their competitors.
奥维尔和威尔伯·赖特被广泛认为是动力飞行的先驱，但如果没有查尔斯·泰勒，他们可能永远不会离开地面。尽管他的名字在很大程度上被遗忘了，但 “查理” 泰勒是能够开发出具有足够功率重量比的发动机的人，他能够在基蒂霍克发射莱特兄弟并进入航空史。1903年，莱特发动机轻巧而强劲，消除了动力飞行的最大障碍之一，使莱特兄弟在竞争对手之前获得了飞向天空所需的优势。
Taylor had an innate mechanical ability and was a respected toolmaker. He was working in his own shop when one day Orville and Wilbur Wright came in and asked him to make them some parts. Pleased with Taylor’s work, the Wrights continued to bring him special projects—the beginning of a decades-long relationship that would shape the course of aviation history.
泰勒具有与生俱来的机械能力，是一位受人尊敬的工具制造商。有一天，奥维尔和威尔伯·赖特进来并要求他做一些零件，他们对泰勒的工作感到满意，莱特兄弟继续为他带来特殊的项目-这是长达数十年关系的开始，这将塑造航空史的进程。
Origins
起源
Who was he: The first aircraft mechanic
他是谁: 第一位飞机机械师
Original title: Mechanician
原标题: 机械师
Born: Charles Edward Taylor on May 24, 1868
出生于: 查尔斯·爱德华·泰勒，1868年5月24日
Where: Cerro Gordo, Illinois
地点: 伊利诺伊州塞罗戈多
Childhood: Grew up in Lincoln, Nebraska
童年: 在内布拉斯加州林肯市长大
Schooling: Left school at age 12 to go to work, later returned to finish
学校教育: 12岁时辍学去上班，后来又回去完成学业
Graduated: 1887
毕业: 1887年
First job: Errand boy for the Nebraska State Journal, where he discovered his knack for working with tools
第一份工作: 内布拉斯加州日报的差事男孩，在那里他发现了使用工具的诀窍
Spouse: Married Henrietta Webbert in 1894
配偶: 1894年与亨利埃塔·韦伯特结婚
Children: One son, two daughters
子女: 一个儿子，两个女儿
Settled: Dayton, Ohio
定居: 俄亥俄州代顿
Early Career
早期职业生涯
Career: Opened his own tool shop in Dayton, Ohio
职业生涯: 在俄亥俄州代顿开设了自己的工具店
Job change: Sold his tool shop and went to work at Stoddard Manufacturing, building farm equipment and bicycles
工作变动: 卖掉了他的工具店，去斯托达德制造公司工作，建造农场设备和自行车
Side gig: Taking on more repairs for the Wright brothers
副业: 为莱特兄弟承担更多维修
Career-defining job change: Hired by Wright Brothers to do bike repairs and “mind the shop” in 1901. Later became chief mechanic at the Wright Cycle Company
职业变化: 1901年被莱特兄弟雇用做自行车维修和 “注意商店” 。后来成为莱特自行车公司的首席机械师
1903 Wright Engine
1903莱特发动机
Wright brothers’ specifications: Needed 9 horsepower and a maximum weight of 180 pounds
莱特兄弟的规格: 需要9马力，最大重量180镑
Build time: Only 6 weeks!
构建时间: 仅6周!
How: Used hammer, chisel and other hand tools, as well as basic tools, including a drill press and lathe
使用方法: 使用锤子，凿子和其他手动工具，以及基本工具，包括钻床和车床
Power: 12 horsepower
功率: 12马力
Weight (engine block and crankcase): 152 pounds
重量 (发动机缸体和曲轴箱): 152镑
Engine block and crankcase: Lightweight, cast aluminum-copper alloy
发动机缸体和曲轴箱: 轻质铸铝铜合金
Cylinder material: Cast iron
气缸材料: 铸铁
Number of cylinders: Four
气缸数: 四个
Cylinder size: Four-inch bore and four-inch stroke
气缸尺寸: 四英寸缸径和四英寸冲程
Total displacement: 201 cubic inches
总排量: 201立方英寸
Cooling: Water-cooled
冷却方式: 水冷式
Quirk: No carburetor; instead, gasoline flowed into a shallow pan and engine heat vaporized it
特点: 无化油器; 相反，汽油流入浅锅，发动机热量蒸发
Other Contributions
其他贡献
Wright Flyer parts: Handcrafted all the metal fittings and support wires
莱特传单零件: 手工制作的所有金属配件和支撑线
Wind tunnel: Machined parts from workshop scraps for the Wright brothers’ wind tunnel, enabling their experimentation and data collection
风洞: 莱特兄弟风洞车间废料的加工零件，使他们能够进行实验和数据收集
First Fatal Accident
首次致命事故
Close call: Narrowly missed becoming the first person to die in a powered airplane accident when someone else took his place at the last minute
近距离通话: 差点错过了成为第一个在动力飞机事故中死亡的人，而其他人在最后一刻取代了他的位置
First fatality: Army Lieutenant Thomas Selfridge
第一人死亡: 陆军中尉托马斯·塞尔弗里奇
Seriously injured: Orville Wright
重伤: 奥维尔·赖特
When: Sept. 17, 1908, during a military demonstration flight
时间: 1908年9月17日，在军事演示飞行期间
Where: Fort Myer, Virginia
地点: 弗吉尼亚州迈尔堡
First aircraft accident investigator: Taylor examined the accident wreckage to determine the cause of the accident
第一飞机事故调查员: 泰勒检查事故残骸以确定事故原因
Probable cause: Delamination of the propeller
可能原因: 螺旋桨分层
Dashed dreams: Taylor asked the Wrights to teach him to fly; however, the brothers refused to teach him because they were afraid that they would lose their talented mechanic
破灭的梦想: 泰勒要求莱特兄弟教他飞行; 但是，兄弟俩拒绝教他，因为他们担心会失去才华横溢的机械师
Longtime chief mechanic for the Wrights: At the Wright Cycle Shop; flight operations and school at Huffman Prairie; and the Wright Company, later the Wright-Martin Company
莱特兄弟的长期首席机械师：在莱特自行车店;霍夫曼草原的飞行运营和学校;和莱特公司，后来的莱特-马丁公司
Income: Received a generous salary and later an annuity from the Wright brothers
收入: 从莱特兄弟那里获得丰厚的薪水，后来又获得了年金。
Later Years
晚年
Departure: Left the Wright-Martin Company for California in 1928
离开：1928年离开莱特-马丁公司前往加利福尼亚
Forgotten: Taylor was largely forgotten after he left the Wright-Martin Company
被遗忘: 泰勒离开莱特·马丁公司后基本上被遗忘了。
Lost fortune: Lost all his money in a failed real estate investment near the Salton Sea
失去财富: 在索尔顿海附近的一次失败的房地产投资中失去了所有的钱
Poor health: Disabled by a heart attack in 1945
健康状况不佳: 1945年因心脏病发作致残
Rediscovered: In 1955 by a journalist who publicized his hardships
重新发现：1955年，一位记者公开了他的艰辛
Help: Publicity led to funds provided by the Aviation Industries Association to move Taylor to a private sanatorium for treatment
帮助：宣传导致航空工业协会提供资金，将泰勒转移到私人疗养院接受治疗
Death: Jan. 30, 1956 (exactly eight years after the death of his friend Orville Wright)
逝世：1956年1月30日（正好是他的朋友威尔伯·赖特去世八年后）
Where: San Fernando, California
地点: 加利福尼亚州圣费尔南多
Cause: Complications from asthma
原因: 哮喘并发症
Buried: With other aviation pioneers at the Portal of the Folded Wings Shrine to Aviation, Los Angeles, California
埋葬：与其他航空先驱一起在加利福尼亚州洛杉矶的折叠翅膀航空圣地门户
Legacy of Charlie Taylor
查理·泰勒的遗产
Last man standing: Taylor outlived both Wright brothers
最后一个人站着: 泰勒比莱特兄弟都长寿
Witness to aviation history: Saw the first 50 years of flight, from the creation of the first engine to the advent of the jet age
航空史的见证人: 见证了飞行的第一个50年，从第一台发动机的产生到喷气式飞机时代的到来
Honored: Inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame in 1965
荣誉: 1965年入选国家航空名人堂
Charles Taylor Master Mechanic Award: The FAA’s most prestigious award for certificated mechanics, recognizing lifetime achievement for technicians who have demonstrated exceptional professionalism, skill and aviation expertise in their field for 50 years
查尔斯·泰勒机械大师奖: 美国联邦航空局最负盛名的认证机械师奖，旨在表彰50年来在其领域表现出卓越专业精神，技能和航空专业知识的技术人员的终身成就
Recognized: His image is featured on the back of the FAA mechanic certificates
认可：他的形象出现在FAA机械师证书的背面
Remembered: Today, his birthday is celebrated as National Aviation Maintenance Technician Day
纪念: 如今，他的生日被庆祝为国家航空维修技术员日
Fun fact: No known relationship to Chuck Taylor, the 1920s basketball player and coach, or the Converse All-Star sneakers that bear his name—though there are plenty of mechanics sporting the stylish sneakers today
有趣的事实: 与20世纪20年代篮球运动员兼教练查克·泰勒 或以他的名字命名的匡威全明星运动鞋都没有已知的关系-尽管当今有很多机械师穿着时尚的运动鞋
