Lessons Learned in Project Management: A Quick Guide

项目管理经验教训：快速指南

No project is wholly successful or a failure. Some aspects go well while others don’t. To ensure that the next project has fewer faults and more benefits, there’s something in project management called lessons learned.

没有一个项目是完全成功或失败的。有些方面做得很好，而另一些则不行。为了确保下一个项目有更少的错误和更多的好处，在项目管理中有一种叫做经验教训的东西。

Let’s first define what lessons learned in project management means, then explain why they should be documented and how valuable information can be collected. Then we’ll show what needs to be included in lessons learned documents and link to a lessons learned register that can be used in a post-mortem.

让我们首先定义项目管理中的经验教训意味着什么，然后解释为什么应该将它们记录下来，以及如何收集有价值的信息。然后，我们将展示需要在经验教训文档中包含的内容，并链接到可以在事后使用的经验教训登记册。

What Are Lessons Learned in Project Management?

项目管理的经验教训是什么？

Lessons learned in project management are the insights and key takeaways gained from a project’s successes and challenges. They help teams identify what worked, what didn’t and how future projects can be improved. These lessons are documented and reviewed to enhance processes, prevent recurring mistakes and refine best practices.

项目管理中的经验教训是从项目的成功和挑战中获得的见解和关键收获。他们帮助团队确定哪些有效，哪些没有，以及如何改进未来的项目。记录并审查这些经验教训，以增强流程，防止重复出现错误并完善最佳实践。

Lessons learned typically cover areas such as project planning, risk management, communication, stakeholder engagement, resource allocation and overall execution. By systematically capturing and applying these insights, organizations can continuously improve their project management approaches, increase efficiency and drive better outcomes in future initiatives.

经验教训通常涵盖项目规划，风险管理，沟通，利益相关者参与，资源分配和整体执行等领域。通过系统地捕获和应用这些见解，组织可以不断改进其项目管理方法，提高效率并在未来的计划中取得更好的成果。

Once the lessons learned are taken into account, then they can be applied to the next project. ProjectManager is award-winning project and portfolio management software with multiple project views to implement what was learned after discussing completed projects. Project managers can use Gantt charts to schedule tasks, resources and costs, as well as link dependencies to avoid costly delays and filter for the critical path. Then, set a baseline to capture the plan and compare it against actual effort in real time to stay on track.

一旦考虑到经验教训，就可以将其应用于下一个项目。ProjectManager是屡获殊荣的项目和投资组合管理软件，具有多个项目视图，可在讨论完成的项目后实施所学到的内容。项目经理可以使用甘特图来安排任务，资源和成本，以及链接依赖关系，以避免代价高昂的延迟和关键路径的筛选。然后，设置一个基线来捕获计划，并将其与实际工作量进行实时比较，以保持在正轨上。

Meanwhile, the project team can choose the project management tool that best fits their needs. There are kanban boards that visualize workflow, allowing team members to manage their backlog and collaborate when planning sprints. The task list can be prioritized and tagged to find quickly when searching, files can be attached and comments added. Even stakeholders can get project updates by using the calendar view for a monthly look at the project. Get started with ProjectManager today for free.

同时，项目团队可以选择最适合他们需求的项目管理工具。有一些看板可以可视化工作流程，允许团队成员管理他们的积压工作，并在规划冲刺时进行协作。可以对任务列表进行优先级排序和标记，以便在搜索时快速查找，可以附加文件并添加注释。甚至干系人也可以通过使用日历视图每月查看项目来获取项目更新。立即免费开始使用ProjectManager。

When Should Lessons Learned Be Documented?

什么时候应该记录经验教训？

Lessons learned should be documented throughout the project by logging them in a lessons learned register as they occur. This ensures that valuable insights are captured in real time to prevent key learnings from being overlooked or forgotten.

应在整个项目中记录经验教训，将其记录在经验教训登记册中。这确保了实时捕获有价值的见解，以防止关键的学习被忽视或遗忘。

At the project closure phase, a lessons learned document is created to compile and describe these insights in more detail. This final document provides a structured review of what worked well, what didn’t and recommendations for future projects, helping teams and organizations continuously improve their project management processes.

在项目结束阶段，将创建一个经验教训文档，以更详细地编译和描述这些见解。这份最终文件提供了一个结构化的审查，哪些工作做得很好，哪些工作做得不好，以及对未来项目的建议，帮助团队和组织不断改进他们的项目管理流程。

What Is a Lessons Learned Register?

什么是经验教训登记册？

A lessons learned register is a structured document or database used to capture and track insights, experiences and key takeaways from a project as they occur. It serves as a central repository where teams can document successes and challenges, ensuring that valuable knowledge is retained and applied to future projects.

经验教训登记册是一个结构化的文档或数据库，用于捕获和跟踪项目中的见解、经验和关键收获。它作为一个中央存储库，团队可以在其中记录成功和挑战，确保保留有价值的知识并将其应用于未来的项目。

The register typically includes details such as the lesson description, impact on the project, recommendations for improvement and responsible stakeholders. By maintaining a lessons learned register throughout the project lifecycle, organizations can enhance decision-making, improve processes and avoid repeating past mistakes.

登记册通常包括课程描述，对项目的影响，改进建议和负责任的利益相关者等详细信息。通过在整个项目生命周期中维护经验教训登记册，组织可以加强决策，改进流程并避免重复过去的错误。

What Is a Lessons Learned Document?

什么是经验教训文件？

A lessons learned document is a formal report created at the end of a project to summarize key takeaways, successes, challenges and recommendations for future improvements. It compiles insights from the lessons learned register, providing a structured overview of what worked well and what could be improved in future projects.

经验教训文档是在项目结束时创建的正式报告，用于总结关键要点，成功经验，挑战和对未来改进的建议。它汇编了经验教训登记册的见解，提供了一个结构化的概述，说明哪些工作做得很好，哪些可以在未来的项目中改进。

This document typically includes sections such as project objectives, major achievements, issues encountered, risk management effectiveness, team collaboration and suggested best practices. By reviewing and applying the lessons from this document, organizations can refine their project management strategies and improve overall efficiency in future initiatives.

本文档通常包括项目目标、主要成就、遇到的问题、风险管理有效性、团队协作和建议的最佳实践等部分。通过审查和应用本文档的经验教训，组织可以完善其项目管理策略，并在未来的计划中提高整体效率。

What Is a Lessons Learned Meeting?

什么是经验教训会议？

A lessons learned meeting is a structured discussion held during or at the end of a project to review experiences, challenges and successes. The goal is to capture key takeaways, improve future project performance and prevent recurring issues.

经验教训会议是在项目期间或结束时举行的结构化讨论，以回顾经验，挑战和成功。目标是捕捉关键要点，提高未来的项目绩效并防止重复出现问题。

During the meeting, team members and stakeholders share insights on what worked well, what didn’t and areas for improvement. Topics typically include project planning, execution, communication, risk management and stakeholder engagement. The findings from this meeting are documented in a lessons learned register and later compiled into a lessons learned document for future reference.

在会议期间，团队成员和利益相关者分享了关于哪些工作良好，哪些工作不顺利以及需要改进的领域的见解。主题通常包括项目规划，执行，沟通，风险管理和利益相关者参与。这次会议的结果记录在经验教训登记册中，随后汇编成经验教训文件，供今后参考。

What to Include in a Lessons Learned Document

经验教训文档中应包括的内容

Use the lessons learned document to capture key insights from a project. It helps teams improve processes and avoid repeating past mistakes. It serves as a valuable reference for future projects, ensuring continuous improvement in project management. Below are the essential components to include in a lessons learned document.

使用 “经验教训” 文档从项目中获取关键见解。它可以帮助团队改进流程，避免重复过去的错误。它为未来的项目提供了有价值的参考，确保了项目管理的持续改进。以下是经验教训文件中要包括的基本组成部分。

Project Information: This section provides basic project details, such as the project name, objectives, timeline, team members and stakeholders. It helps establish context for the lessons learned and ensures clarity for future reference.

项目信息: 本节提供基本的项目详细信息，如项目名称、目标、时间表、团队成员和干系人。它有助于建立经验教训的背景，并确保今后参考的清晰度。

Lessons Learned Descriptions: Each lesson is documented with a clear description of what happened, including successes, challenges and unexpected outcomes. These descriptions highlight key takeaways and provide insights into what worked well and what didn’t.

经验教训描述: 每个课程都有明确的描述，包括成功，挑战和意想不到的结果。这些描述突出了关键要点，并提供了哪些效果良好，哪些效果不好的见解。

Lessons Learned Categories: Organizing lessons into categories—such as planning, execution, communication, risk management and resource allocation—helps structure the document for easy reference and analysis. This makes it easier to identify patterns and areas for improvement.

经验教训类别: 将经验教训组织成类别-例如计划，执行，沟通，风险管理和资源分配-有助于构建文档，以便于参考和分析。这使得更容易识别模式和需要改进的地方。

Impact, Metrics and KPIs: This section quantifies the impact of lessons learned using key performance indicators (KPIs), metrics or qualitative assessments. It helps teams understand how specific lessons influenced the project’s success or challenges.

影响、指标和kpi: 本节使用关键绩效指标 (kpi) 、指标或定性评估来量化经验教训的影响。它可以帮助团队了解具体的经验教训如何影响项目的成功或挑战。

Action Items for Current Project: This section outlines immediate actions or adjustments that should be implemented before the project officially closes. It ensures that identified issues are addressed and any remaining improvements are applied in the final stages.

当前项目的行动项目: 本节概述了在项目正式关闭之前应立即采取的行动或进行的调整。它确保已发现的问题得到解决，并在最后阶段应用任何剩余的改进。

Action Items for Future Projects: Documenting recommended actions for future projects helps teams build on past experiences. These action items provide best practices, strategies for risk mitigation and process improvements to enhance future project outcomes.

未来项目的行动项目: 记录未来项目的建议行动有助于团队建立在过去的经验基础上。这些行动项目提供了最佳实践，风险缓解策略和流程改进，以增强未来的项目成果。

Why Are Lessons Learned Important in Project Management?

为什么经验教训在项目管理中很重要？

Lessons learned play a crucial role in continuous improvement, ensuring that project teams build on past experiences to enhance future project performance. By identifying what worked well and what didn’t, organizations can refine their processes, improve efficiency and avoid repeating mistakes.

经验教训在持续改进中起着至关重要的作用，确保项目团队以过去的经验为基础，以提高未来的项目绩效。通过识别哪些工作正常，哪些工作不正常，组织可以改进他们的流程，提高效率，避免重复错误。

Capturing lessons learned also supports better decision-making by providing valuable insights into risk management, resource allocation and stakeholder communication. This helps teams anticipate potential challenges and implement best practices, leading to more successful project outcomes.

获取经验教训还可以通过提供有关风险管理，资源分配和利益相关者沟通的宝贵见解来支持更好的决策。这有助于团队预测潜在的挑战并实施最佳实践，从而获得更成功的项目成果。

Additionally, lessons learned foster a culture of learning and accountability, encouraging teams to reflect on their work and contribute to organizational growth. When effectively documented and applied, they strengthen project management frameworks, leading to more streamlined workflows, higher-quality deliverables and increased overall success rates.

此外，吸取的经验教训培养了学习和问责的文化，鼓励团队反思他们的工作，并为组织发展做出贡献。当有效地记录和应用它们时，它们会加强项目管理框架，从而导致更简化的工作流程，更高质量的可交付成果并提高整体成功率。

Who Is Responsible for Documenting the Lessons Learned of a Project?

谁负责记录项目的经验教训？

The project manager is primarily responsible for documenting the lessons learned from a project. They facilitate discussions, gather input from team members and stakeholders and ensure that insights are accurately recorded in a lessons learned register and final lessons learned document.

项目经理主要负责记录从项目中获得的经验教训。他们促进讨论，收集团队成员和利益相关者的意见，并确保将见解准确记录在经验教训登记册和最终经验教训文件中。

However, documenting lessons learned is a collaborative effort. Team members, functional leads and stakeholders contribute by sharing their experiences, successes and challenges throughout the project. A project management office (PMO), if available, may also assist in standardizing and maintaining organizational knowledge for future projects.

然而，记录经验教训是一项协作努力。团队成员，职能领导和利益相关者通过在整个项目中分享他们的经验，成功和挑战来做出贡献。项目管理办公室 (PMO)，如果有的话，也可以帮助标准化和维护未来项目的组织知识。

Lessons Learned Register Template

经验教训登记册模板

To apply what we’ve explored in this blog, download this free lessons learned register template for Excel. This fully customizable document can be edited to fit the particular process of any organization.

要应用我们在本博客中探讨的内容，请下载这个免费的Excel经验教训注册模板。这个完全可定制的文档可以进行编辑，以适应任何组织的特定流程。

Our template is formatted into a chart that has columns and rows. The columns start by determining whether what is being described is a win or an issue. Then, there’s space to describe it as well as the impact. After that, explain how the project will respond differently in the future and list the action items to implement that plan.

我们的模板被格式化为具有列和行的图表。这些列首先确定所描述的是胜利还是问题。然后，有空间来描述它以及影响。之后，解释项目将来会如何做出不同的反应，并列出实施该计划的行动项目。

Lessons Learned Example

经验教训示例

To better understand what is meant by lessons learned and how to apply this concept, we’ve described an example of how it could play out in a real-life situation.

为了更好地理解经验教训的含义以及如何应用这一概念，我们已经描述了一个例子，说明它如何在现实生活中发挥作用。

Project: Website Redesign for an E-Commerce Business

项目: 电子商务企业的网站重新设计

Lesson Learned: Ineffective communication delayed the project timeline

经验教训: 无效沟通延迟了项目时间表

Description: During the website redesign project, delays occurred due to misalignment between the development team and stakeholders. Requirements were frequently updated without clear communication, leading to rework and missed deadlines.

描述: 在网站重新设计项目期间，由于开发团队和利益相关者之间的不一致而导致延迟。需求经常在没有明确沟通的情况下更新，导致返工和错过最后期限。

Impact: The project timeline was extended by four weeks, increasing costs and delaying the launch.

影响: 项目时间表延长了四周，增加了成本并推迟了启动时间。

Recommendation for Future Projects: Implement a structured communication plan, including weekly status meetings, a centralized project management tool and clear documentation of requirement changes to ensure all teams stay aligned.

对未来项目的建议: 实施结构化的沟通计划，包括每周状态会议，集中的项目管理工具和明确的需求变更文档，以确保所有团队保持一致。

Related Project Management Templates

相关项目管理模板

The lessons learned register is only one of over 100 free project management templates for Excel and Word that cover all aspects of managing projects across multiple industries. Below are a few that can help when reviewing projects.

经验教训登记簿只是Excel和Word的100多个免费项目管理模板之一，涵盖了跨多个行业管理项目的所有方面。下面是一些可以帮助审查项目。

Project Closure Template

项目结束模板

Download this free project closure template for Word to formally conclude a project by summarizing its outcomes, evaluating its success and documenting key takeaways. It ensures that all project deliverables are completed, stakeholder approvals are secured and lessons learned are captured for future reference.

下载这个免费的Word项目结束模板，通过总结其成果，评估其成功并记录关键要点来正式结束项目。它确保完成所有项目可交付成果，确保利益相关者的批准，并获取经验教训以供将来参考。

Risk Register Template

风险登记册模板

A risk register template is a tool used to identify, assess and track risks throughout the lifecycle of a project. Use this free risk register template for Excel to document potential risks, their impact, likelihood and the actions required to mitigate or manage them.

风险登记模板是用于在项目的整个生命周期中识别、评估和跟踪风险的工具。使用此免费的Excel风险登记模板记录潜在风险、其影响、可能性以及缓解或管理风险所需的措施。

RAID Log Template

RAID日志模板

Use this free RAID log template for Excel to track and manage risks, assumptions, issues and dependencies (RAID) throughout a project. It helps project teams identify, assess and mitigate potential challenges and ensure smooth project execution.

使用此免费的Excel RAID日志模板跟踪和管理整个项目中的风险，假设，问题和依赖关系 (RAID)。它帮助项目团队识别、评估和缓解潜在挑战，并确保项目顺利执行。

How to Manage Projects With ProjectManager

如何使用ProjectManager管理项目

Lessons learned have a specific goal, and that is to manage future projects better. While templates are fine for collecting the data around a completed project as teams and stakeholders parse what worked and what didn’t work, they’re less helpful in implementing the action items that are generated from the process. Project management software is made for planning, managing and tracking projects. ProjectManager is award-winning project and portfolio management software that has multiple project views to schedule and execute tasks across teams. More than that, it can manage resources and track progress in real time to keep projects on schedule.

经验教训有一个特定的目标，那就是更好地管理未来的项目。虽然模板可以很好地收集已完成项目的数据，因为团队和利益相关者可以解析哪些工作和哪些不工作，但它们在实现从流程生成的操作项时没有多大帮助。项目管理软件用于计划，管理和跟踪项目。ProjectManager是屡获殊荣的项目和项目组合管理软件，具有多个项目视图，可跨团队安排和执行任务。更重要的是，它可以管理资源并实时跟踪进度，以使项目按计划进行。

Keep Teams Productive With Resource Management Features

利用资源管理功能使团队保持高效工作

The action items that come from a lessons learned document influence the next project plan. But if that plan doesn’t keep to the schedule or the budget, they’re not doing what they were intended to do. Managing resources is paramount to delivering successful projects. That starts with scheduling human and nonhuman resources on the Gantt chart. When onboarding project teams, project managers can set their availability, which makes it easier to assign the right task to the right resource at the right time.

来自经验教训文件的行动项目会影响下一个项目计划。但是，如果该计划不符合时间表或预算，他们就不会做他们打算做的事情。管理资源对于交付成功的项目至关重要。首先要在甘特图上安排人力和非人力资源。当项目团队入职时，项目经理可以设置他们的可用性，这使得在正确的时间将正确的任务分配给正确的资源变得更加容易。

A color-coded workload chart shows resource allocation across all projects, making it easy to see who’s overallocated or underutilized. The team workload can be balanced without leaving the chart. There’s even a team page with daily and weekly overviews of team activity that can be filtered by priority, progress and tasks can be updated without leaving the page.

彩色编码的工作负载图显示了所有项目的资源分配，从而可以轻松查看谁分配过多或未充分利用。团队工作量可以在不离开图表的情况下平衡。甚至还有一个团队页面，其中包含团队活动的每日和每周概述，可以按优先级过滤，进度和任务可以在不离开页面的情况下更新。

Monitor Progress and More With Real-Time Dashboards and Reports

使用实时仪表板和报告监控进度等

Resources are just one metric to measure to keep projects on track. Project managers can get a high-level overview of KPIs, such as time, cost, workload and more on the real-time project or portfolio dashboards. The easy-to-read graphs and charts quickly help discern that important information. For more detail, use customizable reports on project or portfolio status, variance, timesheets, workload and more. Each can be filtered to focus on key data points or provide a more general summary that can be shared with stakeholders to keep them updated. Even our secure timesheets help by tracking labor costs to keep to the budget.

资源只是一个衡量标准，以保持项目的正轨。项目经理可以在实时项目或项目组合仪表板上获得kpi的高级概述，例如时间，成本，工作量等。易于阅读的图形和图表可快速帮助识别重要信息。有关更多详细信息，请使用有关项目或组合状态，差异，时间表，工作量等的可自定义报告。每个都可以进行过滤，以专注于关键数据点，或者提供更一般的摘要，可以与利益相关者共享以保持更新。甚至我们的安全时间表也可以通过跟踪劳动力成本来帮助保持预算。

Related Content

相关内容

Lessons learned are one way to understand issues when closing out a project. Many more project documents and issue logs can be useful. For those looking to read more about this subject, check out the links below.

经验教训是在结束项目时理解问题的一种方式。更多的项目文档和问题日志可能是有用的。对于那些希望阅读更多关于这个主题的人，请查看下面的链接。

Project Documentation: 15 Essential Documents

项目文件: 15个基本文件

What Is a RAID Log and Why Should I Use One?

什么是RAID日志，为什么要使用？

7 Steps to Project Closure (Checklist Included)

项目收尾的7个步骤 (包括清单)

What Is an Issue Log? Templates & Tips

什么是问题日志？模板和提示

What Is a Risk Register & How to Create One

什么是风险登记册以及如何创建一个

ProjectManager is online project and portfolio management software that connects teams whether they’re in the office or out in the field. They can share files, comment at the task level and stay up to date with email and in-app notifications. Join teams at Avis, Nestle and Siemens who use our software to deliver successful projects. Get started with ProjectManager today for free.

ProjectManager是在线项目和投资组合管理软件，可以连接团队，无论他们是在办公室还是在现场。他们可以共享文件，在任务级别发表评论，并通过电子邮件和应用内通知保持最新状态。加入Avis、雀巢和西门子的团队，他们使用我们的软件交付成功的项目。立即免费开始使用ProjectManager。