氢能源下的氯碱行业 未来发展趋势喜忧参半
The future development trend of chlor-alkali industry under hydrogen energy is mixed
在“碳中和”背景下氢能源因其独特优势在未来发展空间巨大，但运输及储存问题制约氢能源的大规模的应用。从制氢技术上看，主要包括化石能源、工业副产及电解水，其中工业副产制氢在成本和减排方面有显著优势，但从中长期看，工业副产氢多为产业循环利用，且未来包括氯碱及焦炉新增投产产能受限，供给端很难有大幅度的提升。对于传统氯碱公司而言，氢能源并不是它们主要业务来源，而是将氢气用来消耗富裕的氯气中，氢能源对于其短期业绩影响幅度较小，另外虽然未来氢燃料汽车及燃料电池将成为国内主要氢能需求，但其产业前期投资较大，对于一般氯碱化工企业而言跨行参与的可能性也不大。
Under the background of "carbon neutrality", hydrogen energy has huge development space in the future due to its unique advantages, but transportation and storage problems restrict the large-scale application of hydrogen energy. From the perspective of hydrogen production technology, it mainly includes fossil energy, industrial by-products and electrolyzed water, of which industrial by-product hydrogen production has significant advantages in cost and emission reduction, but in the medium and long term, industrial by-product hydrogen is mostly industrial recycling, and the new production capacity including chlor-alkali and coke ovens in the future is limited, and it is difficult for the supply side to be greatly improved. For traditional chlor-alkali companies, hydrogen energy is not their main source of business, but to consume rich chlorine, hydrogen energy has little impact on its short-term performance, and although hydrogen fuel vehicles and fuel cells will become the main domestic hydrogen energy demand in the future, but its industrial early investment is large, for the general chlor-alkali chemical enterprises are not likely to participate across banks.
1、氢能源战略意义
1. Strategic significance of hydrogen energy
氢能是一种来源丰富、绿色低碳、应用广泛的二次能源。从来源上看，地球上只有极少量游离状态氢，多以二次能源存在，可通过煤炭、石油、天然气等化石能源重整制取，焦化、氯碱等工业副产以及电解水制取（与可再生能源发电结合，如光电解、风能电解等）。从环保低碳角度上看，氢气燃烧不产生二氧化碳、二氧化硫等，能有效缓解温室效应和环境污染，目前我国能源消费结构中原煤占比超过 50%，为实现“碳中和”目标，未来清洁能源比重必须提升，同时氢气热值约为传统能源的3 倍，是除核能以外热值最高的燃料。从应用角度上看，氢能广泛用于能源、交输、工业及建筑等领域，如为冶金等工业提供还原剂等；转化为燃料电池技术用于汽车等交运。
Hydrogen energy is a secondary energy source with abundant sources, green and low-carbon, and widely used. From the source point of view, there is only a very small amount of free hydrogen on the earth, mostly as secondary energy, which can be produced by coal, oil, natural gas and other fossil energy reforming, coking, chlor-alkali and other industrial by-products and electrolysis of water (combined with renewable energy power generation, such as photoelectrolysis, wind energy electrolysis, etc.). From the perspective of environmental protection and low carbon, hydrogen combustion does not produce carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, etc., can effectively alleviate the greenhouse effect and environmental pollution, at present China's energy consumption structure raw coal accounted for more than 50%, in order to achieve the goal of "carbon neutrality", the proportion of clean energy in the future must be increased, and the calorific value of hydrogen is about 3 times that of traditional energy, which is the highest calorific value fuel in addition to nuclear energy. From the application point of view, hydrogen energy is widely used in energy, transportation, industry and construction and other fields, such as providing reducing agents for metallurgical and other industries; Conversion to fuel cell technology for transportation such as automobiles.
国际可再生能源机构（IRENA）预计2050 年全球氢能产量达到 6.14 亿吨/年，在能源消耗中的占比接近12%。但当前液氢的储存和运输一直是制约氢能源大规模应用的瓶颈，目前国内液氢主要用于航天燃料以及氢能源汽车等领域，尚未形成商业规模化，未来突破氢能核心供给及运输技术形成规模化产业对于国家战略意义不言而喻。
The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) expects global hydrogen production to reach 614 million tonnes/year in 2050, accounting for nearly 12% of energy consumption. However, the current storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen has always been a bottleneck restricting the large-scale application of hydrogen energy, at present, domestic liquid hydrogen is mainly used in aerospace fuel and hydrogen energy vehicles and other fields, has not yet formed a commercial scale, the future breakthrough of hydrogen energy core supply and transportation technology to form a large-scale industry for the national strategic significance is self-evident.
2、氢能源发展现状
2. Development status of hydrogen energy
2.1氢能源产业链介绍
2.1 Introduction to Hydrogen Energy Industry Chain
氢能产业链分别为上游制氢企业、中游储运以及下游用氢企业。我国是世界上最大的制氢国，年产量约 3300 万吨，在供给端，我国的富裕煤炭资源提供了大规模、低成本的氢源供给。另外我国可再生能源装机量全球位列第一，由于地域影响我国每年在风电、光伏、水电等可再生能源上弃电达到1000 亿千瓦时，如这部分弃电在当地用于电解水，则可制氢能源约 200 万吨，未来随着我国可在生能源装机规模的不断扩大，其有望成为我国氢源供给的主要来源。在需求端，氢能源汽车是目前我国氢能最主要应用领域，丰富的来源供给为氢燃料电池发展初期提供低成本支持。在中游运输端，主要以管道运输和液态槽车，气态氢运输的最大缺点是体积能量密度较低，氢气专输管道单位投资大约是天然气管道的3倍，另外由于储存时间相较于传统能源也短，导致目前氢能源生产和应用多是就近发生，未来大规模氢能储运体系的建立将成为发展氢经济的基础之一。
The hydrogen energy industry chain is divided into upstream hydrogen production enterprises, midstream storage and transportation enterprises and downstream hydrogen enterprises. China is the world's largest hydrogen producer, with an annual output of about 33 million tons, and on the supply side, China's rich coal resources provide a large-scale, low-cost hydrogen source supply. In addition, China's renewable energy installed capacity ranks first in the world, due to the geographical impact of our country in wind power, photovoltaic, hydropower and other renewable energy curtailment power up to 100 billion kilowatt hours, such as this part of the abandoned electricity in the local area for electrolysis of water, can produce hydrogen energy about 2 million tons, the future with the continuous expansion of China's renewable energy installed capacity, it is expected to become the main source of hydrogen source supply in China. On the demand side, hydrogen energy vehicles are currently the most important application field of hydrogen energy in China, and the abundant source supply provides low-cost support for the early stage of hydrogen fuel cell development. In the midstream transportation end, mainly pipeline transportation and liquid tank cars, the biggest disadvantage of gaseous hydrogen transportation is low volumetric energy density, hydrogen pipeline unit investment is about 3 times that of natural gas pipelines, and because the storage time is shorter than traditional energy, resulting in the current hydrogen energy production and application is mostly nearby, the establishment of large-scale hydrogen energy storage and transportation system in the future will become one of the foundations for the development of hydrogen economy.
2.2氢能源生产工艺
2.2 hydrogen energy production proc
氢气目前主要由三种主流制取路径：
At present, hydrogen is mainly produced by three mainstream routes:
（1）以煤炭、天然气为代表的化石能源制氢；
(1) Hydrogen production from fossil energy represented by coal and natural gas;
（2）以焦炉煤气、氯碱尾气、丙烷脱氢为代表的工业副产气制氢；
(2) Hydrogen production from industrial by-product gas represented by coke oven gas, chlor-alkali tail gas and propane dehydrogenation;
（3）电解水制氢，其他如生物质制氢、太阳能光催化分解水制氢、核能制氢等仍处于试验阶段，尚未形成工业化应用。目前化石能源重整制氢和工业副产气制氢在生产的过程中会排放大量的二氧化碳，因此多需要结合碳捕捉及封存技术（CCUS）减少二氧化碳排放；可再生能源电解水制取的氢气则几乎没有碳排放，是未来重点发展工艺。
(3) Hydrogen production by electrolysis of water, other such as biomass hydrogen production, solar photocatalytic water splitting hydrogen production, nuclear hydrogen production, etc. are still in the experimental stage and have not yet formed industrial applications. At present, hydrogen production from fossil energy reforming and hydrogen production from industrial by-product gas emits a large amount of carbon dioxide in the production process, so it is necessary to combine carbon capture and storage technology (CCUS) to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Hydrogen produced by electrolysis of water from renewable energy has almost no carbon emissions and is a key development process in the future.
目前全球主流的制氢方式仍旧是化石能源制氢，国外主要以天然气制氢，我国则主要是煤制氢，未来伴随着我国在光伏、风电等清洁能源上的大力发展，“绿氢”将成为主要方式。
At present, the mainstream hydrogen production mode in the world is still fossil energy hydrogen production. In foreign countries, natural gas is mainly used for hydrogen production, while in China, coal is mainly used for hydrogen production. In the future, with the vigorous development of clean energy such as photovoltaic and wind power in China,"green hydrogen" will become the main mode.
煤制氢是我国工业大规模制氢的首选方式之一，将煤炭经过高温气化生成合成气（氢气+一氧化碳）、加入水蒸气与一氧化碳反应后转变为氢气+二氧化碳，脱硫提纯后得到氢气。优点在于技术成熟、原料成本低、装置规模大等，但配套装置多、投资大、产氢效率偏低、二氧化碳排放大，因此煤制氢适合中央工厂规模化集中制氢平摊成本。
Hydrogen production from coal is one of the preferred methods for large-scale industrial hydrogen production in China. Coal is gasified at high temperature to generate synthesis gas (hydrogen + carbon monoxide), which is converted into hydrogen + carbon dioxide after adding water vapor to react with carbon monoxide, and hydrogen is obtained after desulfurization and purification. The advantages are mature technology, low raw material cost, large device scale, etc., but there are many supporting devices, large investment, low hydrogen production efficiency and large carbon dioxide emission. Therefore, coal hydrogen production is suitable for large-scale centralized hydrogen production in central factories to share the cost.
天然气制氢主要则是将天然气与水蒸气重整制得以合成气（氢气+一氧化碳+二氧化碳），再经过一氧化碳变换以及提纯获得氢气。天然气制氢是化石能源制氢中最环保的工艺路径，相较煤制氢而言，天然气制氢投资成本更低、氢气产率更高，且二氧化碳排放量更低。但中国进口天然气需求较大，制氢成本受天然气价格的波动影响较大，国内天然气制氢的经济性低于国外。
Natural gas hydrogen production is mainly to convert natural gas and water vapor to synthesize gas (hydrogen + carbon monoxide + carbon dioxide), and then through carbon monoxide transformation and purification to obtain hydrogen. Natural gas hydrogen production is the most environmentally friendly process path for fossil energy hydrogen production, compared with coal hydrogen production, natural gas hydrogen production has lower investment costs, higher hydrogen production rate, and lower carbon dioxide emissions. However, China's demand for imported natural gas is large, and the cost of hydrogen production is greatly affected by the fluctuation of natural gas prices, and the economy of domestic natural gas hydrogen production is lower than that of foreign countries.
工业副产制制氢就是将富含氢气的工业尾气（包括氯碱工业副产气、焦炉煤气、轻烃裂解副产气）作为原料，回收提纯制氢。
Hydrogen production from industrial by-products refers to the recovery and purification of hydrogen-rich industrial tail gas (including chlor-alkali industrial by-product gas, coke oven gas and light hydrocarbon cracking by-product gas) as raw materials.
（1）氯碱副产制氢是氯碱厂以食盐水为原料，采用离子膜电解槽，生产出烧碱、氯气以及副产品氢气，该工艺具备能耗低、投资少、产品纯度高、无污染等优势。
(1) Chlor-alkali by-product hydrogen production refers to the production of caustic soda, chlorine and by-product hydrogen by using ionic membrane electrolyzer with salt water as raw material in chlor-alkali plant. This process has the advantages of low energy consumption, less investment, high product purity and no pollution.
（2）焦炉煤气则是经过原料理缩、净化分离等五道工序，理论上国内焦炉煤气制取氢气空间最大，但焦化企业循环利用系统通常较为完善，大部分焦化气已实现充分利用，实际可提纯并对外供应的供氢气量有限。
(2) Coke oven gas goes through five processes such as original cooking, condensation, purification and separation. Theoretically, the domestic coke oven gas has the largest space for hydrogen production, but the recycling system of coking enterprises is usually relatively perfect, most coking gas has been fully utilized, and the actual hydrogen supply that can be purified and supplied to the outside is limited.
（3）轻烃裂解制氢主要有丙烷脱氢（PDH）和乙烷裂解两种路径：PDH是丙烷通过合适催化剂作用发生脱氧反应，从中获取丙烯和氢气。大大减少碳排放量，且氢气纯度高与下游燃料电池应用市场紧密贴合。乙烷裂解是通过压缩分离等得到乙烯及氢气在内的其他副产气，主要集中在北美、中东和东南亚，我国尚未形成规模。
(3) Hydrogen production by light hydrocarbon cracking mainly includes propane dehydrogenation (PDH) and ethane cracking:PDH is the deoxygenation of propane over a suitable catalyst to yield propylene and hydrogen. Greatly reduce carbon emissions, and high purity of hydrogen and downstream fuel cell application market closely fit. Ethylene and other by-product gases including hydrogen are obtained from ethane cracking through compression and separation, which are mainly concentrated in North America, Middle East and Southeast Asia, and have not yet formed a scale in China.
短期来看，工业副产制氢是氢气制取的最佳途径之一，在成本和减排方面有显著优势，在氢能产业尚处于发展的初期阶段，适于规模化推广发展。但从中长期看工业副产氢多为设备循环利用，且供给量相对整体需求量而言较少，另外由于“碳中和”，未来氯碱及焦炉装置新增产能受限，供给端很难有大幅度的提升，外销应用于其他行业的比例较少
In the short term, hydrogen production by industrial by-product is one of the best ways to produce hydrogen, which has significant advantages in terms of cost and emission reduction. The hydrogen energy industry is still in the initial stage of development and is suitable for large-scale promotion and development. However, in the medium and long term, most of the industrial by-product hydrogen is recycled by equipment, and the supply is relatively small compared with the overall demand. In addition, due to "carbon neutralization," the new production capacity of chlor-alkali and coke oven devices in the future is limited, so it is difficult to greatly improve the supply end, and the proportion of export application to other industries is small
电解水制氢工艺主要是将水分子解离为氢气与氧气，可分为碱性电解水、质子交换膜电解水、固体氧化物电解水三种，由于技术原因目前均未实现规模化应用。电价是影响电解水成本的主要因素，成本占比接近70%，未来氢能源与可再生能源结合将成为主要的制氢模式，根据氢促会预测，十四五期间，我国将大力发展可再生能源电解水制氢试点，氢气平均制备成本降至20元/kg；到2030年，国内电解水制氢规模将达到75GW左右，氢气平均制备成本降至15元/kg左右；到2050年，我国将以可再生能源发电制氢为主，氢气平均制备成本降至10元/kg。
The hydrogen production process of electrolysis of water is mainly to dissociate water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen, which can be divided into three types: alkaline electrolyzed water, proton exchange membrane electrolyzed water, and solid oxide electrolyzed water, which have not yet achieved large-scale application due to technical reasons. Electricity price is the main factor affecting the cost of electrolyzed water, the cost accounts for nearly 70%, the future hydrogen energy and renewable energy combination will become the main hydrogen production mode, according to the forecast of the Hydrogen Promotion Council, during the 14th Five-Year Plan, China will vigorously develop renewable energy electrolysis water hydrogen production pilot, the average cost of hydrogen production to 20 yuan / kg; By 2030, the scale of hydrogen production from domestic electrolysis of water will reach about 75GW, and the average hydrogen production cost will be reduced to about 15 yuan/kg; By 2050, China will mainly produce hydrogen from renewable energy power generation, and the average cost of hydrogen production will be reduced to 10 yuan / kg.
3、氢能源应用展望
3. Application prospect of hydrogen energy
我国目前氢气产能约4100万吨/年，产量约3342万吨，换算热值占终端能源总量份额仅2.7%。据《中国氢能源及燃料电池产业白皮书2019/2020》数据，至2050年，我国氢气年需求量将提升至6000万吨，在终端能源体系中占比达10%；其中交通运输、工业领域、建筑及其他领域用氢占比分别达41%、57%、2%，在生产工艺中可再生能源制氢比例将达到70%。至2060年为实现碳中和目标，氢气年需求量将增加至1.3亿吨左右，在我国终端能源体系中占比达到20%。
China's current hydrogen production capacity is about 41 million tons / year, the output is about 33.42 million tons, and the converted calorific value accounts for only 2.7% of the total final energy share. According to the data of the "China Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cell Industry White Paper 2019/2020", by 2050, China's annual demand for hydrogen will increase to 60 million tons, accounting for 10% of the terminal energy system; Among them, hydrogen in transportation, industry, construction and other fields accounts for 41%, 57% and 2% respectively, and the proportion of renewable energy hydrogen production in the production process will reach 70%. By 2060, in order to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality, the annual demand for hydrogen will increase to about 130 million tons, accounting for 20% of China's terminal energy system.
上文提到氯碱厂以食盐水为原料，采用离子膜电解法生产出烧碱、氯气、以及副产品氢气。氯碱工业除了产出主要产品烧碱外，另外产出品液氯则属于剧毒化学品，一旦泄漏容易造成人员财产损失及环境污染，储存超过5吨就列为重大危险源，如何消耗氯气一直是行业所面临的问题。发达国家的氯碱产业依托大型石化装置，配套高附加值的有机氯产品消耗富余氯气，但国内氯碱企业产业链延伸较短，对有机氯产品开发力度不够，难以消化大量富余氯气，甚至部分氯碱企业以每吨补贴几百元的方式将氯气液化后外售，这对于企业的经营能力造成比较大的影响。从目前国内氯碱配套产业链来看，PVC(6441,36.00,0.56%)装置作为主要耗氯手段，PVC在液氯下游占比接近30%。
As mentioned above, the chlor-alkali plant uses salt water as raw material and uses ion membrane electrolysis to produce caustic soda, chlorine, and by-product hydrogen. In addition to the production of the main product caustic soda, the chlorine industry is a highly toxic chemical, once leakage is easy to cause loss of personnel and property and environmental pollution, storage of more than 5 tons is listed as a major source of danger, how to consume chlorine has always been a problem faced by the industry. The chlor-alkali industry in developed countries relies on large-scale petrochemical plants, supporting high value-added organochlorine products to consume surplus chlorine, but the domestic chlor-alkali enterprise industrial chain extension is short, the development of organochlorine products is not enough, it is difficult to digest a large amount of surplus chlorine, and even some chlor-alkali enterprises subsidize hundreds of yuan per ton to liquefy chlorine gas and sell it, which has a relatively large impact on the operating ability of enterprises. From the current domestic chlor-alkali supporting industrial chain, PVC (6441, 36.00, 0.56%) device as the main means of chlorine consumption, PVC in the downstream of liquid chlorine accounted for nearly 30%.
在PVC生产工艺中，乙烯法是通过乙烯和氯气结合生成二氯乙烷，在裂解为氯乙烯单体，最后成为PVC，而国内乙烯法装置较少，多采用电石法装置，这时氯气和氢气生成氯化氢，再与电石获得的乙炔聚合为氯乙烯单体，因此对于国内大多氯碱装置而言，离子膜电解产生氢气的主要目的是为了消耗氯气，而从氯碱工艺理论产出品中看到氯气的产量远多于氢气，因此部分企业甚至需要通过其他方式产生氢气来消耗富余的氯气。
In the PVC production process, the ethylene method is the combination of ethylene and chlorine to generate dichloroethane, which is cracked into vinyl chloride monomer, and finally becomes PVC, while the domestic ethylene method device is less, more calcium carbide method device, then chlorine and hydrogen to generate hydrogen chloride, and then polymerized with acetylene obtained by calcium carbide into vinyl chloride monomer, so for most domestic chlor-alkali plants, the main purpose of hydrogen produced by ion membrane electrolysis is to consume chlorine, and the production of chlorine gas is much more than hydrogen seen in the theoretical output of the chlor-alkali process. Therefore, some companies even need to produce hydrogen in other ways to consume excess chlorine.
整体来看，烧碱产能大概在4600万吨左右，其中接近一半的装置配套有PVC,那么对于此部分氯碱企业而言，产生的氢气多用于自身循环生产，而剩余装置产能如用理论产量来看，可产生57.5万吨左右的氢气，对整体需求量影响较小。目前多数氯碱企业仍是将氢气用于自身产业链发展，很少将专门生产氢能源用于外销产生利润，而且由于氢燃料电池以及氢能源汽车研发投入较大，对于传统化工企业而言介入新行业短期较难。
On the whole, the capacity of caustic soda is about 46 million tons, of which nearly half of the devices are equipped with PVC, so for this part of chlor-alkali enterprises, the generated hydrogen is mostly used for self-recycling production, while the remaining device capacity can generate about 575,000 tons of hydrogen according to the theoretical output, which has little impact on the overall demand. At present, most chlor-alkali enterprises still use hydrogen for the development of their own industrial chain, and rarely use hydrogen energy specially produced for export to generate profits. Moreover, due to large R & D investment in hydrogen fuel cell and hydrogen energy automobile, it is difficult for traditional chemical enterprises to intervene in new industries in a short term.
三总结
III. Summary
在“碳中和”背景下氢能源因其独特的优势在未来发展空间巨大，但由于运输及储存方面的技术问题制约氢能源的大规模的应用。从制氢技术上看，主要包括化石能源、工业副产及电解水，当前我国凭借着煤炭的资源禀赋成为全球最大的制氢国家，但由于其配套装置多投资大、二氧化碳排放大，更适合中央工厂规模化集中制氢来平摊成本，天然气制氢则相对于海外并无成本优势。工业副产制氢在成本和减排方面有显著优势，在产业发展初期阶段，适于规模化推广发展，但从中长期看工业副产氢多为设备循环利用，另外由于“碳中和”，未来氯碱及焦炉装置新增产能受限，供给端很难有大幅度的提升，外销氢能源应用于其他行业的比例较少。电解水制氢则是未来将成为主要的制氢方式，我国可再生能源的装机潜力较大，将弃电用于电解水制氢将缓解其成本过高劣势。
In the context of "carbon neutrality", hydrogen energy has huge room for development in the future due to its unique advantages, but due to technical problems in transportation and storage, the large-scale application of hydrogen energy is restricted. From the perspective of hydrogen production technology, mainly including fossil energy, industrial by-products and electrolyzed water, at present, China has become the world's largest hydrogen production country with the resource endowment of coal, but because of its supporting equipment with large investment and large carbon dioxide emissions, it is more suitable for large-scale centralized hydrogen production of central plants to share costs, and natural gas hydrogen production has no cost advantage over overseas. Industrial by-product hydrogen production has significant advantages in cost and emission reduction, in the early stage of industrial development, suitable for large-scale promotion and development, but in the medium and long term, industrial by-product hydrogen is mostly equipment recycling, and due to "carbon neutrality", the new production capacity of chlor-alkali and coke oven equipment in the future is limited, it is difficult to greatly improve the supply side, and the proportion of exported hydrogen energy used in other industries is less. Hydrogen production from electrolysis of water will become the main hydrogen production method in the future, and the installed potential of renewable energy in China is large, and the abandonment of electricity for hydrogen production by electrolysis of water will alleviate its high cost disadvantage.
整体来看，氯碱工业制氢产量占比有限，且多数烧碱企业是将氢气与副产品氯气结合作为配套PVC生产原料之一，从工艺上看吨烧碱配套产生氯气0.88吨、氢气0.025吨，因此对于部分氯碱企业而言，甚至需要通过其他方式获得氢气来消耗富裕的氯气，此外在“碳中和”背景下，烧碱和PVC电石法产能在未来均会受到限制，这也意味着氯碱副产氢气的产能将很难有大幅度的增长，目前对于传统的氯碱公司而言，氢能源并不是它们主要业务来源，中短期对于其业绩影响幅度较小，虽然未来氢燃料汽车及燃料电池将成为国内主要氢能需求，但其产业前期投资较大，对于一般氯碱化工企业而言跨行参与的可能性也不大。
Overall, chlor-alkali industrial hydrogen production accounted for a limited proportion, and most caustic soda enterprises are hydrogen and by-product chlorine combined as one of the supporting PVC production raw materials, from the process point of view tons of caustic soda supporting the production of chlorine 0.88 tons, hydrogen 0.025 tons, so for some chlor-alkali enterprises, even need to obtain hydrogen by other ways to consume rich chlorine, in addition, in the context of "carbon neutrality", caustic soda and PVC calcium carbide production capacity will be limited in the future. This also means that the production capacity of chlor-alkali by-product hydrogen will be difficult to have a significant growth, at present, for traditional chlor-alkali companies, hydrogen energy is not their main source of business, short and medium term for its performance impact is small, although the future hydrogen fuel vehicles and fuel cells will become the main domestic hydrogen energy demand, but its industrial early investment is large, for the general chlor-alkali chemical enterprises are not likely to participate across the bank.
