教育，实现国富民强的磅礴力量
Education, realizing the majestic power of enriching the country and strengthening the people
新征程，新起点，新远航。
New journey, new starting point and new voyage.
在这个关乎强国的宏大叙事中，教育成为磅礴力量。这力量，与党同心，与国同频，与时同行。
In this grand narrative about a powerful country, education has become a powerful force. This power is in line with the Party, the country and the times.
从党的二十大对教育作出新的战略部署到今年全国教育工作会议提出“强国建设、教育何为”时代课题，再到全国两会代表委员作答时代之问，教育强国的蓝图正一步步转化为“实景图”。
From the new strategic deployment of education made by the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China to this year's National Education Work Conference, which put forward the topic of "building a strong country, what is education for the times", and then to the representative members of the National People's Congress answering questions of the times, the blueprint of a strong country in education is transformed into a "real map" step by step.
回答时代课题——教育量出现代化进度
Answer the topic of the times-education measures the progress of modernization
在党的二十大擘画的蓝图中，明确到本世纪中叶把我国建成富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国，并提出到2035年建成教育强国。
In the blueprint of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, it is clear that China will be built into a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful socialist modern power by the middle of this century, and it is proposed to build an educational power by 2035.
“从历史上看，一个国家、一个民族能否抢占发展先机、赢得发展主动，关键取决于教育发展和国民素质水平。”全国人大代表，河南省教育厅党组书记、厅长毛杰说。
"Historically, whether a country or a nation can seize the opportunities of development and win the of development initiative depends on the development of education and the level of national quality." Mao Jie, deputy to the National People's Congress and Party Secretary and Director of Henan Education Department, said.
研究表明，人均受教育年限与人均GDP紧密相关。教育作为提升国民素质的主要途径，在中国式现代化建设和强国崛起进程中起着不可估量的重要作用。
The research shows that the per capita years of education are closely related to the per capita GDP. As the main way to improve the national quality, education plays an invaluable role in the process of Chinese path to modernization and the rise of a powerful country.
这样的共识存在于基础教育领域——
This consensus exists in the field of basic education-
“没有教育就没有科技、没有人才，何来强国？”在多年从事基础教育工作的全国人大代表、浙江省宁波市镇海中学党委书记张咏梅看来，万丈高楼平地起，教育是基石、是支撑。
"Without education, there is no science and technology, no talent, and how can we become a powerful country?" In the view of Zhang Yongmei, the party secretary of Zhenhai Middle School in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, a representative of the National People's Congress who has been engaged in basic education for many years, education is the cornerstone and support for the rise of a towering building.
这样的共识存在于职业教育领域——
This consensus exists in the field of vocational education-
“作为一种极具特色的类型教育，职业教育在推动我国实现从制造大国向制造强国转变过程中，扮演着‘关键先生’的角色。”全国人大代表、三峡旅游职业技术学院副院长杨德芹已持续5年为职业教育发声。在她看来，职业教育从来没有像今天这样深度服务科教兴国、乡村振兴等国家战略，成为实现共同富裕的利器。
"As a distinctive type of education, vocational education plays a key role in promoting China's transformation from a manufacturing power to a manufacturing power. "Yang Deqin, a deputy to the National People's Congress and vice president of the Three Gorges Tourism Vocational and Technical College, has spoken for vocational education for five years. In her view, vocational education has never served the national strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and rural revitalization in such depth as today, and has become a sharp tool for achieving common prosperity.
这样的共识存在于高等教育领域——
This consensus exists in the field of higher education-
全国人大代表、兰州大学校长严纯华认为，推动高等教育高质量发展是提高人民综合素质、促进人的全面发展的重要途径，是民族振兴、社会进步的重要基石，是对中华民族伟大复兴具有决定性意义的事业。
Yan Chunhua, deputy to the National People's Congress and president of Lanzhou University, believes that promoting the high-quality development of higher education is an important way to improve the comprehensive quality of the people and promote the all-round development of people, an important cornerstone of national rejuvenation and social progress, and a cause of decisive significance for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
无论是建设科技强国、人才强国，还是建设文化强国、体育强国、健康中国，都需要建设教育强国作为基础支撑。
Whether building a strong country in science and technology, talents, culture, sports and healthy China, it is necessary to build a strong country in education as the basic support.
教育，正按新的刻度丈量着中国式现代化的进度。
Education is measuring the progress of Chinese modernization according to the new scale.
成为关键力量——教育跑出创新加速度
Become a key force-education runs out of innovation acceleration
3月3日，天津大学。全国人大代表、天津大学党委书记杨贤金一见面，就开门见山：“没有科技创新，就没有发展。”
March 3rd, Tianjin University. Yang Xianjin, deputy to the National People's Congress and secretary of the Party Committee of Tianjin University, came straight to the point when he met: "Without scientific and technological innovation, there will be no development."
的确，科技从来没有像今天这样，深刻重构着我们的一切。
Indeed, technology has never reconstructed everything about us as deeply as it does today.
在今年全国教育工作会议上，教育部党组书记、部长怀进鹏指出，要深刻认识科技革命、产业变革的深入推进对教育变革提出的迫切要求，更好推动教育成为经济社会发展的基础支撑和关键力量。
At this year's National Education Work Conference, Huai Jinpeng, Secretary of the Party Leadership Group and Minister of the Ministry of Education, pointed out that we should have a deep understanding of the urgent requirements of the scientific and technological revolution and the in-depth promotion of industrial reform for educational reform, and better promote education as the basic support and key force for economic and social development.
“高校是教育、科技、人才的交汇点，是培养创新人才的主要阵地。”杨贤金指出，从世界范围来看，有70%以上的诺贝尔奖产生自各国高校;从国内看，高校获得国家科技三大奖稳居2/3以上，承担着超过80%的国家自然(社会)科学基金项目。
"Colleges and universities are the intersection of education, science and technology, and talents, and the main position for cultivating innovative talents. Yang Xianjin pointed out that, from a global perspective, more than 70% of the Nobel Prizes were awarded by colleges and universities in various countries; from a domestic perspective, colleges and universities have won more than 2/3 of the National Science and Technology Awards, and have undertaken more than 80% of the National Natural (Social) Science Fund projects.
上述数据表明，国家科技创新与兴办教育、办好教育、办一流的教育是密切相关的，教育是国家科技创新发展的不竭动力，释放出澎湃的新动能。
The above data show that national scientific and technological innovation is closely related to setting up education, running education well and running first-class education. Education is the inexhaustible motive force for the development of national scientific and technological innovation, releasing surging new kinetic energy.
新动能出现在基础研究领域——
New kinetic energy appears in the field of basic research-
全国政协委员、南京航空航天大学副校长施大宁指出，习近平总书记高度重视基础研究，基础学科是科技创新的母机、战略安全的底牌、民族复兴的血脉。任何一次科技革命和产业变革，都是以基础学科为先导的。
Shi Daning, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and vice president of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, pointed out that General Secretary attaches great importance to basic research, and basic disciplines are the mother machine of scientific and technological innovation, the card of strategic security and the blood of national rejuvenation. Any scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is guided by basic disciplines.
施大宁认为，基础研究的突破，第一，要有战略规划，需要大中小协同、需要整个科学体系协同;第二，要有宽松的氛围，特别是基础研究的评价;第三，要有开放的思维，放眼国际的广阔视野;第四，基础研究不单单是理工科的事，还要有文史哲等新文科的繁荣。
Shi Daning believes that the breakthrough of basic research is, first, the need for strategic planning, the coordination of large, small and medium-sized enterprises, and the coordination of the entire scientific system; second, the need for a relaxed atmosphere, especially the evaluation of basic research; third, the need for an open mind and a broad international perspective; fourth, basic research is not only a matter of science and engineering, but also the prosperity of new liberal arts such as literature, history and philosophy.
新动能出现在关键领域——
New kinetic energy appears in key areas-
全国人大代表、厦门大学党委书记张荣说，取得更多从“0”到“1”的重大原始创新，攻克前沿引领技术、关键共性技术及颠覆性技术，服务国家重大需求，是“双一流”建设高校推动学科建设的重要目标。
Zhang Rong, deputy to the National People's Congress and secretary of the Party Committee of Xiamen University, said that it is an important goal for "double first-class" universities to achieve more major original innovations from "0" to "1", overcome cutting-edge leading technologies, key common technologies and disruptive technologies, and serve the major needs of the country.
张荣给出了4点建议：一是主动对接国家科技战略布局;二是加大对基础学科长期稳定的支持;三是大力推动多学科交叉融合发展;四是建立适合基础学科发展的评价体系。
Zhang Rong gave four suggestions: First, actively dock the national science and technology strategic layout; The second is to increase support for the long-term stability of basic disciplines; The third is to vigorously promote the development of interdisciplinary integration; The fourth is to establish an evaluation system suitable for the development of basic disciplines.
新动能出现在协同创新领域——
New kinetic energy appears in the field of collaborative innovation-
“发展和壮大我国的未来产业，如何提高科技成果转化率和产业化水平至关重要。”在全国人大代表、合肥工大高科信息科技股份有限公司董事长魏臻看来，实现高效的产业化，一是要强化企业的科技创新主体地位，来源于市场需求的自主创新成果是转化率最高的;二是将企业、高校院所、科研机构紧密联合起来，打通研发链和产业链，深化产学研用深度融合，提高高校院所和科研机构科技成果转化的有效性;三是强化科技成果转化载体的建设，提升科技大市场服务能力。
How to improve the transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements and the level of industrialization are crucial for the future industry of China. From the perspective of the National People's Congress and Hefei University of Technology High-tech Information Technology Co., Ltd., to realize efficient industrialization is to strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation, and the highest conversion rate of independent new achievements floating in the market demand. The second is to closely combine enterprises, colleges and universities, and scientific research institutions, open up the R&D and industrial chain, and deepen the in-depth integration of production, research and application, To improve the effectiveness of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities and scientific research institutions, the third is to realize the establishment of the transformation body of scientific and technological achievements and improve the scientific and technological achievements.
从向科学进军，到科学技术是第一生产力，再到创新是第一动力，一脉相承的传承与递进，这是中国实现弯道超车的“深层密码”。
From marching into science, to science and technology being the primary productive force, and then to innovation being the first driving force, the inheritance and progression of the same strain is the "deep code" for China to overtake in corners.
教育，正与科技、人才交叉融合，在新赛道上跑出加速度。
Education is merging with science and technology and talents, and running out of acceleration on the new track.
满足人民需求——教育提升百姓的幸福度
Meet people's needs-education improves people's happiness
2022年，我国人口首次出现负增长。统计显示，2022年末全国人口14.12亿人，比上年减少85万人，60岁及以上人口增加1268万人，劳动年龄人口减少666万人。这表明，我国人口数量红利优势正在逐步衰退，如果没有人口质量红利触发第二次人口红利，我国经济增长将面临压力。
In 2022, China's population experienced negative growth for the first time. Statistics show that at the end of 2022, the population of China was 1.412 billion, a decrease of 850,000 compared with the previous year, an increase of 12.68 million for the population aged 60 and above, and a decrease of 6.66 million for the working-age population. This shows that China's demographic dividend advantage is gradually declining, and if there is no demographic quality dividend to trigger the second demographic dividend, China's economic growth will face pressure.
如何应对这一人口趋势乃至社会结构、区域发展的深刻变革？代表委员们给出的答案是：教育高质量发展。
How to deal with this population trend and even the profound changes in social structure and regional development? The answer given by the deputies is: high-quality development of education.
“面对人口出生减少趋势，着眼长远确定教育发展战略。”毛杰说，河南作为中部省份、全国第一教育人口大省，教育体量大、底子薄、基础弱，生均占有教育资源少，短期内仍面临着教育资源尤其是优质资源不足问题。
"In the face of the trend of population birth reduction, we should take a long-term view to determine the education development strategy. Mao Jie said that Henan, as a central province and the largest province with the largest education population in the country, has a large education volume, a weak foundation, and a small share of education resources per student. In the short term, it still faces the problem of insufficient education resources, especially high-quality resources.
毛杰说，这就要求我们应准确把握教育资源短期不足与长期可能过剩之间的矛盾，着眼长远科学规划教育资源配置，及时调整优化学校布局，着力构建符合人口变化趋势的高质量教育体系。
Mao Jie said that this requires us to accurately grasp the contradiction between short-term shortage and long-term possible surplus of educational resources, scientifically plan the allocation of educational resources in the long run, adjust and optimize the layout of schools in time, and strive to build a high-quality education system in line with the changing trend of population.
“教育，点石成金。”杨贤金说，即把人变为人才。高水平大学要持续创新人才培养模式，注重培养学生的创新思维和实践能力，全面提高人才培养质量，以人才优势支撑经济社会高质量发展，推动“人口红利”向“人才红利”转变，最大程度降低劳动力减少所带来的影响。
"Education, turning stone into gold." Yang Xianjin said, that is, turning people into talents. High-level universities should continuously innovate the talent training mode, pay attention to cultivating students' innovative thinking and practical ability, comprehensively improve the quality of talent training, support the high-quality economic and social development with talent advantages, promote the transformation from "demographic dividend" to "talent dividend", and minimize the impact of labor reduction.
“从理论上看，一个地区的经济发展取决于全要素生产率。”全国人大代表，贵州省委教育工委副书记，省教育厅党组书记、厅长邹联克认为，全要素生产率决定着经济内涵型发展程度和潜在增长率高低，本质是技术、人才等要素质量和资源配置效率。特别是作为经济欠发达地区，从根本上实现经济高质量发展，必须提供强有力的技术、人才支持，才能实现可持续的经济增长。因此，优质教育资源的均衡配置，在一定程度上有力促进区域的协调发展。
"Theoretically, the economic development of a region depends on total factor productivity. "Zou Lianke, a deputy to the National People's Congress, the deputy secretary of the Education Working Committee of the Guizhou Provincial Party Committee, and the secretary of the Party Leadership Group and the director of the Provincial Department of Education, believes that TFP determines the level of economic connotative development and potential growth rate, and is essentially the quality of technology, talent and other factors and the efficiency of resource allocation. Especially as an economically underdeveloped region, to fundamentally achieve high-quality economic development, strong technology and talent support must be provided to achieve sustainable development Economic growth. Therefore, the balanced allocation of high-quality education resources can effectively promote the coordinated development of regions to a certain extent.
不论是促进共同富裕，还是提高全要素生产率，都需要实现从量的增长转向质的发展，通过发展高质量教育，实现人的发展和社会发展相统一，更好汇聚起共同奋进的“人”的力量。
Whether it is to promote common prosperity or improve total factor productivity, it is necessary to realize the transition from quantitative growth to qualitative development, realize the unity of human development and social development by developing high-quality education, and better gather the strength of "people" who forge ahead together.
教育，是有粘度的，在柔性的腾挪间，粘住了人的和谐、社会的稳定、区域的协调。
Education has viscosity, which sticks to the harmony of people, the stability of society and the coordination of regions in the flexible movement.
坚持对外开放——教育迈出高水平合作的广度
Adhere to opening to the outside world-education has taken the breadth of high-level cooperation
习近平总书记强调，人类要破解共同发展难题，比以往任何时候都更需要国际合作和开放共享。
General Secretary emphasized that mankind needs international cooperation and open sharing more than ever before to solve the common development problems.
这一重要论断，张荣特别赞同：“开放合作是建设一流大学的必由之路，闭门造车建不成世界一流大学。当今大学，谁能够在全球竞争合作中利用好世界一流的资源，提高全球资源的配置能力，谁就能够取得先发优势，占领发展制高点。”
Zhang Rong particularly agrees with this important assertion: "Open cooperation is the only way to build a first-class university, and it is impossible to build a world-class university behind closed doors. In today's universities, whoever can make good use of world-class resources in global competition and cooperation and improve the allocation ability of global resources will be able to gain first-Mover advantage and occupy the commanding heights of development."
张荣介绍，厦门大学因开放而起、因开放而兴，自建校伊始便带有独特的开放基因。近年来，厦门大学坚持开放办学、融通中外，发挥“海丝、海峡、海洋”的特色优势，不断完善立体开放式办学格局，全面提升学校的全球竞争力和影响力。
According to Zhang Rong, Xiamen University started and prospered because of opening up, and has a unique open gene since its establishment. In recent years, Xiamen University has insisted on opening up schools, integrating Chinese and foreign countries, giving full play to the characteristic advantages of "Haisi, Straits and Oceans", constantly improving the three-dimensional open school-running pattern, and comprehensively enhancing the global competitiveness and influence of the school.
与张荣一样感受到开放带来的红利的还有邹联克。他以贵州为例，5年来，贵州坚持开门办学，认真答好人类命运共同体的“开放题”。坚持对外开放，借着中国—东盟教育交流周平台“东风”，构建以教育合作“领唱”、多行业多领域“合唱”的对外教育、科技、文化、卫生、体育、媒体、青少年交流一体的重要合作桥梁，为深化中国—东盟战略伙伴关系、助力中国—东盟共同体建设、助力“一带一路”建设发挥了积极作用。
Like Zhang Rong, Zou Lianke also felt the dividends brought by opening up. He took Guizhou as an example. Over the past five years, Guizhou has insisted on opening the door to run schools and earnestly answered the "open question" of a community with a shared future for mankind. Adhering to opening up, we have built an important cooperation bridge integrating education, science and technology, culture, health, sports, media, and youth exchanges with education cooperation as the "lead" and multi industry and multi field "chorus" by taking advantage of the "Dongfeng" platform of China ASEAN Education Exchange Week, which has played a positive role in deepening China ASEAN strategic partnership, helping the construction of China ASEAN community, and helping the construction of the "the Belt and Road".
除了开放合作，也有代表委员看到了自信与定力。
In addition to open cooperation, some deputies also saw confidence and determination.
“教育担负着文化传承创新的重要使命，要在传承弘扬优秀传统文化、深化中华文明探源工程等方面持续发力，回答好‘从哪里来、到哪里去’‘何以中国’等时代命题，切实增强民族自信心和自豪感。”毛杰说，我们要始终心怀“国之大者”，保持战略定力，既要坚持教育对外开放，更要坚持自立自强，坚定不移推进教育高质量发展。
Education is responsible for the important mission of cultural inheritance and innovation. We should continue to make efforts in inheriting and carrying forward excellent traditional culture, deepening the project of exploring the origin of Chinese civilization, answering the questions of where to come from and where to go, and strengthening national self-confidence and pride. Mao Jie said that we should always bear in mind the "great man of the country" and maintain strategic focus, not only adhere to the opening up of education, but also adhere to self-reliance and self-reliance, We will unswervingly promote the high-quality development of education.
建设教育强国，提升教育国际影响力，是我国构建人类命运共同体、高水平扩大对外开放的重要战略路径。
Building a strong country in education and enhancing the international influence of education are important strategic paths for China to build a community with shared future for mankind and expand opening up to the outside world at a high level.
教育，正携手不同大洲、不同肤色的人们，迈出命运与共的广度。
Education is joining hands with people of different continents and colors to share the breadth of destiny.
(本报记者 刘肖 蒋亦丰 陈欣然 熊杰 尹晓军 方梦宇 缪志聪对本文亦有贡献)
(Reporter Liu Xiao Jiang Yifeng Chen Xinran Xiong Jie Yin Xiaojun Meng Yu Yan Zhicong also contributed to this article)
作者：本报记者 禹跃昆
Author: Our reporter Yu Yuekun
《中国教育报》2023年03月07日第1版 版名：要闻
China Education News, March 7, 2023, 1st Edition Title: Highlights
