安徽亳州探索打造森林“四库”
Bozhou, Anhui province, to explore building "Four Forests"
2022年，安徽省亳州市坚持生态优先、绿色发展，以深化新一轮林长制改革为抓手，持续推进国土绿化行动，不断提升森林总量和质量，逐步增强森林碳汇能力，探索打造森林“四库”，助力实现“水库”增容、“钱库”增收、“粮库”增产、“碳库”增效。
Bozhou city, anhui province in 2022, adhere to the ecological priority, green development, to deepen the reform of the system of a new round of Lin long gripper, continue to promote afforestation campaign, constantly improving the quality of the total forest and, gradually enhance the capacity of forest carbon sinks, explore building forest "imperial", help to realize "reservoir", "library" increasing their capacities, "grain" production "carbon sinks", increase efficiency.
从优选优育优植上下功夫，打造增容型森林“水库”。依托120余个、20余万亩林木良种育苗基地，与安徽省林业科学研究院、中南林业科技大学、南京林业大学等单位开展技术合作，科学选育抗逆性强、生长迅速、适应性强、综合效益高、固碳能力强的树种。经科学选育，涡阳槐花、亳天花粉、蒙城篱笆黄花梨获批国家地理标志产品；涡阳泓森槐、泓森榆、泓森楝，利辛馨香木瓜及蒙城逍遥楝获批为国家认证植物新品种。大力推广种植选育的乡土树种，成活率达96%以上。坚持因地制宜、适地种树原则，以槐树等根系发达、枯叶吸水量大的乡土树种为主，在江淮运河两侧、沟河堤坝等水系两侧科学种植水土保持林和水源涵养林。其中，2022年在江淮运河两侧15公里范围内完成人工造林2300余亩。同时，围绕作业设计、整地造林、抚育经营等方面对全市人工造林、退化林修复和现有经济林等营造林水土保持措施落实情况进行实地排查，实现问题“零发生”。
From the optimization of optimal breeding and planting efforts, to create a capacity - increasing forest "reservoir". Relying on more than 120 seedling breeding bases with more than 200,000 mu of improved tree seeds, the company has carried out technical cooperation with Anhui Academy of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University and other units to scientifically breed tree species with strong stress resistance, rapid growth, strong adaptability, high comprehensive benefits and strong carbon fixation ability. Through scientific selection and breeding, Guoyang Sophorae, Botian pollen and Mengcheng Hedging Huanghua Pear were approved as national geographic indication products. Guoyang hongsen loci, Hongsen Elm, Hongsen neem, lixin xinxiang papaya and Mengcheng Xiaoyao Neem were approved as national certified new plant varieties. Vigorously promote planting and breeding of native tree species, survival rate of more than 96%. Adhere to the principle of planting trees in accordance with local conditions, with locust trees and other local trees with developed root systems and large water absorption capacity, planting soil and water conservation forests and water conservation forests scientifically on both sides of the River canal, gully, river dykes and other water systems. More than 2,300 mu will be planted within 15 kilometers on both sides of the Jianghuai Canal in 2022. At the same time, the implementation of afforestation and water and soil conservation measures such as artificial afforestation, restoration of degraded forests and existing economic forests in the city was investigated on the spot from aspects of operation design, land preparation and afforestation, and maintenance and management, so as to achieve "zero occurrence" of problems.
从林业产业发展上下功夫，打造增收型森林“钱库”。按照生态产业化、产业生态化的发展思路，探索建立生态产品价值实现机制，实现“点绿成金”，推进绿色转型发展。注重引进培育林业企业，实施靶向招商，将招商引资优惠政策服务覆盖惠及本土企业，积极扶持推动本土林业企业扩大经营规模。截至目前，亳州市已引进林业企业217家，培育林业大户575个，现有省级林业产业化龙头企业13家、省级农民林业专业合作社示范社6个。同时，注重发挥林业综合效益，着力打造城市生态屏障、休闲旅游胜地、森林康养基地，实现生态保护与生态价值互促共赢。2022年一季度，全市林业产业产值达14.69亿元，较2021年同期增加7.1%。
From the development of forestry industry, to create income - increasing forest "money bank". In accordance with the development ideas of ecological industrialization and industrial ecological development, explore the establishment of the value realization mechanism of ecological products, realize the "point green into gold", and promote the development of green transformation. Focus on introducing and cultivating forestry enterprises, implement targeted investment promotion, cover local enterprises with preferential policies for investment promotion, and actively support and promote local forestry enterprises to expand their business scale. Up to now, bozhou city already introduced forestry enterprise 217, cultivate forestry big family 575, existing provincial level forestry industrialization leading enterprise 13, provincial level farmer forestry professional cooperative demonstration 6. At the same time, we will give full play to the comprehensive benefits of forestry, and strive to build urban ecological barriers, leisure tourism resorts and forest health and conservation bases, so as to achieve win-win outcomes between ecological protection and ecological values. In the first quarter of 2022, the output value of the city's forestry industry reached 1.469 billion yuan, an increase of 7.1% compared with the same period in 2021.
从发展立体种养上下功夫，打造增产型森林“粮库”。因地制宜多模式探索发展林果及林下经济等立体种养模式，形成木本油料、林药、林菜、林禽、林旅、林下苗木花卉等共同发展的产业格局。加大财政投入，对集中连片的林菜、林果、林药等产业实施奖补。依托“企业+基地+农户”模式发展立体林业产业，推动规模化、精细化、专业化发展，实现资源增长、林业增效、农民增收。截至2021年底，亳州市已种植果林、木本油料、森林药材等各类经济林24万亩，年产量达8.3万吨；发展林下经济44.62万亩，年经济收入达8.9亿元，带动就业14万人。
From the development of three-dimensional planting and breeding efforts, to create an increase in yield of forest "grain depot". Explore the development of forest fruit and understory economy and other three-dimensional planting and breeding models according to local conditions, and form an industrial pattern of common development of woody oil, forest medicine, forest vegetables, forest birds, forest travel, understory seedlings and flowers. We will increase financial input and provide rewards and subsidies to the forest vegetable, fruit, and forest medicine industries. Relying on the model of "enterprise + base + peasant household", we will develop the three-dimensional forestry industry, promote large-scale, refined and professional development, and realize the increase of resources, forestry efficiency and peasant income. By the end of 2021, bozhou city has planted 240,000 mu of economic forests such as fruit forest, woody oil and forest medicinal materials, with an annual output of 83,000 tons. It has developed the undergrowth economy of 446,200 mu, generating an annual income of 890 million yuan and creating 140,000 jobs.
从增绿管绿护绿上下功夫，打造增效型森林“碳库”。基于江淮运河生态廊道建设，道路林网、河流林网、农田林网和村庄林网建设，“四旁四边四创”“五小园”建设，以及义务植树、矿山复绿等造林绿化活动，持续推进增绿补绿，筑牢生态屏障，提升生态承载力和固碳能力。针对造林空间不足问题，及时调整林业发展思路，将工作重点从规模化造林逐步转变为精细化经营，全面加强森林抚育、退化林修复等森林经营，提升森林生态产品供给能力，实现增质增效。2022年，亳州市共完成人工造林0.94万亩、森林抚育3.72万亩。建立健全“四级林长”责任体系，强化“林长+检察长”“林长+警长”协作机制，实现巡林治林护林全覆盖。印发《亳州市打击毁林专项行动实施方案》《亳州市森林督查暨林政执法综合管理系统案件查处整改“清零”工作实施方案》等文件，不断加强森林资源监管，依法打击违规破坏森林资源行为。深入推进林木采伐“放管服”改革工作，严格执行森林采伐限额制度；持续加强森林防火和林业有害生物防治工作，实现了森林火灾及有害生物成灾率“零发生”。同时，以蒙城县白杨林场为试点，探索林业碳汇及生态产品价值实现机制，并稳步推进林业碳汇交易工作，助力实现“双碳”目标。
Efforts should be made from increasing green management and protecting green to create an efficient forest "carbon pool". Based on the construction of jianghuai Canal ecological corridor, road forest network, river forest network, farmland forest network and village forest network, the construction of "four sides, four sides, four innovation" and "five small gardens", as well as voluntary tree planting, mine greening and other afforestation and afforestation activities, continue to promote green increase and complement green, build a solid ecological barrier, improve ecological carrying capacity and carbon fixation capacity. In view of the lack of space for afforestation, we have adjusted the thinking of forestry development in a timely manner, gradually shifted the focus of our work from large-scale afforestation to fine-grained management, comprehensively strengthened forest management such as forest nurturing and restoration of degraded forests, and improved the supply capacity of forest ecological products to achieve higher quality and efficiency. In 2022, a total of 39,400 mu of artificial forestation and 37,200 mu of forest tending were completed in Bozhou city. We will establish and improve the "four-level forest chief" responsibility system, strengthen the coordination mechanism of "forest chief + procurator-general" and "forest chief + police chief", and achieve full coverage of forest patrol, forest management and forest protection. The Implementation Plan of bozhou City's Special Action on Combating Deforestation and the Implementation Plan of Bozhou City's Forest Supervision and Comprehensive Management System for Forest Administration Law Enforcement Case Investigation and Rectification of "Zero Clearance" were issued to continuously strengthen forest resources supervision and crack down on illegal activities of destroying forest resources according to law. We will deepen the reform of "delegating power, delegating control and providing services" to forest cutting, and strictly implement the forest cutting quota system. We have continued to strengthen forest fire prevention and pest control, and achieved zero incidence of forest fires and pests. At the same time, taking The Poplar farm in Mengcheng County as a pilot, we will explore the realization mechanism of forestry carbon sink and the value of ecological products, and steadily promote the trade of forestry carbon sink to help achieve the goal of "dual carbon".
