教育部:在全国设立国家特殊教育改革实验区
Ministry of Education: Establishing a National Special Education Reform Pilot Zone across the country
近日,教育部为贯彻落实《国务院办公厅关于转发教育部等部门“十四五”特殊教育发展提升行动计划的通知》(国办发〔2021〕60号),以下简称《提升计划》)精神,适应特殊教育改革发展的新形势新要求,决定在全国设立一批特殊教育改革实验区,探索特殊教育发展的有效实践模式,推动特殊教育不断实现高质量发展。
Recently, in order to implement the spirit of the Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Forwarding the Action Plan for Promoting the Development of Special Education in the 14th Five-Year Plan of the Ministry of Education and Other Departments (Guo Ban Fa [2021] No.60), referred to as the "Promotion Plan" below), and adapt to the new situation and new requirements of the reform and development of special education, the Ministry of Education decided to set up a number of special education reform pilot areas throughout the country to explore effective practice models for the development of special education, and promote the continuously high-quality development of special education.
一、总体要求
I. General Principles
以推进特殊教育普惠发展、进一步提升特殊教育质量为目标,针对《提升计划》所确定的重点、难点问题,先行先试,开展特殊教育改革实验,建立健全保障机制和工作机制,为全国其他地区提供经验。
With the goal of promoting the inclusive development of special education and further improving the quality of special education, we should take actions first aiming at the key and difficult problems identified in the Promotion Plan, carry out special education reform experiments, establish and improve the securing mechanism and working mechanism, thus providing experience for other parts of the country.
二、实验任务
Ⅱ. Experimental Task
(一)拓展特殊教育学段服务。探索建立从学前到高中以上全学段衔接的特殊教育体系,有效增加特殊教育学位供给;健全特殊教育普惠财政保障机制,完善生均财政拨款制度和资助补助政策,探索建立面向所有残疾学生基础教育阶段免费教育制度;加大特殊教育专业师资配备力度,加强教师待遇保障,提高特殊教育教师津贴标准;推进特殊教育资源中心建设,健全运行管理及监督评价机制。
(1) Expanding the special education services. We should explore ways of establishing a special education system connecting the whole school from preschool to high school and above, and effectively increase the supply of special education degree. We should improve the Inclusive Financing securing mechanism for special education, improve the per capita financial allocation system and subsidy policy, and explore the establishment of a free education system for all disabled students in the basic education stage. We should increase the amount of special education teachers, strengthen the protection mechanism of teachers' treatment, and raise the allowance standard for special education teachers.We should promote the construction of special education resource centers, and improve the operation management, supervision and evaluation mechanism.
(二)扩大特殊教育服务对象。结合区域教育发展实际,联合高校、科研机构对孤独症儿童、多重残疾儿童、学习障碍儿童等特殊需要儿童开展教育教学研究及试点工作,建立健全评估认定、课程教学、个别化训练和家校社协同共育等培养机制。重点探索孤独症儿童特殊教育学校(部)建设,建立孤独症儿童助教陪读制度。
(2) Expanding the covering of special education service. Combined with the actual development of regional education, we should carry out education and teaching research and pilot work for children with special needs, such as autistic children, children with multiple disabilities and children with learning disabilities with universities and scientific research institutions, and establish and improve training mechanisms such as assessment and identification, curriculum teaching, personalized training and collaborative education between home, school and society. We should focus on exploring the construction of special education schools (departments) for autistic children, and establish a system of accompanying teaching assistants for autistic children.
(三)强化特殊教育质量建设。深化课程教学改革,落实国家课程标准,规范使用教材,探索融合教育课堂有效教学模式,完善送教上门质量管理规范与机制;加强特殊教育课程教学研究人才队伍及教研体系建设;推进特殊教育质量评价改革,研究区域办学质量评价工具,完善特殊教育质量评价工作的组织实施和监测机制。
(3) Strengthening the quality construction of special education. We should deepen the reform of curriculum teaching, implement the national curriculum standards, standardize the use of teaching materials, explore the effective teaching mode of integrated education classroom, and improve the quality management norms and mechanisms of sending teachers to their homes. We should strengthen the building of teaching and research talents and teaching and research system of special education courses. We should promote the reform of special education quality evaluation, study regional school-running quality evaluation tools, and improve the organization, implementation and monitoring mechanism of special education quality evaluation.
(四)加强数字教育资源建设。积极推进特殊教育数字化、智能化转型发展,探索应用互联网、云计算、大数据、虚拟现实和人工智能等新技术,推进特殊教育智慧校园、智慧课堂建设;开发特殊学生个性化教学与学习资源;探索特殊教育数字化教研平台及资源建设;推动残疾儿童青少年相关数据互通共享,扩大优质资源覆盖面。
(4) Strengthening the construction of digital education resources. We should actively promote the digital and intelligent transformation and development of special education, explore the application of new technologies such as the Internet, cloud computing, big data, virtual reality and artificial intelligence, and promote the construction of smart campuses and smart classrooms for special education. We should develop personalized teaching and learning resources for special students. We should explore the digital teaching and research platform and resource construction of special education. We should promote the exchange and sharing of data related to children and adolescents with disabilities, and expand the coverage of high-quality resources.
三、申报推荐
Ⅲ. Declare the Recommendation
(一)申报要求
(1) Reporting requirements
1.党委和政府高度重视发展特殊教育,能够切实落实政府责任,积极协调编办、发展改革、财政、人力资源社会保障等部门,出台具体的政策举措,破解瓶颈问题,为完善特殊教育普惠发展保障机制提供支持条件。
1. The Party Committee and the government should attach great importance to the development of special education, earnestly implement the government's responsibilities, actively coordinate the departments of editorial office, development and reform, finance, human resources and social security, introduce specific policies and measures, solve bottlenecks, and provide support policies for improving the securing mechanism for the inclusive development of special education.
2.有较强的改革创新意识,在特殊教育资源建设、质量提升、师资配备、投入与保障等方面具有一定的工作基础,对落实特殊教育普惠发展有强烈的推进意愿和明确的工作机制,能够有效整合各方资源,协同民政、卫生健康、残联等相关业务部门开展实验工作。
2. We should have a strong sense of reform and innovation, have a certain working foundation in the construction of special education resources, quality improvement, teacher allocation, investment and guarantee, have a strong willingness to promote the inclusive development of special education and a clear working mechanism, can effectively integrate resources of all parties, and cooperate with relevant business departments such as civil affairs, health and disabled persons' federations to carry out experimental work.
3.实验区方案聚焦当地特殊教育改革发展实际,符合国家改革发展方向,围绕实验任务有清晰的思路目标、政策举措、实施路线图和时间表,注重实验工作可持续发展的体制机制建设,操作性强,有望取得预期成果。
3. The pilot area scheme should focus on the reality of local special education reform and development, conform to the national reform and development direction, and have clear objectives, policy measures, implementation road map and timetable around the experimental tasks, pay attention to the institutional mechanism construction of sustainable development of experimental work, have strong operability, and is expected to achieve the expected results.
(二)推荐程序
(2) Recommended Procedures
按照县级或地市级教育行政部门自主申报、省级教育行政部门推荐、教育部公示确定的程序进行。
We should follow the principle in accordance with the county or prefecture-level education administrative departments to declare independently, recommended by the provincial education administrative departments, the Ministry of Education publicity to determine the procedures.
1.自主申报。实验区原则上以县级或地市级教育行政部门为单位申报,申报工作须经同级人民政府批准同意。申报单位自主申请并填写《国家特殊教育改革实验区申报表》(见附件,以下简称《申报表》),按程序逐级统一报送至省级教育行政部门。
1. Self-declaration. In principle, the experimental area shall be declared by the education administrative department at the county or prefecture level, and the declaration work shall be approved by the people's government at the same level. The reporting unit independently applies for and fills in the Declaration Form of the National Special Education Reform Experimental Zone (see annex, hereinafter referred to as the Declaration Form), and submits it to the provincial education administrative department step by step according to the procedures.
2.省级推荐。省级教育行政部门组织专家组对申报单位材料进行审核,按照公平、公正、公开原则,拟定推荐名单并在省内公示。每省份可推荐1—2个市(地、州、盟)或县(市、区、旗)申报实验区,暂无意向的省份可不组织申报。
2. Provincial recommendation. The provincial education administrative department shall organize an expert group to review the materials of the reporting unit, and draw up a recommended list in accordance with the principles of fairness, impartiality and openness and publicize it in the province. Each province can recommend 1-2 cities (prefectures, leagues) or counties (cities, districts and flags) to declare the experimental areas, and provinces that have no intention of reporting for the time being may not organize the declaration.
3.公示确定。教育部对省级教育行政部门推荐的实验区名单进行公示,经公示无异议后确定为国家特殊教育改革实验区。
3. Publicity is confirmed. The Ministry of Education publicizes the list of experimental areas recommended by the provincial education administrative departments, and determines them as national special education reform experimental areas after publicity without objection.
四、组织实施
Ⅳ. Organization the Implementation
(一)明确各方责任。教育部负责实验区的整体统筹。省级教育行政部门要加强本省实验区建设工作统筹管理。各地教育行政部门要以实验区建设为抓手,积极争取地方党委和政府支持,在政策、经费、师资和资源等方面加大保障力度,不断完善工作机制,持续推进特殊教育深化改革。
(1) Clarify the responsibilities of all parties. The Ministry of Education is responsible for the overall planning of the experimental area. Provincial education administrative departments should strengthen the overall management of the construction of experimental areas in this province. Local education administrative departments should take the construction of experimental areas as the starting point, actively strive for the support of local party committees and governments, increase security in terms of policies, funds, teachers and resources, constantly improve the working mechanism, and continuously promote the deepening reform of special education.
(二)加强过程管理。实验建设周期一般为3年。实验区要结合实际制定特殊教育改革推进工作方案并有序组织实施。省级教育行政部门要对本省实验区建设加强过程指导,强化跟踪问效,定期组织研讨交流,认真总结凝练经验。教育部将组建专家团队,进行调研指导。
(Two) to strengthen the process management. The experimental construction period is generally 3 years. The experimental area should formulate the work plan for promoting special education reform according to the actual situation and organize its implementation in an orderly manner. The provincial education administrative department should strengthen the process guidance for the construction of the experimental area in this province, strengthen the tracking and efficiency, organize regular discussions and exchanges, and conscientiously sum up the concise experience. The Ministry of Education will set up an expert team to conduct research and guidance.
(三)定期开展评估。省级教育行政部门每年底组织开展实验区建设成果验收,并将验收情况报送教育部。教育部将适时依托专家团队开展工作成果总结。
(three) to carry out regular assessment. The provincial education administrative department shall organize the acceptance of the construction achievements of the experimental area at the end of each year, and submit the acceptance to the Ministry of Education. The Ministry of Education will rely on the expert team to summarize the work results in due course.