山水林田湖草系统治理基本方略

Basic Strategies for System Management of Mountains and Rivers, Forests, Fields,

牢固树立“山水林田湖草是一个生命共同体”理念、统筹山水林田湖草系统治理，是深入贯彻落实习近平生态文明思想和党的十九大精神的根本要求，是建设美丽中国、实现人与自然和谐共生的重要途径。统筹山水林田湖草系统治理是一项复杂的系统工程，不仅需要基本理念的创新，还需要管理模式和技术体系的创新，必须遵循生态学原理和系统论方法，构建全新的生态治理体系。

Firmly establishing the concept of "mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasses are a community of life" and coordinating the systematic management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasses are the fundamental requirements for thoroughly implementing Xi Jinping's ecological civilization thought and the Party's 19 major spirits, and are important ways to build a beautiful China and realize the harmonious coexistence of human beings and nature. Overall planning of landscape, forest, field, lake and grass system management is a complex systematic project, which requires not only the innovation of basic concepts, but also the innovation of management mode and technical system. It is necessary to follow ecological principles and system theory methods to construct a brand-new ecological management system.

针对我国生态治理中存在的对于山水林田湖草生命共同体的内在机理和规律认识不够，各类工程条块分割，生态保护和修复系统性、整体性不足，资金投入偏低，治理标准不高，科技支撑能力不强，政策体系不够完善等突出问题，在统筹推进山水林田湖草系统治理的过程中，应坚持以下基本方略：

In view of the lack of understanding of the internal mechanism and laws of the life community of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasses in China's ecological management, All kinds of projects are compartmentalized, ecological protection and restoration are systematic and integrated, capital investment is low, management standards are not high, scientific and technological support capacity is not strong, and policy system is not perfect. In the process of promoting the management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasses system as a whole, the following basic strategies should be adhered to:

一、建立多部门多层次跨区域的协调机制，坚持区域联动、部门协同

First, the establishment of a multi-sector, multi-level and cross-regional coordination mechanism, adhere to regional linkage, departmental coordination

习近平总书记指出，山水林田湖是一个生命共同体，人的命脉在田，田的命脉在水，水的命脉在山，山的命脉在土，土的命脉在树。用途管制和生态修复必须遵循自然规律，如果种树的只管种树、治水的只管治水、护田的单纯护田，很容易顾此失彼，最终造成生态的系统性破坏。推进山水林田湖草系统治理，必须打破条块分割的管理模式，有效克服生态治理碎片化问题，建立多部门、多层次、跨区域协同推进的工作机制，以国土空间用途管制为基础，统筹各类规划、资金、项目，对山水林田湖草进行一体化保护、一体化修复，变“各炒各的菜、各吃各的饭”为“各炒拿手菜、共摆一桌席”。要强化各部门之间、各地区之间的协同和信息共享，做到目标统一、任务衔接、纵向贯通、横向融合，提高山水林田湖草一体化保护修复的效率。

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that mountains, water, forests, fields and lakes are a community of life. The lifeblood of people is in the fields, the lifeblood of the fields is in the water, the lifeblood of the water is in the mountains, the lifeblood of the mountains is in the soil, and the lifeblood of the soil is in the trees. Use control and ecological restoration must follow the laws of nature, if the planting of trees only planting trees, water management only water management, field protection of pure field, it is easy to lose both, and ultimately cause systematic damage to the ecology. To promote the system governance of landscape, forest, field, lake and grass, we must break the management mode of fragmentation, effectively overcome the problem of ecological governance fragmentation, establish a multi-sectoral, multi-level, cross-regional synergy to promote the work mechanism, based on spatial use control of land, coordinate all kinds of planning, funding, projects, integrated protection of landscape, forest, field, lake and grass, integrated restoration, change "each fry each dish The "each fry their own dishes, each eat their own rice" to "each fry their own dishes, set a table together". To strengthen the synergy and information sharing between departments and regions, to achieve unity of purpose, task convergence, vertical coherence, horizontal integration, and improve the efficiency of integrated protection and restoration of mountains, water, forests, fields, lakes and grass.

二、落实山水林田湖草系统治理“一张图”制度，坚持统筹协调、任务衔接

Two, the implementation of the landscape forest, farmland, lake and grass system management "one map" system, adhere to overall planning and coordination, task convergence

习近平总书记指出，要用系统论的思想方法看问题，生态系统是一个有机生命躯体，应该统筹治水和治山、治水和治林、治水和治田、治山和治林等。推进山水林田湖草系统治理，必须加强顶层设计，坚持一张蓝图绘到底，从全局出发统筹兼顾、综合施策、整体推进，全方位、全地域、全系统开展生态治理。要转变重大生态保护修复工程治理思路和组织形式，切实改变过去以单个生态要素为主设置工程的做法，着力解决不同部门、不同工程、不同资金项目在同一地块相互交叉、相互重叠，不但形不成合力，反而相互抵消治理效果甚至形成新的破坏的问题。林草系统是生态保护修复的主体，管理着森林、草原、湿地、荒漠四大陆地生态系统，肩负着建设以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系和保护生物多样性的重大职责，在推进山水林田湖草系统治理的过程中，要紧紧围绕《全国重要生态系统保护和修复重大工程总体规划》，立足重点区域，强化整体治理，以块为主、条块结合，系统布局林草生态综合治理重大工程项目，科学推进大规模国土绿化、天然林保护、防护林体系建设、京津风沙源治理、退耕还林还草、湿地保护与恢复、荒漠化石漠化综合治理，高质量推进城市绿化，加快以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系建设，真正发挥生态保护修复主力军作用。

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that we should use a systems approach to thinking to see the problem, the ecosystem is an organic life body, should be integrated water and mountain, water and forestry, water and field, mountain and forestry, etc.. Promote the system governance of landscape, forest, field, lake and grass, must strengthen the top-level design, adhere to a blueprint to the end, from the overall situation to take into account, comprehensive policy, the overall promotion, all-round, the whole region, the whole system to carry out ecological governance. To change the major ecological protection and restoration project governance ideas and organizational forms, and effectively change the past to a single ecological elements of the main set of engineering practices, and strive to solve different departments, different projects, different funding projects in the same plot cross each other, overlap, not only can not form a synergy, but offset each other's governance effect or even the formation of new damage. Forestry and grass system is the main ecological protection and restoration, management of forests, grasslands, wetlands, deserts, four terrestrial ecosystems, shoulders the construction of national parks as the main nature reserve system and the protection of biodiversity of major responsibilities, in the process of promoting the system of governance of mountains, water, forests, fields, lakes and grasses, to closely focus on the "national important ecosystem protection and restoration of major projects master plan", based on key areas, strengthen Overall management, block-oriented, block combination, system layout of forest and grass ecological comprehensive management of major projects, scientific promotion of large-scale land greening, natural forest protection, protection forest system construction, Beijing-Tianjin wind and sand source management, return of farmland to forest and grass, wetland protection and restoration, desertification and stone desertification comprehensive management, high-quality urban greening, accelerate the construction of national parks as the main nature reserve system, really play The main role of ecological protection and restoration.

三、实行生态系统健康诊断制度，坚持问题导向、精准施策

Three, the implementation of the ecosystem health diagnosis system, adhere to the problem-oriented, accurate policy

生态系统健康是反映生态系统结构和服务功能良好的重要指针，健康的生态系统具有旺盛的活力、稳定的组织结构、强大的恢复力和完善的服务功能，统筹推进山水林田湖草系统治理的终极目标，就是要构建健康稳定的自然生态系统。开展山水林田湖草系统治理，必须建立健全生态系统健康诊断技术体系，全面推行生态系统健康诊断制度。要综合运用物种法、结构功能指标法、生态系统失调综合征诊断法、生态系统健康风险评估法、生态脆弱性和稳定性评价法、生态功能评价法等生态系统健康诊断方法，构建包括活力、组织、恢复力和服务功能在内的评价指标体系，全面开展生态系统健康诊断，以问题为导向实施生态治理，确定系统治理方案和措施，真正做到缺什么补什么，有什么问题解决什么问题，哪里问题突出重点治理哪里，找准症结，对症下药，提升山水林田湖草系统治理的针对性和有效性。

Ecosystem health is an important pointer reflecting the good structure and service function of the ecosystem. A healthy ecosystem has vigorous vitality, stable organizational structure, strong resilience and perfect service function, and the ultimate goal of promoting system governance of landscape, forest, field, lake and grass is to build a healthy and stable natural ecosystem. To carry out the system management of landscape, forest, field, lake and grass, we must establish and improve the technical system of ecosystem health diagnosis, and fully implement the ecosystem health diagnosis system. We must comprehensively use the species method, structural and functional index method, ecosystem disorder syndrome diagnosis method, ecosystem health risk assessment method, ecological vulnerability and stability evaluation method, ecological function evaluation method and other ecosystem health diagnosis methods, build an evaluation index system including vitality, organization, resilience and service function, comprehensively carry out ecosystem health diagnosis, implement problem-oriented ecological governance, determine The system management program and measures, really achieve what is lacking to fill what, what problems to solve what problems, where the problem is prominent focus on treatment where, find the crux, the right medicine, improve the target and effectiveness of the system management of landscape, forest, field, lake and grass.

四、充分考虑生态治理的区域差异性，坚持因地制宜、科学治理

Four, fully consider the regional differences of ecological governance, adhere to local conditions, scientific governance

我国地域辽阔，各地自然条件和经济社会发展状况都存在很大差异，必然要求生态治理根据区域差异实行差别化治理措施。因此，必须遵循生态系统内在的机理和规律，科学规划、因地制宜、分类施策，打造与区域特征相适应的多样化的生态系统。要充分考虑地理气候等自然条件、资源禀赋和生态区位等特点，坚持保护优先、自然恢复为主的方针，科学布局全国重要生态系统保护和修复重大工程，严格落实工程方案科学论证和影响评价制度，优化要素配置和工程措施，宜封则封、宜造则造，宜保则保、宜用则用，宜乔则乔、宜灌则灌、宜草则草、宜田则田，增强生态治理的科学性、系统性和长效性。要坚持以水定绿、量水而行，以多样化乡土树种草种为主，科学造林种草，合理配置林草植被，着力提高生态系统自我修复能力，增强生态系统稳定性，促进自然生态系统质量的整体改善和生态产品供给能力的全面提升。

China's vast territory and the great differences in natural conditions and economic and social development in different regions inevitably require ecological management to implement differentiated management measures according to regional differences. Therefore, it is necessary to follow the intrinsic mechanism and laws of the ecosystem, scientific planning, according to local conditions, classification and policy, to create a diverse ecosystem that is compatible with regional characteristics. We should fully consider the geographical and climatic natural conditions, resource endowment and ecological location, adhere to the policy of giving priority to protection and natural restoration, scientifically lay out major projects for the protection and restoration of important ecosystems nationwide, strictly implement the system of scientific proof and impact evaluation of engineering programs, optimize the allocation of elements and engineering measures, seal as appropriate, build as appropriate, preserve as appropriate, use as appropriate, plant as appropriate, irrigation as appropriate, grass as appropriate, field as appropriate. It is suitable for grass and field to enhance the scientific, systematic and long-term effect of ecological management. To adhere to the water to determine the green, the amount of water, to diversify native species of trees and grasses, scientific forestation and grasses, reasonable configuration of forest and grass vegetation, focus on improving the ability of the ecosystem to repair itself, enhance the stability of the ecosystem, promote the overall improvement of the quality of the natural ecosystem and the overall improvement of the ability to supply ecological products.

五、建立以流域为单元的工程规划体系，坚持上溯下延、系统治理

Five, the establishment of a river basin as a unit of the project planning system, adhere to the tracing down, system governance

党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视流域生态保护修复，先后实施了长江经济带发展、黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展等重大战略，大力推进流域生态系统综合治理，以全流域谋一域、以一域服务全流域。流域是重要的自然地理单元，也是自然生态系统中能量流、物质流的重要载体，流域内的水文、植被、土壤等各个自然要素具有“牵一发动全身”的特点。如果只关注下游生态治理，不重视上游的源头治理，就会产生“多米诺骨牌”效应，使治理成果功亏一篑。只有把流域作为一个整体或一个系统来进行综合治理，才能取得事半功倍的效果。在推进山水林田湖草系统治理的过程中，要深刻认识水在生态单元形成中的重要作用，依据流域层级关系逐级规划、全面覆盖，从小流域治理走向大流域治理。编制区域生态治理规划，必须以自然生态系统能量流、物质流走向为基础，要充分考虑上游区域是否得到有效治理，同时还要考虑工程建设对下游的影响，强化系统风险评估，增强上游下游、干流支流、坡上坡下治理的协同性，最大限度地保持生态系统的完整性和自然地理单元的连续性。

Since the 18th Party Congress, the Party Central Committee, with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, has attached great importance to watershed ecological protection and restoration, and has implemented major strategies such as the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, vigorously promoting the comprehensive management of watershed ecosystems, planning a whole basin and serving the whole basin with a single domain. Watershed is an important natural geographic unit and an important carrier of energy and material flow in the natural ecosystem, and the hydrology, vegetation, soil and other natural elements in the watershed have the characteristic of "triggering the whole body". If we only focus on the downstream ecological management, but not the upstream source management, it will produce a "domino" effect and make the management results lost. Only the watershed as a whole or a system to comprehensive management, in order to achieve twice the result with half the effort. In the process of promoting the system of governance of mountains, water, forests, fields, lakes and grasses, we should deeply understand the important role of water in the formation of ecological units, according to the relationship between the watershed level by level planning, comprehensive coverage, from small watershed governance to large watershed governance. The preparation of regional ecological governance planning must be based on the natural ecosystem energy flow and material flow direction, fully consider whether the upstream area is effectively managed, and also consider the impact of engineering construction on the downstream, strengthen the system risk assessment, enhance the synergy of upstream and downstream, main stream tributaries, slope up and slope down governance, and maximize the integrity of the ecosystem and the continuity of the natural geographical unit.

六、推行生态治理工程成本核算制度，坚持以质为先、工程化管理

Six, the implementation of ecological management project cost accounting system, adhere to the quality first, engineering management

经过多年的不懈努力，我国的生态治理取得了举世瞩目的历史性成就，但是生态系统总体上质量不高、功能不强的问题依然突出，其主要原因就在于建设投入偏低、标准不高。当前，生态治理已经从追求量的扩张转向全面提质增效的新阶段，低投入、低水平的生态建设模式已经不能适应山水林田湖草系统治理的要求，必须严格按照工程管理方式，实事求是地进行工程成本核算，以投入量决定工程任务量，避免任务大而全、资金少而散等问题，使项目成本管理逐步走上规范化、制度化的轨道。同时，要充分考虑生态治理工程的艰巨性和长期性，既要满足工程建设投入，也要考虑后期管理、更新成本，建立投资标准与物价变化联动的动态调整机制。要完善山水林田湖草系统治理的投融资政策，在按照事权划分加大各级财政投入的同时，鼓励社会力量参与生态治理，形成多元主体协同共治的大格局。新启动实施的生态治理项目要坚持质量优先原则，依据成本核算结果设定目标、内容和资金投入，确保生态保护修复工程经得起历史的考验。

After years of unremitting efforts, China's ecological governance has made historic achievements that have attracted worldwide attention, but the overall quality of the ecosystem is not high, the function is not strong problem is still prominent, the main reason lies in the low investment in construction, the standard is not high. At present, ecological governance has shifted from the pursuit of quantitative expansion to a new stage of comprehensive quality and efficiency, low input, low level of ecological construction mode can no longer adapt to the requirements of the system of governance of mountains, water, forests, fields, lakes and grasses, must be strictly in accordance with the project management approach, realistic project costing, the amount of input to determine the amount of engineering tasks, to avoid the task of large and comprehensive, less funds and scattered problems, so that project cost management gradually on the standardized and institutionalized track. At the same time, we should fully consider the enormity and long-term nature of ecological management projects, both to meet the project construction inputs, but also to consider the late management, renewal costs, the establishment of investment standards and price changes linked to the dynamic adjustment mechanism. To improve the mountain, water, forest, lake, grass system governance investment and financing policies, in accordance with the division of powers to increase financial investment at all levels, while encouraging social forces to participate in ecological governance, the formation of a multi-body collaborative governance pattern. Newly launched and implemented ecological governance projects should adhere to the principle of quality first, set goals, content and financial investment based on costing results, to ensure that ecological protection and restoration projects stand the test of history.

七、实行以专业化队伍为主的工程实施模式，坚持标准引领、高起点推进

Seven, the implementation of the professional team-based project implementation mode, adhere to the standard guidance, high starting point to promote

山水林田湖草系统治理是一项科学性很强的系统工程，需要遵循生态系统内在规律，体现区域特点，将着力点放在提升生态系统质量和功能上，既不能简单地理解为挖坑栽树，也不能认为有绿就是成功，不能用消灭荒山荒地的传统做法来实施山水林田湖草系统治理工程。必须加快完善生态治理工程技术标准体系，对工程建设实行全过程标准化管理，严格按标准设计、按标准实施、按标准验收。同时，要实行以专业化队伍为主的工程实施模式，培育一批高水平、高素质生态保护修复专业化队伍，用专业化技术、现代化装备、信息化管理手段，高起点、高质量推进山水林田湖草系统治理。

The system management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasses is a scientific system engineering, It is necessary to follow the internal laws of the ecosystem, reflect the regional characteristics, and focus on improving the quality and function of the ecosystem. It cannot be simply understood as digging holes and planting trees, nor can it be considered that green is success, nor can the traditional method of eliminating barren hills and wasteland be used to implement the landscape forest, field, lake and grass system management project. We must speed up the improvement of the technical standard system for ecological management projects, implement standardized management of the whole process of engineering construction, and strictly follow the standard design, implementation and acceptance. At the same time, it is necessary to implement the project implementation mode with professional teams as the main part, cultivate a group of high-level and high-quality professional teams for ecological protection and restoration, and use professional technology, modern equipment and information management methods to promote the systematic management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasses with high starting point and high quality.

八、牢固树立“绿水青山就是金山银山”的理念，坚持“三生共赢”、绿色发展

Eight, firmly establish the concept of "green water and green mountains are golden hills and silver mountains", adhere to the "three win-win", green development

习近平总书记强调，经济发展不能以破坏生态为代价，生态本身就是经济，保护生态就是发展生产力。要通过改革创新，让土地、劳动力、资产、自然风光等要素活起来，让资源变资产、资金变股金、农民变股东，带动贫困人口增收，推动区域经济可持续发展。推进山水林湖草系统治理，必须牢固树立和自觉践行“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念，以高质量发展为根本要求，以供给侧结构性改革为主线，正确处理保护与利用、生态与经济的关系，既要绿水青山、也要金山银山，建立生态产品价值顺利实现机制，让绿水青山有效转变为金山银山，实现生态效益、经济效益和社会效益的有机统一。要有计划地发展特色经济林、林下经济、森林康养等林草特色产业，建立起适宜自然资本禀赋和良性循环的生态经济发展模式，在发展中保护、在保护中发展，在加强生态保护修复的同时推进资源可持续利用、带动农民增收致富、支撑区域经济发展，走出一条生产、生活、生态“三生共赢”的绿色发展之路。

General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed that economic development cannot be at the expense of destroying ecology. Ecology itself is economy and protecting ecology is developing productive forces. Through reform and innovation, land, labor, assets, natural scenery and other factors should be brought to life, resources should be changed into assets, funds should be changed into shares, and farmers should be changed into shareholders, so as to increase the income of the poor and promote the sustainable development of the regional economy. Promote the systematic management of mountains, rivers, forests, lakes and grasses, We must firmly establish and consciously practice the concept of "green water and green mountains are golden hills and silver mountains". Taking high-quality development as the fundamental requirement, Taking the structural reform on the supply side as the main line, correctly handling the relationship between protection and utilization, ecology and economy requires not only green water and green mountains, but also Jinshan Yinshan, establishing a mechanism for the smooth realization of the value of ecological products, effectively transforming green water and green mountains into Jinshan Yinshan, and realizing the organic unity of ecological benefits, economic benefits and social benefits. It is necessary to develop forest and grass characteristic industries such as characteristic economic forests, under-forest economy and forest health care in a planned way. We will establish an eco-economic development model suitable for natural capital endowment and a virtuous circle. We will protect in development and develop in protection. We will promote the sustainable use of resources while strengthening ecological protection and restoration, increase farmers' income and become rich, support regional economic development, and walk out of a green development path of "win-win" for production, life and ecology.

九、完善天空地一体化监测评价体系，坚持精准监测、量化评估

Nine, improve the sky-ground integration monitoring and evaluation system, adhere to accurate monitoring, quantitative evaluation

现代化监测评价体系是生态治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要组成部分，是编制生态治理规划、监测工程进展、评估生态建设效果的重要手段。要推动新一代信息技术与生态治理融合发展，加强互联网、大数据、物联网、云计算、人工智能等先进技术在生态治理领域的应用，构建“天空地”一体化监测体系和大数据平台，开展山水林田湖草生命共同体承载能力、适宜性、脆弱性、敏感性评价，构建山水林田湖草生态系统变化发展预测模型，模拟预测未来气候情境、社会经济情境和政策制度情景下的国土生态安全格局，为山水林田湖草系统治理奠定坚实的科学数据基础，为系统编制空间规划、布局生态保护与修复工程、完善自然保护地体系等提供基础数据支撑。要整合现有监测资源，强化组织机构与监测队伍建设，制定与完善监测技术标准、规程规范和管理办法，运用遥感技术、全球定位技术、地理信息系统技术、数据库技术和网络技术等高新技术手段，实现科学高效、综合灵敏、方便实用的信息采集，多目标、多层次、全方位的综合评价，系统化、网络化、智能化的信息管理与服务，全面提升信息采集处理能力、综合评价能力、适时监控能力、快速应对能力和预测预警能力，动态实时监测生态治理工程进展，精准评估治理效果，通过治理效果反馈机制，为适时调整生态治理策略提供科学依据。

Modern monitoring and evaluation system is an important part of the modernization of ecological governance system and governance capacity, and is an important means to prepare ecological governance planning, monitor the progress of projects and evaluate the effect of ecological construction. To promote the integration of a new generation of information technology and ecological governance, strengthen the application of the Internet, big data, Internet of Things, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and other advanced technologies in the field of ecological governance, build a "sky and land" integrated monitoring system and big data platform, carry out the carrying capacity, suitability, vulnerability and sensitivity evaluation of the life community of mountains, water, forests, fields, lakes and grass. To build a model for predicting the development of ecosystem changes in mountains, forests, fields, lakes and grasses, to simulate and predict the ecological security pattern of the country under future climate, socio-economic and policy system scenarios, to lay a solid scientific data foundation for the system management of mountains, forests, fields, lakes and grasses, and to provide basic data support for the systematic preparation of spatial planning, the layout of ecological protection and restoration projects, and the improvement of the nature reserve system. To integrate existing monitoring resources, strengthen the organization and monitoring team construction, develop and improve monitoring technical standards, protocols and management methods, the use of remote sensing technology, global positioning technology, geographic information system technology, database technology and network technology and other high-tech means to achieve scientific and efficient, comprehensive and sensitive, convenient and practical information collection, multi-objective, multi-level, all-round comprehensive evaluation, systematic, networked, intelligent information management and networked, intelligent information management and services, to comprehensively enhance information collection and processing capabilities, comprehensive evaluation capabilities, timely monitoring capabilities, rapid response capabilities and prediction and early warning capabilities, dynamic real-time monitoring of ecological management project progress, accurate assessment of management effects, through the feedback mechanism of management effects, to provide a scientific basis for timely adjustment of ecological management strategies.

十、强化山水林田湖草系统治理的科技支撑，坚持需求导向、创新驱动

Ten, strengthen the scientific and technological support of landscape forest, field, lake and grass system management, adhere to the demand-oriented, innovation-driven

科学技术是第一生产力，创新是引领发展的第一驱动力。实施山水林田湖草系统治理离不开科技的有力支撑。尽管针对单一生态系统已经有大批研究成果，但从山水林田湖草生命共同体出发开展基础理论和技术研究方面仍是一个短板。特别是在自然资源整体保护与修复、生态系统服务权衡协同、山水林田湖草系统重构等基础理论，抗逆林草多性状复合育种术、生态经济型防护林可视化模拟与调控、农林生产用水精量调配与控制、农业面源污染物生物-生态防控等前沿技术，综合系统监测与健康诊断、国家公园与生物多样性保护、生态系统服务价值评估与提升、重大灾害绿色防控、功能型微生物开发与土壤修复等关键技术方面，急需取得创新性突破。因此，必须坚持以生态保护修复一线需求为导向，深化科研项目立项论证制度改革，自下而上汇聚亟须解决的关键技术难题、凝练关键技术背后的科学问题，找准主攻方向，统筹中央、地方、企业和社会科技资源，加强产学研用紧密结合，协同开展技术攻关，实行重大项目“揭榜挂帅”，尽快破解山水林田湖草系统治理的理论与技术瓶颈，加快技术集成与推广应用，为山水林田湖草系统治理提供有力支撑。

Science and technology are the first productive forces, and innovation is the first driving force leading development. The implementation of landscape, forest, field, lake and grass system management cannot be separated from the strong support of science and technology. Although there have been a large number of research results on a single ecosystem, it is still a short board to carry out basic theoretical and technical research from the perspective of the life community of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasses. Especially in the basic theories such as the overall protection and restoration of natural resources, the trade-off and coordination of ecosystem services, the reconstruction of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasses, Advanced technologies such as multi-character compound breeding of stress-resistant forest and grass, visual simulation and regulation of eco-economic shelterbelts, precise allocation and control of water for agricultural and forestry production, bio-ecological prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollutants, Innovative breakthroughs are urgently needed in key technologies such as comprehensive system monitoring and health diagnosis, protection of national parks and biodiversity, evaluation and promotion of ecosystem service value, green prevention and control of major disasters, development of functional microorganisms and soil remediation. Therefore, we must adhere to the guidance of the first-line needs of ecological protection and restoration, Deepen the reform of the system of scientific research project initiation and demonstration, From bottom to top, we will gather the key technical problems that need to be solved urgently, refine the scientific problems behind the key technologies, Find the main direction of attack, coordinate the scientific and technological resources of the central, local, enterprises and society, strengthen the close combination of production, teaching and research, cooperate in carrying out technological research, implement major projects "taking the lead in unveiling the list", crack the theoretical and technological bottlenecks in the management of the landscape forest, farmland, lake and grass system as soon as possible, speed up the integration and popularization of technologies, and provide strong support for the management of the landscape forest, farmland, lake and grass system.

山水林田湖草系统治理，道阻且长，行则将至。既要有只争朝夕的精神，更要有持之以恒的坚守。只要牢固树立“山水林田湖草是一个生命共同体”理念和“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念，坚持不懈、久久为功，就一定能够走出一条“三生共赢”、绿色发展的全新之路。

The system of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasses will be managed. The road will be blocked and long, and the line will come. We must not only have the spirit of seizing every minute, but also have the perseverance. As long as we firmly establish the concept of "mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasses are a community of life" and the concept of "green water and green mountains are golden hills and silver mountains", and persist and work for a long time, we will surely be able to walk out of a brand-new road of "win-win for all" and green development.