战乱十年，叙利亚人舔舐伤口期待“春天”早日到来
After ten years of war, Syrians lick their wounds and look forward to the early arrival of "spring"
10年前的3月15日，叙利亚危机全面爆发。谁也不会想到，十年动荡，叙各派势力盘根错节，纷争不断，恐怖组织“伊斯兰国”也大行其道，让昔日被誉为“人间天堂”的叙利亚一度沦为“世间炼狱”，严重的人道主义灾难让这个中东国家的一半人口流离失所。除了内战，大国和地区国家之间难以平衡的结构性利益冲突还让叙利亚国内危机最终演变为21世纪最为惨烈的“混合战争”。如今，十年过去了，叙利亚人在苦难中拖着筋疲力尽的身躯，想要早日走出困境。叙利亚恢复和平稳定阻力重重，巴沙尔政权依然面对着收复失地和国家重建的巨大考验。拜登政府近日向外界释放的“美国回归”信号和对叙空袭行动，也让国际社会看到，叙和平进程很可能再次遭到阻挠。尽管如此，《环球时报》记者近日的调查显示，叙利亚民众仍在期待“真正的春天”早日到来。
Ten years ago, on March 15th, the Syrian crisis broke out in full swing. No one would have thought that after ten years of turmoil, various factions in Syria were intertwined and disputes continued, and the terrorist organization "Islamic State" became popular, which once reduced Syria, once known as "paradise on earth", to "purgatory in the world", and the serious humanitarian disaster displaced half of the population of this Middle Eastern country. In addition to the civil war, the structural conflicts of interest that are difficult to balance between big countries and regional countries have finally turned the domestic crisis in Syria into the most tragic "mixed war" in the 21st century. Now, ten years later, Syrians are dragging their exhausted bodies in suffering, trying to get out of the predicament as soon as possible. There are many obstacles to restoring peace and stability in Syria, and Bashar regime is still facing a great test of recovering lost ground and rebuilding the country. The Biden administration recently released the signal of "America's return" to the outside world and the air strikes against Syria, which also made the international community see that the Syrian peace process is likely to be obstructed again. Nevertheless, a recent survey by Global Times reporters shows that Syrian people are still looking forward to the early arrival of "real spring".
“抱歉，燃料短缺，烧开水成了问题”
"Sorry, fuel shortage, boiling water has become a problem."
2021年1月14日晚，《环球时报》记者薛丹到达叙利亚首都大马士革，开始常驻生活。此后一个多月，大马士革给他的整体感觉是平静，但2月下旬美军对叙境内的设施发动空袭以及叙防空系统拦截以色列导弹，让薛丹意识到，在这里的记者依然还是“战地记者”。
On the evening of January 14, 2021, Global Times reporter Xue Dan arrived in Damascus, the capital of Syria, and began his permanent life. After more than a month, Damascus gave him an overall feeling of calm. However, in late February, the US military launched air strikes on facilities in Syria and the Syrian air defense system intercepted Israeli missiles, which made Xue Dan realize that journalists here are still "war correspondents".
除了安全风险外，大部分叙利亚人还要面对通货膨胀、货币贬值、能源紧张、物资匮乏等问题带来的影响。叙利亚《祖国报》近日盘点说：十年的动荡和战乱导致叙农业、工业均遭受重创，经济损失上万亿美元，150多万户房屋和数不清的建筑被毁；总人口从战前的2450多万降到1700多万，战乱造成超过30万人死亡，100多万人受伤，约1100万叙利亚人急需人道主义援助和保护；670万叙利亚难民流散到43个国家……世界粮食计划署2021年2月警告称，过去一年间叙利亚基本物品价格上涨236%。要知道相较其他中东国家，叙利亚以往的农业基础一直不错，该国小麦作物在危机前尚可自给自足，部分甚至还可出口至其他国家，现如今多数人需要靠国际组织的援助来填饱肚子。
In addition to security risks, most Syrians have to face the impact of inflation, currency depreciation, energy shortage and material shortage. Syria's "Motherland" recently took stock: Ten years of turmoil and war have caused heavy losses to Syria's agriculture and industry, with economic losses of trillions of dollars, and more than 1.5 million houses and countless buildings destroyed; The total population has dropped from more than 24.5 million before the war to more than 17 million. The war has caused more than 300,000 deaths and more than 1 million injuries. About 11 million Syrians are in urgent need of humanitarian assistance and protection; 6.7 million Syrian refugees have moved to 43 countries... The World Food Program warned in February 2021 that the price of basic goods in Syria has increased by 236% in the past year. It is important to know that compared with other Middle Eastern countries, Syria's agricultural foundation has always been good in the past. Before the crisis, its wheat crops were self-sufficient, and some of them could even be exported to other countries. Nowadays, most people need assistance from international organizations to feed their stomachs.
46岁的家庭主妇萨菲娅是3个孩子的母亲，一家人的经济来源只有丈夫打工的那点收入。她告诉《环球时报》记者：“2011年1美元兑换45叙镑，现在黑市上能兑换约4000叙镑。10年前1公斤面粉15叙镑、一只烤鸡110叙镑，现在分别要1500叙镑和1.6万叙镑。就连享受国家补贴的主食大饼10年间价格也涨了10倍多。”
Safia, a 46-year-old housewife, is the mother of three children, and her family's economic source is only the income from her husband's working. She told the Global Times reporter: "In 2011, one dollar was exchanged for 45 Syrian pounds, and now it can be exchanged for about 4,000 Syrian pounds on the black market. Ten years ago, 1 kilogram of flour was 15 Syrian pounds and a roast chicken was 110 Syrian pounds, but now it costs 1,500 Syrian pounds and 16,000 Syrian pounds respectively. Even the price of staple food cakes subsidized by the state has increased more than tenfold in 10 years."
红十字国际委员会主席彼得·毛雷尔3月初表示，叙利亚当前正处于战乱破坏、经济衰退、物资短缺、新冠肺炎疫情和国际制裁等因素所造成的恶性循环之中，当前有近3/4的叙利亚人需要各类援助。西方国家制裁阻碍了叙进口医疗用品和药物或获得相关援助，而缺乏燃料也意味着救护车无法正常工作，电力供应不稳甚至影响到疫苗储存。
Peter maurer, president of the International Committee of the Red Cross, said in early March that Syria is currently in a vicious circle caused by war destruction, economic recession, material shortage, novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic and international sanctions, and nearly 3/4 Syrians need all kinds of assistance. Sanctions from Western countries have prevented Syria from importing medical supplies and medicines or obtaining related assistance, while lack of fuel also means that ambulances cannot work normally, and the unstable power supply even affects vaccine storage.
据《环球时报》记者观察，在大马士革，有时候给汽车加油要排队等三四个小时。从2013年开始，大马士革采取分时段分片区的限电措施。直到现在，市区每数个小时就会停电一次。因此，充电电瓶和蜡烛都成为记者常备之物。在市区的咖啡馆，记者甚至还看到服务员端着咖啡，向客人道歉说：“抱歉啊，咖啡上晚了。最近燃料又紧缺了，炉子烧开水也成了问题。”
According to the Global Times reporter's observation, in Damascus, it sometimes takes three or four hours to wait in line to refuel cars. Since 2013, Damascus has adopted power rationing measures in different periods and districts. Until now, power outages have occurred every few hours in the urban area. Therefore, rechargeable batteries and candles have become regular items for journalists. In the cafe in the city, the reporter even saw the waiter carrying coffee and apologized to the guests, saying, "Sorry, the coffee is late. Recently, fuel is in short supply again, and boiling water on the stove has become a problem."
位于大马士革西部山区的布鲁丹海拔1500米左右，是叙利亚和中东地区的旅游胜地，夏季消暑，冬季可以赏雪。10年前，看准商机的曼苏尔决定在布鲁丹把自己的餐厅扩建成饭店，他从银行贷款、到中国广州购置了全套家具，甚至修了缆车，但战乱让他的投资全都泡了汤。曼苏尔告诉《环球时报》记者，他希望战乱早日结束，他的生活和生意能一天天好起来。在布鲁丹一家饭店工作的海达尔说，这十年间，他失去多位亲人，这让他内心十分痛苦。现在海达尔的月工资约20美元，而战乱前每个月能挣到800美元。能多赚点钱，成了他最大的奢望。
Brudan, located in the western mountainous area of Damascus, is about 1,500 meters above sea level. It is a tourist destination in Syria and the Middle East. It can cool off in summer and enjoy snow in winter. Ten years ago, Mansour, who saw the business opportunity, decided to expand his restaurant into a hotel in Brudan. He borrowed money from the bank, bought a complete set of furniture in Guangzhou, China, and even repaired the cable car, but the war made all his investment soak in soup. Mansour told the Global Times reporter that he hoped that the war would end as soon as possible and his life and business would get better day by day. Haidar, who works in a restaurant in Brudan, said that during the past ten years, he lost many relatives, which made him feel very painful. Haidar now earns about $20 a month, compared with $800 a month before the war. It has become his greatest hope to earn more money.
一些中东国家媒体也为叙利亚“失去的十年”感到痛心。《约旦时报》的评论文章说，相比于肉眼可见的破坏与损失，更大的悲剧在于，在战争中成长起来的一代叙利亚年轻人，他们几乎都快忘记了和平、正常的生活应该是什么样子，这给他们带来巨大的心理创伤。
Media in some Middle Eastern countries are also saddened by Syria's "lost decade". The commentary of Jordan Times said that compared with the damage and loss visible to the naked eye, the greater tragedy lies in the fact that a generation of young Syrians who grew up in the war almost forgot what peace and normal life should look like, which brought them great psychological trauma.
《黎巴嫩新闻报》近日刊文评论称，过去十年间，人们目睹叙利亚这个“曾经稳定和富庶的国度”因战乱而变得贫穷、动荡，而叙利亚人民也在这期间遭受着巨大的损失和伤痛。文章还写道：“叙利亚的悲剧，本质上与以美国为首的西方国家长久以来祸乱中东的政策和行为密不可分，他们打着推行‘西式民主’‘倡导自由’等虚伪口号，挑拨叙利亚不同阶层、教派和势力间的关系，扶植各类武装组织和分裂势力，有时在幕后利用‘代理人’推动局势演变，有时干脆跳到台前直接进行武装干涉，从而达到其掠夺资源、操纵地缘政治等目的。”
The Lebanese News recently published a commentary saying that in the past ten years, people have witnessed Syria, a "once stable and rich country", becoming poor and turbulent due to the war, and the Syrian people have suffered great losses and pains during this period. The article also wrote: "The tragedy in Syria is essentially inseparable from the policies and behaviors of Western countries led by the United States that have troubled the Middle East for a long time. Under the false slogans of promoting 'Western-style democracy' and 'advocating freedom', they provoked the relations among different classes, sects and forces in Syria, fostered various armed organizations and separatist forces, sometimes used 'agents' behind the scenes to promote the evolution of the situation, and sometimes simply jumped to the stage to directly intervene in armed forces, thus achieving their plundering resources and manipulating geopolitics."
巴沙尔靠什么挺过十年
What did Bashar do to survive for ten years,
新华社瞭望智库研究院副院长姜铁英2012年和2013年曾任驻叙利亚记者，此后一直关注当地的局势。姜铁英告诉《环球时报》记者，那两年随着外部势力公开介入叙利亚危机，叙国内状况每况愈下，叙利亚反对派武装力量针对叙利亚政府军事、安全与情报等强力部门的爆炸袭击日益增多，他曾在住所居高临下看到过反对派与政府军激烈交火，看到过满身鲜血的死难者遗体被转移的惨烈景象。
Jiang Tieying, vice-president of the Xinhua News Agency's Lookout Think Tank Research Institute, served as a reporter in Syria in 2012 and 2013 and has been paying close attention to the local situation ever since. Jiang Tieying told Global Times reporters, In those two years, with the public intervention of external forces in the Syrian crisis, The domestic situation in Syria is getting worse and worse. The number of bombings by the Syrian opposition armed forces against the Syrian government's military, security and intelligence departments is increasing day by day. He has seen the fierce exchange of fire between the opposition and government forces from a high position in his residence and the tragic scene of the bodies of the bloody victims being transferred.
在姜铁英看来，已持续十年的叙利亚危机大致经历四个主要阶段：一是叙内战持续加剧期（2011年3月至2014年6月），叙政府领导的武装力量与西方及海湾国家支持的叙利亚反对派武装在全境激烈拼杀，叙利亚国内危机逐步“国际化”并转为“代理人战争”。二是乘虚而入的恐怖组织“伊斯兰国”的逐渐扩张期（2014年6月至2015年9月）， 随之而来的是美国以打击“伊斯兰国”的名义公开军事介入叙利亚危机。三是俄罗斯强势出兵叙利亚，介入地区局势（2015年9月至2017年12月），叙政权转危为安。四是叙政府军逐步收复失地谋求重建（2018年至今），在俄罗斯、伊朗等国的支持下，叙政府军乘胜追击掌握七成多的国土控制权，同时努力恢复国内秩序谋求国家重建。
In Jiang Tieying's view, the Syrian crisis, which has lasted for ten years, has roughly gone through four main stages: First, the civil war in Syria has continued to intensify (March 2011 to June 2014). The armed forces led by the Syrian government and the Syrian opposition forces supported by the West and Gulf countries have been fighting fiercely throughout the country. The domestic crisis in Syria has gradually "internationalized" and turned into "proxy war". The second is the gradual expansion period (June 2014 to September 2015) of the terrorist organization "Islamic State" that took advantage of the situation, followed by the open military intervention of the United States in the Syrian crisis in the name of fighting against "Islamic State". Third, Russia sent strong troops to Syria and intervened in the regional situation (September 2015 to December 2017). The Syrian regime turned the corner. Fourth, the Syrian government forces have gradually recovered their lost territory and sought reconstruction (from 2018 till now). With the support of Russia, Iran and other countries, the Syrian government forces have pursued victory and taken control of more than 70% of their territory, while striving to restore domestic order and seek national reconstruction.
回望这10年，起初有限的叙国内政治危机为何演变成冷战后罕见的大规模地区性“混合战争”？姜铁英认为，这是叙国内外尖锐矛盾与大国地缘政治博弈相互碰撞的必然结果。从内部来看，危机爆发前，巴沙尔政权推行的改革举措未能达到预期效果。从外部来看，危机爆发后，美国和西方对叙进行长期经济制裁，大国和地区国家在这里你争我夺。内外交困之下，叙失业攀升、腐败加剧、族群对立等矛盾突出。由于缺乏现代化、科学化的社会治理能力与治理体系，叙当局难以解决矛盾，化解社会风险。
Looking back over the past 10 years, why did the initially limited domestic political crisis in Syria turn into a rare large-scale regional "mixed war" after the Cold War? Jiang Tieying believes that this is the inevitable result of the collision between the sharp contradictions at home and abroad in Syria and the geopolitical games of major powers. From an internal point of view, before the crisis broke out, the reform measures carried out by Bashar regime failed to achieve the expected results. From an external point of view, after the crisis broke out, the United States and the West imposed long-term economic sanctions on Syria, with big countries and regional countries competing here. Under the internal and external difficulties, Syria's unemployment is rising, corruption is intensifying, and ethnic conflicts are prominent. Due to the lack of modern and scientific social governance capability and governance system, it is difficult for the Syrian authorities to resolve contradictions and social risks.
叙利亚巴沙尔政权能挺过来实属不易，这背后有阿盟的斡旋，有联合国推动的各派和谈，有俄罗斯的军事介入，有叙利亚反对派的四分五裂，甚至“伊斯兰国”的肆虐也让美国意识到其自身在中东的利益受到更大威胁，而为了获得叙情报机构的支持，时任美国国务卿克里甚至表示，“我们不得不与叙政府展开谈判”。2018年3月，美国《外交》杂志双月刊网站一篇谈论“美国对叙利亚遏制战略”的文章称，美在叙的利益在于确定战场收益后离开这个“冲突的泥潭”。文章还承认，在叙利亚危机中，俄罗斯占了上风，而美国实现了击败“伊斯兰国” 的主要目标。
It is not easy for Syria's Bashar regime to survive. This is backed by the mediation of the Arab League, With the UN-sponsored peace talks between various factions, Russia's military intervention, the fragmentation of the Syrian opposition and even the rampant "Islamic State" have made the United States realize that its own interests in the Middle East are under greater threat. In order to gain the support of Syrian intelligence agencies, then U.S. Secretary of State Kerry even said, "We have to start negotiations with the Syrian government." In March 2018, an article on the bimonthly website of the U.S. Magazine Diplomacy on "U.S. Containment Strategy against Syria" said that the U.S. Interest in Syria lies in leaving the "quagmire of conflict" after determining battlefield benefits. The article also admitted that Russia had the upper hand in the Syrian crisis, while the United States achieved its main goal of defeating the Islamic State.
主人离家，因为怕打扰“客人”
The host left home for fear of disturbing the "guests"
有大马士革人说过这样一句话：“如果我们（叙利亚人民）不离开自己的国家，会打扰到各国在那里的争斗。”这是因为美国、土耳其和俄罗斯在叙都有自己的势力，黎巴嫩真主党和伊朗支持的民兵也在那里参加战斗。
Some Damascus people said such a sentence: "If we (the Syrian people) do not leave our country, it will disturb the struggle among countries there." This is because the United States, Turkey and Russia all have their own forces in Syria, and Lebanese Hezbollah and Iranian-backed militias are also taking part in the fighting there.
叙利亚政治分析人士艾卜·奥马尔告诉《环球时报》记者，过去十年间的情况已充分说明，叙利亚问题狭义上是叙自身在发展与改革之路上面临的危机；在广义上，则是将美国、俄罗斯、土耳其、伊朗、以色列和海湾国家等各方势力牵扯在一起的地缘政治博弈。他分析说，美国总统拜登就职以来，美国政府已逐渐展现出用叙问题向伊朗施压，以安抚地区盟友的态势；叙北部与土耳其相关的一系列矛盾纠葛和现实纷争，在2021年内也亟待现实可行的解决方案；此外，联合国框架内的各个多边协调机制和平台，在2021年里也面临着艰巨的任务和挑战，“尤其是在全球新冠肺炎疫情的影响仍十分巨大的时间段里，国际社会继续保持对叙利亚问题的关注与协调，将变得十分关键和重要”。除物资援助和经济重建外，叙利亚问题相关各方应克服当前种种困难，弥合分歧，尽快商讨出全面、妥善、渐进和具有可操作性的综合解决方案。
Syrian political analyst Ib Omar told Global Times reporters that the situation in the past ten years has fully demonstrated that the Syrian issue is a crisis Syria itself faces on the road to development and reform in a narrow sense. Broadly speaking, it is a geopolitical game involving the United States, Russia, Turkey, Iran, Israel and Gulf countries. He analyzed and said that since U.S. President Biden took office, the U.S. Government has gradually shown the trend of using the Syria issue to put pressure on Iran to appease its allies in the region. A series of contradictions and disputes related to northern Syria and Turkey also need realistic and feasible solutions in 2021. In addition, various multilateral coordination mechanisms and platforms within the framework of the United Nations will also face arduous tasks and challenges in 2021. "Especially during the period when the impact of the global new crown pneumonia epidemic is still very great, it will become very critical and important for the international community to continue to maintain its attention and coordination on the Syrian issue." In addition to material assistance and economic reconstruction, all parties concerned on the Syrian issue should overcome the current difficulties, bridge their differences and discuss a comprehensive, proper, gradual and operable comprehensive solution as soon as possible.
历经10年动荡，叙利亚如今是否会因巴沙尔政权重新控制大部分领土而迎来和平与重建的曙光？在姜铁英看来，叙实现重建需要以安全重建为前提、以政治重建为基础、以经济重建为目标。目前来看，这三方面要素都还不太成熟。2月底至3月初，美国和以色列先后对叙境内的伊朗军事目标实施空中打击，再次说明叙安全形势的脆弱性。
After 10 years of turmoil, will Syria now usher in the dawn of peace and reconstruction as Bashar regime regains control of most of its territory? In Jiang Tieying's view, Syria's reconstruction needs to be based on safe reconstruction, political reconstruction and economic reconstruction. At present, these three factors are not mature. From the end of February to the beginning of March, the United States and Israel successively carried out air strikes against Iranian military targets in Syria, once again demonstrating the fragility of Syria's security situation.
当前主导叙利亚政治重建的国际多边政治磋商机制包括强调“维护叙利亚主权、独立、统一与领土完整，由叙利亚人民主导该国政治进程与国家未来”的“叙利亚问题阿斯塔纳会谈”等，但由于美俄等大国在“巴沙尔去留”“叙各政治力量利益分配”“叙国家未来构架与民族和解进程”等关乎各自利益的核心问题上存在着根本性分歧，叙政治重建在较长时间内将难以找到可实施落地的解决办法。
The current international multilateral political consultation mechanism leading Syria's political reconstruction includes the "Astana Talks on Syria" which emphasizes "safeguarding Syria's sovereignty, independence, unity and territorial integrity, with the Syrian people leading the country's political process and the country's future". However, due to fundamental differences between major powers such as the United States and Russia on core issues related to their respective interests, such as "whether Bashar will stay or not", "distribution of interests of various political forces in Syria", "future framework of Syria's state and national reconciliation process", it will be difficult to find a solution that can be implemented in Syria's political reconstruction for a long time.
姜铁英认为，相比安全、政治重建，叙利亚经济重建难度更是超乎想象。2019年以来，叙政府先后公布数十个重建规划方案，但所需的巨额资金难以筹措以及大型基建项目竞标、国际招商引资等工作进展缓慢。2020年6月生效的美国《凯撒叙利亚平民保护法》对叙经济重建简直是釜底抽薪，该法案以“侵犯叙平民”为由，连带对俄罗斯、伊朗支持叙国防、能源、基础设施的机构予以经济制裁，其他国家投资机构也面临被牵连风险。
Jiang Tieying believes that compared with security and political reconstruction, Syria's economic reconstruction is more difficult than imagination. Since 2019, the Syrian government has announced dozens of reconstruction plans successively, but the huge amount of funds needed is difficult to raise, and the work of bidding for large-scale infrastructure projects and international investment promotion and capital introduction is progressing slowly. The U.S. Caesar's Syrian Civilians Protection Law, which came into effect in June 2020, is simply a radical step towards Syria's economic reconstruction. The bill, citing "aggression against Syrian civilians", imposes economic sanctions on Russian and Iranian institutions supporting Syria's defense, energy and infrastructure. Investment institutions in other countries also face the risk of being implicated.
尽管叙利亚“真正的春天”还没有到来，但叙利亚民众对国家逐步恢复秩序之后的发展前景仍保持乐观。姜铁英这几天与几位叙利亚朋友联系，正在研修英语文学的大马士革大学学生法赫米向他感叹：“相比几年前，现在与朋友聚会不用担心被爆炸袭击了，我相信以后会更好！”42岁的叙利亚律师阿扎里坚信，“叙战后重建与国家的‘新生’最终还要靠叙利亚人自己的努力”。2014年逃难到瑞典的叙利亚商人加桑·哈利德坦言，与其他在欧叙利亚难民一样，他的朋友圈子里还是阿拉伯人，“很难让瑞典人在文化与价值观上接受我们这样的外来客”。已拿到欧洲居住许可的加桑·哈利德说：“将来我会带着家人回来投资，因为叙利亚才是我们的家！”让人欣慰的是，到2020年年底，已有超过219万叙利亚人陆续返回家园。不久前，还有两个工业区恢复运转，吸引了部分从国外返回的叙企业家参与战后重建。在应对疫情方面，包括中国在内的友好国家也纷纷表示向叙利亚提供新冠疫苗援助……在多方的共同努力和推动下，叙利亚正看到越来越多和平的曙光。
Although Syria's "real spring" has not yet arrived, the Syrian people are still optimistic about the development prospects after the country gradually returns order. Jiang Tieying has contacted several Syrian friends these days. Fahmi, a student of Damascus University who is studying English literature, sighed to him: "Compared with a few years ago, there is no need to worry about being attacked by explosions when meeting friends now. I believe it will be better in the future!" Azari, a 42-year-old Syrian lawyer, firmly believes that "Syria's post-war reconstruction and the" rebirth "of the country ultimately depend on the efforts of the Syrians themselves". Ghassan Halid, a Syrian businessman who fled to Sweden in 2014, admitted frankly that like other Syrian refugees in Europe, his circle of friends is still Arabs, "it is difficult for Swedes to accept foreigners like us in terms of culture and values". Ghassan Halid, who has obtained a European residence permit, said: "I will bring my family back to invest in the future, because Syria is our home!" Thankfully, by the end of 2020, more than 2.19 million Syrians had returned home one after another. Not long ago, two more industrial zones resumed operation, attracting some Syrian entrepreneurs returning from abroad to participate in post-war reconstruction. In response to the epidemic, friendly countries including China have also expressed their support for Syria with new vaccines... With the joint efforts and promotion of many parties, Syria is seeing more and more dawn of peace.
(环球时报驻叙利亚特派记者 薛丹 环球时报记者 李潇 姜铁英)
(Xue Dan, Global Times Special Correspondent in Syria, and Li Xiao Jiang Tieying, Global Times Correspondent)
