大河上下满目新
The river is full of new things
万里黄河，奔流不息。大河上下，焕然一新。
Thousands of miles of Yellow River, running endlessly. Up and down the river, a new look.
“共同抓好大保护，协同推进大治理，让黄河成为造福人民的幸福河。”连日来，记者在黄河上中下游采访发现，沿黄各省区按照习近平总书记为黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展擘画的宏伟蓝图，全面加强生态环境保护、推动高质量发展，搭建起黄河保护治理的“四梁八柱”。生态优先、绿色发展的“黄河大合唱”越唱越嘹亮。
"We will work together to protect the Yellow River and promote its governance in a coordinated manner, so as to make the Yellow River a happy river for the benefit of the people." Over the past few days, reporters have interviewed the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and found that the provinces and regions along the Yellow River have comprehensively strengthened the protection of the ecological environment, promoted high-quality development and built the "four beams and eight pillars" for the protection and management of the Yellow River in accordance with the grand blueprint drawn by General Secretary Xi Jinping for the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. The "Yellow River Chorus" of ecological priority and green development is singing more and more loudly.
两岸换绿装 大河满目新
Green Clothes on Both Sides of the River
位于黄河源头的扎陵湖和鄂陵湖，宛如镶嵌在大地上的“宝石”。从远处望去，湛蓝的湖水与冰川、草地交融，越来越多的野生动物在此栖居。
Located at the source of the Yellow River, Zaling Lake and Eling Lake are like "gems" inlaid on the earth. From a distance, the blue lake blends with glaciers and grasslands, where more and more wild animals live.
上游有水下游丰。被誉为“三江之源”“中华水塔”的青海，既是源头区，也是干流区，为黄河下游提供了近一半的优质源头活水。
There is water upstream and abundant downstream. Qinghai, known as the "source of the three rivers" and "China Water Tower," is not only the source area, but also the main stream area, providing nearly half of the high-quality source of fresh water for the lower reaches of the Yellow River.
“以前从草原上消失的藏野驴、藏原羚又慢慢回到这里，狼、熊、狐狸也时常出没。”作为生态管护员，索索每个月有20多天在巡护的路上。“草场上的草长得好了，湖泊的面积也大了，越来越多的人愿意为绿水青山出一份力。”
"Tibetan wild donkeys and Tibetan gazelles, which disappeared from the grassland before, are slowly returning here. Wolves, bears and foxes also haunt here from time to time." As an eco-keeper, Soso spends more than 20 days a month on patrol. "The grass on the grassland grows well, and the area of the lake is also large. More and more people are willing to contribute to the green water and green mountains."
党的二十大报告提出，“持续深入打好蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战”“统筹水资源、水环境、水生态治理，推动重要江河湖库生态保护治理”。黄河是连接青藏高原、黄土高原、华北平原和渤海的天然生态廊道，是事关中华民族生存发展的重要生态安全屏障，筑牢这个国家生态安全屏障尤为关键。
The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed that "we should continue to fight for the defense of blue sky, clear water and pure land" and "coordinate the management of water resources, water environment and water ecology, and promote the ecological protection and management of important rivers, lakes and reservoirs." The Yellow River is a natural ecological corridor connecting the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Loess Plateau, the North China Plain and the Bohai Sea. It is an important ecological security barrier for the survival and development of the Chinese nation. It is particularly crucial to build up this national ecological security barrier.
在黄河上游，青海、四川、甘肃以三江源、若尔盖湿地、祁连山为重点，推进实施一批重大生态保护修复工程。“过去五年来，三江源地区向下游输送水量年均增加近100亿立方米，‘中华水塔’水量丰沛。”三江源国家公园研究院学术院长赵新全说。
In the upper reaches of the Yellow River, Qinghai, Sichuan and Gansu, focusing on Sanjiangyuan, Ruoergai Wetland and Qilian Mountain, promoted the implementation of a number of major ecological protection and restoration projects. "In the past five years, the water delivered to the lower reaches of the Three Rivers Source Region has increased by nearly 10 billion cubic meters annually, and the 'China Water Tower' has abundant water." Sanjiangyuan National Park Research Institute academic dean Zhao Xinquan said.
在黄河中游，万里长河劈山越岭，穿行晋陕峡谷。放眼望去，昔日荒坡披上植被，漫漫荒沙被锁住。不少地方都成了远近闻名的郊游好去处。
In the middle reaches of the Yellow River, thousands of miles of long rivers cut through mountains and mountains and pass through the Jin-Shaanxi Gorge. Looking out, the former barren slope covered with vegetation, the long desert sand was locked. Many places have become well-known for their outings.
陕西省榆林市米脂县高西沟村，曾是千沟万壑、植被稀少、黄土裸露的陕北贫困小山村。如今，站在村中的龙头山上，蓝天白云下，山岭植被繁茂，梯田点缀其间，村民姜良彪倍感自豪：“现在黄河的水里再也没有高西沟的泥沙。”
Gaoxigou Village, Mizhi County, Yulin City, Shaanxi Province, was once a poor small mountain village in northern Shaanxi with thousands of valleys, sparse vegetation and bare loess. Today, standing on the Longtou Mountain in the village, under the blue sky and white clouds, the mountain vegetation is luxuriant, terraced fields dotted among them, the villager Jiang Liangbiao feels proud: "Now there is no more sediment in the water of the Yellow River."
近五年来，山西省相继实施退耕还林、三北防护林、天然林保护、经济林提质增效等工程。山西省吕梁市市民张红感慨道：“环境变化太大了，根本看不出这里是一个煤焦生产大市，到处青山绿水，我们市民幸福感满满的。”
In the past five years, Shanxi Province has successively implemented projects such as returning farmland to forests, three-north shelterbelts, natural forest protection, economic forest quality improvement and efficiency enhancement, etc. Zhang Hong, a citizen of Lvliang City, Shanxi Province, said with emotion: "The environment has changed so much that we can't see that this is a big coal and coke production city. There are green mountains and green waters everywhere. Our citizens are full of happiness."
来到下游山东东营的黄河入海口，连片的盐地碱蓬火红如迎宾“红毯”，优雅的东方白鹳点缀其中。现在，黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区修复湿地20.6万亩，形成了“一次修复、自然演替、长期稳定”的良好湿地修复效果，生物多样性逐年提高，鸟类由建区时的187种增加到371种。黄河三角洲生态监测中心负责人刘静细数变化，“每年有数百万只鸟儿经由这里迁徙，其中一部分甚至在此越冬和繁殖”。
Arriving at the estuary of the Yellow River in Dongying, Shandong Province, the red carpet of Suaeda salsa is as red as a welcome guest, and the elegant Oriental White Stork is dotted among them. At present, the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve has restored 206,000 mu of wetlands, resulting in a good wetland restoration effect of "one-time restoration, natural succession and long-term stability." The biodiversity has increased year by year, and the number of bird species has increased from 187 in the construction period to 371. Liu Jing, director of the Yellow River Delta Ecological Monitoring Center, recounted the changes."Millions of birds migrate here every year, and some of them even overwinter and breed here."
党的二十大报告提出，要推进美丽中国建设，坚持山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理。记者了解到，坚持“推进生态优先、节约集约、绿色低碳发展”，顺应自然、尊重规律，沿黄各省区已闻令而动，全面加强生态环境保护，坚决打好污染防治攻坚战，用生态的办法治理生态。
The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to promote the construction of a beautiful China and adhere to the integrated protection and systematic governance of mountains, rivers, forests, farmland, lakes, grass and sand. The reporter learned that adhering to "promoting ecological priority, conservation and intensive, green and low-carbon development," conforming to nature and respecting the law, the provinces and regions along the Yellow River have heard the order to strengthen the protection of the ecological environment in an all-round way, resolutely fight the battle of pollution prevention and control, and use ecological methods to manage the ecology.
共抓大保护 唱好“大合唱”
Jointly Grasp Great Protection and Sing "Cantata"
治理黄河，重在保护，要在治理。黄河流域上中下游不同地区自然条件千差万别，生态建设重点各有不同。统筹谋划上下游、左右岸、干支流、堤内外系统治理，一系列有针对性的措施推动黄河流域生态环境明显向好，黄河“健康指数”不断提升。
To harness the Yellow River, the emphasis is on protection and governance. The natural conditions of the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River vary greatly, and the ecological construction priorities are different. Overall planning for the upstream and downstream, left and right banks, main and tributaries, and inside and outside dykes has been carried out. A series of targeted measures have promoted the ecological environment of the Yellow River Basin to be significantly better, and the "health index" of the Yellow River has been continuously improved.
黄河上游，生态退化趋势加快遏制，水源涵养能力持续增强。在四川阿坝州，流域四县治理“两化三害”草原354.6万亩，流动沙化面积从2016年的5.15万亩降到0.25万亩；宁夏开展“一河三山”生态保护修复，森林覆盖率提高到16.9%。
In the upper reaches of the Yellow River, the trend of ecological degradation has been accelerated and the water conservation capacity has been continuously enhanced. In Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province, the four counties in the river basin have managed 3.546 million mu of grassland with "two modernizations and three disasters," and the area of mobile desertification has decreased from 51,500 mu in 2016 to 2,500 mu. Ningxia carried out ecological protection and restoration of "one river and three mountains," and the forest coverage rate increased to 16.9%.
黄河中游，全面保护天然林，加大水土流失综合治理力度。控污、增湿、清淤、绿岸、调水“五策并举”，山西实施汾河中上游生态保护修复工程，使汾河源头水质达到国家二类生活用水标准；陕西平均每年输入黄河的泥沙量，已从多年前的8.3亿吨减少到如今的2.68亿吨。
In the middle reaches of the Yellow River, natural forests should be fully protected and efforts should be made to comprehensively control soil erosion. Pollution control, humidification, dredging, green bank, water diversion "five policies simultaneously," Shanxi implementation of Fenhe middle and upper reaches of ecological protection and restoration project, so that Fenhe source water quality to meet the national Class II domestic water standards; Shaanxi's average annual sediment input into the Yellow River has fallen from 830 million tons years ago to 268 million tons today.
黄河下游，加大生态系统保护修复力度。山东黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区自2017年以来增长了188平方公里。河南推进流域内矿山综合整治，让8.6万亩历史遗留矿山披上了绿衣。
In the lower reaches of the Yellow River, efforts will be made to protect and restore the ecosystem. Shandong Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve has grown by 188 square kilometers since 2017. Henan promoted the comprehensive renovation of mines in the basin, making 86,000 mu of historical mines covered with green clothes.
通过强化污染治理联防联控，陕西省渭南市与沿黄6个城市携手，建立跨界流域上下游突发水污染事件联防联控机制，实行黄河流域综合整治共商治理措施，合力推进水环境整治。
Through strengthening the joint prevention and control of pollution control, Weinan City Shaanxi Province has joined hands with six cities along the Yellow River to establish a joint prevention and control mechanism for sudden water pollution incidents in the upstream and downstream of transboundary basins, implement comprehensive control measures for the Yellow River basin, and jointly promote water environment control.
在鲁豫大地，上下游协同治理助力黄河生态趋好。去年，山东、河南两省在全国率先实行省际黄河流域横向生态补偿。由于黄河入鲁水质始终保持在二类水质以上，山东根据协议兑现河南生态补偿资金1.26亿元，鲁豫、黄河实现多赢。今年，协议继续执行，鲁豫两省携手保护黄河生态的格局已经形成。
In the land of Shandong and Henan Province, the upstream and downstream coordinated management helps the Yellow River ecology to improve. Last year, Shandong and Henan provinces took the lead in implementing horizontal ecological compensation for the Yellow River Basin at the provincial level. As the water quality of the Yellow River entering Shandong is always above Class II water quality, Shandong cashed 126 million yuan of ecological compensation fund for Henan according to the agreement, realizing win-win situation for Shandong, Henan and Yellow River. This year, the agreement continues to be implemented, and the pattern of Shandong and Henan provinces working hand in hand to protect the ecology of the Yellow River has taken shape.
今年6月，生态环境部联合多部门印发《黄河流域生态环境保护规划》。规划以提升生态环境质量为核心，为深入打好黄河流域碧水、蓝天、净土保卫战，进一步改善黄河流域生态环境质量制定了时间表和路线图。10月，十三届全国人大常委会第三十七次会议表决通过黄河保护法，黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展有了法律保障。
In June this year, the Ministry of Ecological Environment jointly issued the Ecological Environment Protection Plan of the Yellow River Basin. The plan focuses on improving the quality of the ecological environment. It has formulated a timetable and road map for further defending the clear water, blue sky and pure land in the Yellow River Basin and further improving the quality of the ecological environment in the Yellow River Basin. In October, the 37th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress voted to adopt the Yellow River Protection Law, which provides legal guarantee for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin.
以水为基 绘就宏伟蓝图
Drawing a Grand Blueprint Based on Water
水是生命之源、生产之要、生态之基。黄河流域以全国2%的水资源，承担了全国12%的人口、17%的耕地以及50多座大中城市的供水任务。水资源短缺，是流域最大的矛盾。
Water is the source of life, the key to production and the foundation of ecology. The Yellow River Basin, with 2% of the country's water resources, undertakes the task of water supply for 12% of the country's population, 17% of the cultivated land and more than 50 large and medium-sized cities. The shortage of water resources is the biggest contradiction in the basin.
近年来，沿黄各省区量水而行，不断提升水资源集约节约利用水平，以水定城、以水定地、以水定人、以水定产，推进产业全面绿色发展。
In recent years, the provinces and regions along the Yellow River have measured water, continuously improving the level of intensive and economical utilization of water resources, determining cities, land, people and production by water, and promoting the overall green development of the industry.
宁夏调节好从黄河取水的“水龙头”，全区高效节水灌溉农田累计达到487万亩，占灌溉总面积近一半；内蒙古大力推进农业节水增效、工业节水减排和城镇节水降损，不断提升各领域水资源利用效率；河南把1952万亩高标准农田升级为高效节水灌溉田，每年可节水1亿多立方米……沿黄各省区以水为基，加快建设现代化经济体系，推动黄河流域高质量发展。
Ningxia has adjusted the "taps" that draw water from the Yellow River, and the total area of high-efficiency water-saving irrigated farmland in the region has reached 4.87 million mu, accounting for nearly half of the total irrigated area. Inner Mongolia vigorously promotes agricultural water-saving and efficiency-increasing, industrial water-saving and emission-reducing, and urban water-saving and loss-reducing, and continuously improves the utilization efficiency of water resources in various fields. Henan has upgraded 19.52 million mu of high-standard farmland to high-efficiency water-saving irrigation field, which can save more than 100 million cubic meters of water every year. Based on water, provinces and regions along the Yellow River will accelerate the construction of modern economic system and promote the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.
在宁夏彭阳县玉洼村，大山里生活了一辈子的村民马丙凤最近吃上了“生态饭”。“我们村在金鸡坪梯田景区附近，以前我们只能种‘跑土、跑水、跑肥’的‘三跑田’过活，一年到头收不上粮食，这些年村里一直平田造林，还发展起了民宿，我打工一个月挣2400元。”乘着黄河治理的东风，彭阳将生态建设与全域旅游结合，规划观景节点，发展林下经济，如今，这里已经成为旅游热门“打卡地”。
In Yuwa Village, Pengyang County, Ningxia, Ma Bingfeng, a villager who has lived in the mountains all his life, recently ate "ecological food." "Our village is near the Jinjiping Terraced Field Scenic Spot. In the past, we could only grow 'three running fields' that 'ran soil, water and fertilizer' to live. We couldn't harvest food all year round. In recent years, the village has been leveling fields for afforestation and developed residential accommodation. I earn 2400 yuan a month by working." Taking advantage of the east wind of Yellow River governance, Pengyang combines ecological construction with tourism in the whole region, plans scenic spots and develops under-forest economy. Now, it has become a popular tourist "punch card place."
“治理黄河流域水土流失的一大目标是要增加农民收入，实现山绿民富。”宁夏水利厅水土保持处处长李克文说，“统筹水土保持与特色产业、文化旅游，建设生态经济型小流域，夯实农业增效、农民增收生态基础，宁夏南部水源涵养区农村居民人均可支配收入较2015年增长70.7%。”
"One of the major goals of harnessing soil erosion in the Yellow River Basin is to increase farmers 'income and realize green mountains and prosperity for the people." Li Kewen, director of the Water and Soil Conservation Division of Ningxia Water Resources Department, said,"The per capita disposable income of rural residents in the water conservation area of southern Ningxia increased by 70.7 percent compared with 2015 by coordinating water and soil conservation with characteristic industries and cultural tourism, building eco-economic small watersheds, consolidating the ecological foundation for agricultural efficiency and increasing farmers 'income."
如今，黄河流域生态环境质量越治越好，沿黄各省区高质量发展之路越走越宽：
At present, the ecological environment quality of the Yellow River Basin is better and better, and the road of high-quality development along the Yellow River is wider and wider:
山东锚定“走在前”，动能接续转换加速推进，新经济投资加速布局。今年前三季度，“四新”经济投资同比增长13.4%，增速高于全部投资6.9个百分点；
Shandong anchored "walking ahead," kinetic energy continuous transformation accelerated, and new economic investment accelerated layout. In the first three quarters of this year, investment in the "four new" economy increased by 13.4% year-on-year, 6.9 percentage points higher than total investment.
山西坚定不移推动资源型经济转型，2021年规模以上工业中，高技术制造业增长34.2%，工业战略性新兴产业增长19.5%，产业转型发展态势良好；
Shanxi unswervingly promoted the transformation of resource-based economy. In 2021, among industries above designated size, high-tech manufacturing industry increased by 34.2%, industrial strategic emerging industries increased by 19.5%, and industrial transformation and development trend was good;
陕西前三季度经济运行主要指标增速加快，稳居全国第一方阵，以比亚迪、吉利、陕汽等为代表的新能源汽车产业全国领先；
The growth rate of Shaanxi's main economic indicators accelerated in the first three quarters, ranking first in the country steadily, and the new energy automobile industry represented by BYD, Geely and Shaanxi Automobile Co., Ltd. led the country.
河南大力实施创新驱动发展战略，改造升级传统产业、培育壮大新兴产业，在高铁轴承、智能传感等关键核心技术取得新突破，一批重大创新成果正引领全省制造业高质量发展……
Henan vigorously implements the innovation-driven development strategy, transforms and upgrades traditional industries, cultivates and strengthens emerging industries, makes new breakthroughs in key core technologies such as high-speed rail bearings and intelligent sensing, and a number of major innovation achievements are leading the high-quality development of the province's manufacturing industry.
保护黄河是事关中华民族伟大复兴的千秋大计。面向未来，沿黄各省区将在党的二十大精神指引下保持历史耐心和战略定力，践行绿水青山就是金山银山的理念，站在人与自然和谐共生的高度奋力实现高质量发展，为构建黄河流域生态安全格局同心奋斗。
Protecting the Yellow River is a great plan for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Facing the future, the provinces and regions along the Yellow River will maintain historical patience and strategic determination under the guidance of the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, practice the concept that green water and green mountains are invaluable assets. Standing at the height of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, they will strive to achieve high-quality development and work together to build an ecological security pattern in the Yellow River Basin.
（记者杨守勇、张志龙、高天、王金金、张海磊、张玉洁、恩浩、姜辰蓉、张晨俊、邹欣媛、柴婷、牛少杰）
(Reporters Yang Shouyong, Zhang Zhilong, Gao Tian, Wang Jinjin, Zhang Hailei, Zhang Yujie, Enhao, Jiang Chenrong, Zhang Chenjun, Zou Xinyuan, Chai Ting, Niu Shaojie)
