2022年我国花卉出口额创历史新高

In 2022, China's flower exports reached a record high

近日，2022年我国花卉进出口数据发布。据海关统计，2022年我国花卉外贸顶住重重压力，花卉出口创历史新高，出口额近4.77亿美元，同比增长4.17%；进口额2.34亿美元，同比下降0.68%。

Recently, China's flower import and export data in 2022 was released. According to customs statistics, China's foreign trade in flowers in 2022 withstood heavy pressure and flower exports hit a record high, with exports amounting to nearly 477 million U.S. dollars, up 4.17% year-on-year; imports amounted to 234 million U.S. dollars, down 0.68% year-on-year.

从我国近些年花卉出口额变化来看，从2015年2.56亿美元到2018年3.09亿美元，再到2022年4.77亿美元，出口额逐年增加。

From the changes in China's flower exports in recent years, from $256 million in 2015 to $309 million in 2018 and then to $477 million in 2022, the export value has increased year by year.

我国出口花卉产品丰富、种类多样，除种苗、种球外，2022年其他类别花卉产品均呈现不同幅度增长。

China's exports of flower products are rich and diverse, except for seedlings and seedpods, other categories of flower products in 2022 are showing varying degrees of growth.

数据显示，2022年盆栽植物和鲜切花是主要的出口种类，出口额分别为1.81亿美元、1.25亿美元，占总出口额六成以上。其中，鲜切花和干切花的出口额数据令人眼前一亮，均同比增长超10%，表明这两类产品国际市场认可程度大幅提高。

The data show that potted plants and fresh cut flowers were the main export categories in 2022, with export values of $181 million and $125 million respectively, accounting for more than 60% of the total exports. Among them, the export value figures of fresh cut flowers and dried cut flowers are eye-catching, both up by more than 10% year-on-year, indicating that the international market recognition of these two types of products has increased significantly.

2022年，我国花卉产品出口至112个国家和地区，前十大主销市场分别为：日本、越南、美国、韩国、荷兰、泰国、中国香港、澳大利亚、新加坡和德国，出口额占比为81.86%。其中，日本位列第一，出口额为1.03亿美元；越南虽位列第二，出口额为6014.3万美元，但增幅最明显，同比增长169.79%；美国位列第三，出口额为5116.8万美元；荷兰同比降幅最大，达25.9%。

In 2022, China's flower products exported to 112 countries and regions, the top ten main sales markets were: Japan, Vietnam, the United States, South Korea, the Netherlands, Thailand, Hong Kong, Australia, Singapore and Germany, the export value accounted for 81.86%. Among them, Japan ranked first, with an export value of 103 million U.S. dollars; Vietnam ranked second, with an export value of 60.143 million U.S. dollars, but the most obvious increase, up 169.79% year-on-year; the United States ranked third, with an export value of 51.168 million U.S. dollars; the Netherlands had the largest year-on-year decrease of 25.9%.

广东、云南、福建是我国花卉出口大省，三省约占全国花卉出口总额的69.96%。出口额前十位的区省（区、市）中，山东、广西出现大幅增长，出口额分别为2441.7万美元、423万美元，同比增长99.59%和50.09%；河北、上海、福建、安徽出口额同比下降。

Guangdong, Yunnan and Fujian are China's major flower export provinces, the three provinces account for about 69.96% of the total national flower exports. Among the top ten export provinces (regions and municipalities), Shandong and Guangxi saw significant growth, with exports of $24.417 million and $4.23 million respectively, up 99.59% and 50.09% year-on-year; exports from Hebei, Shanghai, Fujian and Anhui fell year-on-year.

在2022年我国各类花卉产品进口数据中，前三名分别为种球、鲜切花和盆栽植物，进口额分别为1.39亿美元、4696.6万美元和1813.7万美元。其中，种球进口占比最高，达59.62%，进口额同比增长18.62%。除种球外，其他各大类产品进口额同比呈不同幅度下降。

In 2022, China's import data of various types of flower products, the top three were seed balls, fresh cut flowers and potted plants, with imports of $139 million, $46.966 million and $18.137 million, respectively. Among them, the highest percentage of seed ball imports, 59.62%, imports increased by 18.62% year-on-year. In addition to seeds, imports of other major categories of products fell by varying degrees year-on-year.

2022年，我国花卉进口来源地为58个国家和地区。荷兰、日本、泰国是我国重要的花卉进口来源国，进口额约占我国花卉进口总额的75%，其中荷兰位居进口额榜单第一位，进口额达1.35亿美元，占进口总额的57.97%。另外，前十位进口来源国中除了荷兰、秘鲁进口额同比增长外，其余均呈现不同程度的下降。

In 2022, China's flower imports originated from 58 countries and regions. The Netherlands, Japan and Thailand are important source countries for China's flower imports, with imports accounting for about 75% of China's total flower imports, with the Netherlands ranking first on the list of imports, with imports amounting to $135 million, accounting for 57.97% of total imports. In addition, the top ten countries of import, in addition to the Netherlands, Peru imports year-on-year growth, the rest are showing varying degrees of decline.

从我国花卉进口省（区、市）来看，2022年云南花卉进口领跑全国，进口额达8366.8万美元，同比增长15.79%。上海、广东、浙江和北京的花卉进口额也位居前列，但同比均呈现不同程度的下降。

From the perspective of China's flower importing provinces (regions and cities), Yunnan flower imports led the country in 2022, with imports reaching $83.668 million, up 15.79% year-on-year. Shanghai, Guangdong, Zhejiang and Beijing also ranked top in terms of flower imports, but all showed different degrees of decline year-on-year.

总的来看，2022年我国花卉进出口数据呈“一升一降”，充分体现随着我国花卉产品品质的不断提高，在国际市场上受国外花商的青睐程度提升，且抢占了部分进口产品的市场份额。

Overall, in 2022, China's flower import and export data were "one up, one down", fully reflecting that with the continuous improvement in the quality of China's flower products, the favor of foreign florists in the international market has increased, and seized part of the market share of imported products.

然而，不足依然存在，这一点从种球进口和出口的数据情况就足以体现。2022年我国种球出口额为249.1万美元，进口额则为1.39亿美元，我国种球在全球的占有率低，进出口贸易逆差严重。

However, deficiencies still exist, as reflected by the data situation of seed ball imports and exports. 2022 China's seed ball exports amounted to US$ 2.491 million, while imports amounted to US$ 139 million, and China's seed balls have a low global share and a serious import and export trade deficit.

以我国进口量较大的球根花卉郁金香为例，随着近20年来我国对郁金香的需求提升，促使进口郁金香种球量与日俱增，年进口量增长达30%以上，2018年进口量达4亿粒。

To China's imports of large amounts of bulbous flowers tulips, for example, as China's demand for tulips has increased in the past 20 years, prompting imports of tulip seed balls are increasing day by day, with annual imports increasing by more than 30%, with imports reaching 400 million in 2018.

但实际上，我国有丰富的郁金香野生花卉种质资源，是郁金香的原产地之一，大约10%的野生种分布在我国，而进口来源地之一的荷兰并没有野生郁金香资源分布。正是因为这些野生资源没有得到较好开发和利用，使得郁金香产业的种源几乎被国外“垄断”。

But in fact, China is rich in tulip wild flower germplasm resources, is one of the origin of tulips, about 10% of the wild species distribution in China, while the Netherlands, one of the sources of imports and no wild tulip resources distribution. It is because these wild resources are not well developed and utilized, making the tulip industry's seed source is almost foreign "monopoly".

可喜的是，由辽宁省农业科学院屈连伟研究员团队以中国野生郁金香种质资源为父本，以现有优良的栽培品种为母本，开展远缘杂交选育新品种，培育出的部分郁金香品种具有很强的抗退化能力，实现了多年持续开花。目前，团队已选育出19个国产郁金香新品种，其中17个通过国际登录、2个申请了农业农村部植物新品种权。

Happily, the team of researcher Qu Lianwei from Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences has carried out the selection of new varieties by distant crossbreeding using Chinese wild tulip germplasm resources as the parent and existing excellent cultivars as the mother, and produced some tulip varieties with strong resistance to degradation and achieved continuous flowering for many years. At present, the team has selected and bred 19 new domestic tulip varieties, 17 of which have passed international registration and two have applied for the new plant variety rights of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.

花卉种植业的发展核心在于花卉品种，品种的关键在于创新。目前，我国花卉产业已经基本完成了盲目引进、简单效仿、数量优先、无序竞争的初级发展阶段，产业基础基本奠定。相信在花卉科研人员的努力下，花卉育种问题将不断得到改善和提升，将会有越来越多具备自主知识产权的国产花卉品种登上国际舞台。（以上数据均来自海关统计，由中国食品土畜进出口商会花卉分会编辑整理。）（张萌）

The core of the development of the flower growing industry lies in flower varieties, and the key to varieties lies in innovation. At present, China's flower industry has basically completed the primary development stage of blind introduction, simple imitation, quantity priority and disorderly competition, and the industrial foundation has been basically laid. It is believed that with the efforts of flower researchers, flower breeding problems will be continuously improved and enhanced, and more and more domestic flower varieties with independent intellectual property rights will be on the international stage. (The above data are from customs statistics, edited and compiled by the Flower Branch of China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Foodstuffs, Native Produce and Animal By-Products.) (Zhang Meng)