German imaging satellite gets top billing on next SpaceX rideshare launch
德国成像卫星在SpaceX的下一次骑乘发射中获得最高荣誉
A $330 million German hyperspectral Earth-imaging satellite will hitch a ride to orbit from Cape Canaveral with 39 smaller commercial payloads on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket set for blastoff Friday.
一颗价值3.3亿美元的德国高光谱地球成像卫星将从卡纳维拉尔角与39个较小的商业有效载荷一起搭乘SpaceX猎鹰9号火箭进入轨道，该火箭定于周五爆炸。
The German observation satellite — named the Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program, or EnMAP — is sitting on top of a stack of microsatellites, CubeSats, and even smaller “picosats” ready for launch at 12:24 p.m. EDT (1624 GMT) Friday.
这颗德国观测卫星--被命名为环境测绘与分析计划，或EnMAP--位于一堆微型卫星、立方体卫星和更小的 "皮卡 "之上，准备在美国东部时间周五下午12:24（格林尼治标准时间1624）发射。
The mission is SpaceX’s fourth dedicated rideshare launch, called Transporter 4, carrying a flotilla of payloads for commercial startups and foreign governments. The 40 payloads on the Transporter 4 mission include spacecraft of various sizes, plus “non-deploying hosted payloads and an orbital transfer vehicle carrying spacecraft to be deployed at a later time,” SpaceX said.
这次任务是SpaceX的第四次专门的乘载发射，称为Transporter 4，为商业初创公司和外国政府携带有效载荷的船队。SpaceX说，Transporter 4任务的40个有效载荷包括不同大小的航天器，加上 "非部署的托管有效载荷和一个携带航天器的轨道转移飞行器，将在以后部署"。
EnMAP is the biggest of the bunch, weighing roughly 2,160 pounds (980 kilograms) and about the size of a compact car, dwarfing its co-passengers on the Transporter 4 mission.
EnMAP是其中最大的一个，大约有2,160磅（980公斤）重，大约有一辆紧凑型汽车那么大，使其在Transporter 4任务中的共同乘客相形见绌。
The EnMAP project is managed by DLR, the German space agency, which first approved the satellite for development in 2006. The launch of EnMAP has been delayed a decade due to technological and engineering problems, mainly associated with the satellite’s sophisticated imaging instrument.
EnMAP项目由德国航天局管理，该局于2006年首次批准开发该卫星。由于技术和工程问题，EnMAP的发射已经推迟了十年，这些问题主要与该卫星的精密成像仪器有关。
The satellite will scan Earth’s surface with a telescope and dual spectrometers tuned to see sunlight reflected off the ground, lakes, rivers, and oceans in 242 colors.
该卫星将用一个望远镜和双光谱仪扫描地球表面，调整后可以看到地面、湖泊、河流和海洋反射的242种颜色的太阳光。
“EnMAP is a satellite that acquires images of Earth,” said Sebastian Fischer, the mission manager at DLR. “However, an image is normally recorded in three different colors: red, green and blue. The unique thing about EnMAP is that it does not only concentrate on these three colors, but the light is split into very many, very small wavelength ranges.”
"EnMAP是一颗获取地球图像的卫星，"德国航天中心的任务经理Sebastian费舍尔说。"然而，一幅图像通常以三种不同的颜色记录：红色、绿色和蓝色。EnMAP的独特之处在于，它不仅仅集中在这三种颜色上，而是将光线分成非常多、非常小的波长范围。"
The extra detail can tell scientists, policymakers, businesses, farmers, and foresters about the state of the environment, giving insights about the health of vegetation and water pollution.
额外的细节可以告诉科学家、政策制定者、企业、农民和林务人员环境的状况，让他们了解植被的健康和水污染。
With EnMAP, “we have a separate image for each wavelength range, which we can then analyze,” Fischer said. “And we can detect, for example, if a plant does not have enough water, or if the plant is missing nutrients.”
有了EnMAP，"我们对每个波长范围都有一个单独的图像，然后我们可以对其进行分析，"费舍尔说。"例如，我们可以检测到植物是否有足够的水，或者植物是否缺少营养。
The EnMAP spacecraft and its hyperspectral imaging instrument were built by the German space company OHB. Originally, the plan was to send EnMAP aloft on a dedicated flight on a smaller rocket, such as India’s PSLV or the European Vega launcher, Fischer said.
EnMAP航天器及其高光谱成像仪器是由德国航天公司OHB制造的。费舍尔说，最初的计划是通过一个较小的火箭，如印度的PSLV或欧洲的Vega发射器，将EnMAP送上高空的专门飞行。
But SpaceX’s rideshare program offered EnMAP a ride to space at the right time.
但SpaceX的共享计划在适当的时候为EnMAP提供了通往太空的交通工具。
“In a moment where the launcher market is not too easy to get a quick launch ready for your mission, we were able to find with SpaceX a launch service that was fitting perfectly to our schedule, and that was one of the main reasons for the connection,” Fischer said.
"在发射器市场不太容易为你的任务做好快速发射准备的时刻，我们能够与SpaceX公司一起找到完全符合我们时间表的发射服务，这是联系的主要原因之一，"费舍尔说。
None of the other rockets on the commercial launch market offered a flight that fit EnMAP’s schedule.
商业发射市场上的其他火箭都没有提供符合EnMAP计划的飞行。
“We prefer to get it launched as soon as possible rather than delaying the program even further,” Fischer said in an interview with Spaceflight Now.
"费舍尔在接受Spaceflight Now采访时说："我们更愿意尽快发射，而不是进一步拖延计划。
SpaceX announced its small satellite rideshare launch service in 2019. It launched the first Transporter mission on Jan. 24, 2021, with a record 143 satellites on a single rocket. The Transporter 2 mission on June 30, 2021, carried 88 payloads into orbit, and Transporter 3 launched Jan. 13 with 105 spacecraft.
SpaceX在2019年宣布了其小型卫星共享发射服务。它在2021年1月24日发射了第一次Transporter任务，单枚火箭上有创纪录的143颗卫星。2021年6月30日的Transporter 2任务携带88个有效载荷进入轨道，Transporter 3于1月13日发射，载有105个航天器。
The manifest for Transporter 4 is down to 40 spacecraft, but that’s primarily due to EnMAP’s presence on the mission. The satellite is heavier than any of the satellites SpaceX has flown on any of the previous Transporter missions, and the Falcon 9 will deliver EnMAP to an orbit 404 miles (650 kilometers) above Earth, higher than the the past rideshare launches.
运输者4号的清单减少到40个航天器，但这主要是由于EnMAP出现在任务中。这颗卫星比SpaceX在以前的Transporter任务中发射的任何卫星都要重，猎鹰9号将把EnMAP送到离地球404英里（650公里）的轨道上，比过去的共享发射都要高。
SpaceX intends to launch as many as four dedicated ridehsare flights on Falcon 9 rockets this year, doubling the rate of Transporter launches from about one every six months to one every three-to-four months.
SpaceX打算今年用猎鹰9号火箭发射多达四次专门的骑行飞行，将运输机的发射速度提高一倍，从大约每六个月一次到每三至四个月一次。
There’s high demand for the rideshare launch service. Several SpaceX customers have said the price for a slot on a Transporter mission is unmatched in the launch industry.
对搭车发射服务的需求很高。几位SpaceX的客户说，Transporter任务的空位价格在发射行业中是无与伦比的。
On its website, SpaceX says it charges customers as little as $1.1 million to launch a payload of 440 pounds (200 kilograms) on a dedicated rideshare flight to sun-synchronous orbit. The price is enabled by cost reductions from reusing Falcon 9 rocket hardware.
在其网站上，SpaceX表示，它向客户收取的费用低至110万美元，以专门的共享飞行将440磅（200公斤）的有效载荷发射到太阳同步轨道。这个价格是通过重复使用猎鹰9号火箭硬件而降低的成本实现的。
Earlier this month, SpaceX hiked its rideshare launch prices by 10%, from $1 million to $1.1 million for a 440-pound payloads, blaming “excessive levels of inflation.” The company raised its standard dedicated Falcon 9 launch price from $62 million to $67 million for the same reason.
本月早些时候，SpaceX将其共享发射价格提高了10%，440磅有效载荷的价格从100万美元提高到110万美元，指责 "通货膨胀水平过高"。该公司出于同样的原因将其标准的猎鹰9号专用发射价格从6200万美元提高到6700万美元。
Fischer declined to disclose SpaceX’s launch price for EnMAP, but said the expense was included in the mission’s total budget of about 300 million euros ($330 million), which also includes five years of operations in orbit. EnMAP’s budget was originally set for 90 million euros.
费舍尔拒绝透露SpaceX为EnMAP提供的发射价格，但表示这笔费用已包括在该任务约3亿欧元（3.3亿美元）的总预算中，其中还包括五年的在轨运行。EnMAP的预算最初设定为9000万欧元。
The EnMAP spacecraft arrived at Cape Canaveral from Germany in late February aboard a Russian Ilyushin Il-76 cargo plane, touching down in Florida a few days before the U.S. government banned Russian aircraft from U.S. airspace after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
EnMAP航天器于2月底搭乘一架俄罗斯伊尔76货机从德国抵达卡纳维拉尔角，在俄罗斯入侵乌克兰后美国政府禁止俄罗斯飞机进入美国领空的前几天在佛罗里达着陆。
Engineers verified the spacecraft weathered its trans-Atlantic journey, then loaded EnMAP with hydrazine fuel in mid-March.
工程师们验证了航天器经受住了横跨大西洋的旅程，然后在3月中旬给EnMAP装上了肼的燃料。
“It was a bit of a challenge to get EnMAP on a rideshare mission because it’s big satellite with a lot of stuff that we needed to do at the launch site to check all the functions of the satellite,” Fischer said. “But I have to say everything went very smooth. The whole launch campaign was not delayed by one day.”
"费舍尔说："让EnMAP执行共享任务是一个小小的挑战，因为它是一颗大卫星，有很多东西需要我们在发射场做，以检查卫星的所有功能。"但我必须说一切都非常顺利。整个发射活动没有耽误一天"。
SpaceX encapsulated EnMAP and its 39 co-passengers inside the Falcon 9 rocket’s payload fairing last week, then integrated the payload compartment with the test of the launcher. Ground teams rolled the Falcon 9 from its hangar to pad 40 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, then raised the 229-foot (70-meter) rocket vertical Thursday afternoon.
上周，SpaceX公司将EnMAP及其39名共同乘客封装在猎鹰9号火箭的有效载荷整流罩内，然后将有效载荷舱与发射装置的测试结合起来。地面团队将猎鹰9号从机库推移到卡纳维拉尔角空军基地的40号停机坪，然后在周四下午将这枚229英尺（70米）的火箭垂直提升。
An automated countdown sequencer will oversee loading of kerosene and liquid oxygen propellants into the rocket Friday, with countdown clocks set for an instantaneous launch opportunity at 12:24 p.m. EST.
一个自动倒计时排序器将监督煤油和液氧推进剂在周五装入火箭，倒计时时钟设定为美国东部时间下午12:24的瞬时发射机会。
But there’s just a 30% chance weather at Cape Canaveral will be acceptable for liftoff Friday. The changes improve Saturday, when there’s a 50% chance of favorable weather for launch.
但卡纳维拉尔角的天气只有30%的可能性可以接受周五的发射。周六的变化有所改善，届时有50%的机会出现有利于发射的天气。
Once off the ground, the Falcon 9 will head southeast over the Atlantic Ocean, then turn south to fly along the east coast of Florida, then over Cuba and the Caribbean Sea to place its 40 spacecraft passengers into polar orbit.
一旦离开地面，猎鹰9号将向东南方向飞越大西洋，然后转向南方，沿佛罗里达州东海岸飞行，然后飞越古巴和加勒比海，将其40个航天器乘客送入极地轨道。
The rocket’s first stage will shut down its nine Merlin main engines and separate from the Falcon 9 upper stage about two-and-a-half minutes into the mission. While the upper stage fires into orbit, the booster will fall back into the atmosphere tail first, using periodic engine burns and hypersonic grid fins to guide itself toward SpaceX’s drone ship parked in the Atlantic Ocean southeast of Miami and west of the Bahamas — about 330 miles (530 kilometers) downrange from Cape Canaveral.
火箭的第一级将关闭其九台梅林主发动机，并在任务开始后的两分半钟左右与猎鹰9号的上级分离。当上面一级发射进入轨道时，助推器将以尾部为中心落回大气层，利用周期性的发动机燃烧和高超音速的网格鳍来引导自己走向SpaceX公司停在迈阿密东南和巴哈马以西的大西洋上的无人船--距离卡纳维拉尔角约330英里（530公里）的范围。
The reusable rocket, numbered B1061 in SpaceX’s fleet, will land on the drone ship 10-and-a-half minutes after liftoff to conclude its seventh trip to space.
这枚可重复使用的火箭，在SpaceX的舰队中编号为B1061，将在升空10.5分钟后降落在无人船上，结束其第七次太空之旅。
The second stage engine will switch off moments before the first stage lands on the drone ship, setting the stage for deployment of the EnMAP spacecraft 14 minutes into the mission.
第二级发动机将在第一级降落在无人船上的前一刻关闭，为任务开始14分钟后部署EnMAP航天器做好准备。
“EnMAP will be the first satellite that is separated because we want to make sure we limit the structural loads during separation of the other satellites,” Fischer said. “That was very important for EnMAP, that we be the first ones (to separate). So we’ll be taken to our orbit at 650 kilometers, and then we will be separated.”
"费舍尔说："EnMAP将是第一颗分离的卫星，因为我们要确保我们限制其他卫星分离时的结构负荷。"这对EnMAP非常重要，我们是第一批（分离）的。所以我们将被带到650公里的轨道上，然后我们将被分离。"
EnMAP is scheduled to establish radio contract with German ground teams through a tracking station in Svalbard, Norway, about an hour after separating from the Falcon 9, according to Fischer.
据费舍尔称，EnMAP计划在与猎鹰9号分离后约一小时，通过挪威斯瓦尔巴群岛的一个跟踪站与德国地面团队建立无线电合同。
After two weeks of checkouts and activations, EnMAP’s instrument will be calibrated and commissioned before the satellite begins its operational mission in the September timeframe.
经过两周的检查和激活，EnMAP的仪器将在卫星于9月开始执行任务之前进行校准和调试。
Capable of collecting spectra in visible and infrared light bands, EnMAP will see details of Earth’s surfaces invisible to the human eye, closing a gap in Earth observation missions, according to Walther Pelzer, head of DLR and a member of DLR’s executive board.
据德国航天中心负责人和德国航天中心执行委员会成员Walther Pelzer称，EnMAP能够收集可见光和红外光波段的光谱，将看到人眼看不到的地球表面的细节，填补了地球观测任务的一个空白。
“We are then able to determine the fingerprints of different materials, or behavior of certain surfaces, especially natural surfaces, so agriculture and forests,” Fischer said.
"然后我们能够确定不同材料的指纹，或某些表面的行为，特别是自然表面，所以农业和森林，"费舍尔说。
The data could tell farmers where to irrigate or fertilize their crops, and identify the types of crops being grown in fields around the world, within boxes as small as 100 feet (30 meters).
这些数据可以告诉农民在哪里灌溉或给他们的作物施肥，并识别世界各地的田地里种植的作物类型，小到100英尺（30米）的盒子。
“This information is obviously important in order to be able to secure the food situation in the future with an increasing world population,” Pelzer said.
"佩尔泽说："这些信息显然很重要，以便能够在未来世界人口不断增加的情况下保障粮食状况。
The mission will also measure algae growth and pollution in inland and coastal waters.
该任务还将测量内陆和沿海水域的藻类生长和污染。
EnMAP data will be released to scientists within a few days, and free of charge. The mission is not designed to continuously observe, but it can take data over the same region as often as every four days, using the spacecraft’s ability to point 30 degrees either side of its ground track.
EnMAP的数据将在几天内免费发布给科学家。该任务不是为了连续观测，但它可以利用航天器在其地面轨道两侧30度的指向能力，每四天一次在同一地区采集数据。
Once EnMAP is off the Falcon 9, the rocket will deploy two other payloads: spacecraft named LEO-1, whose owner has not been publicly identified, and the 88-pound (40-kilogram) GNOMES 3 radio occultation atmospheric monitoring satellite for a Colorado-based company named PlanetiQ.
一旦EnMAP离开猎鹰9号，火箭将部署另外两个有效载荷：名为LEO-1的航天器（其所有者尚未公开），以及科罗拉多州一家名为PlanetiQ的公司的88磅（40公斤）GNOMES 3无线电掩星大气监测卫星。
Two more brief engine burns by the Falcon 9 upper stage will lower the rocket’s altitude to about 310 miles (500 kilometers), and adjust the orbit’s inclination of 97.9 degrees to 97.4 degrees to the equator. The rest of the Transporter 4 payloads will separate from the rocket in that orbit.
猎鹰9号上面级再进行两次短暂的发动机燃烧，将把火箭的高度降低到大约310英里（500公里），并把轨道的倾角从97.9度调整到赤道97.4度。运输者4号的其余有效载荷将在该轨道上与火箭分离。
The other payloads include five spacecraft for Satellogic’s commercial Earth observation fleet, growing the Argentine company’s constellation to 22 satellites. One of the Satellogic “NewSat” satellites launching on Transporter 4 is an upgraded spacecraft model with an improved camera and on-board computers.
其他有效载荷包括为Satellogic的商业地球观测舰队提供的五个航天器，使这家阿根廷公司的卫星群增加到22颗卫星。在运输机4号上发射的Satellogic "NewSat "卫星之一是一个升级的航天器模型，具有改进的相机和机载计算机。
There are three formation-flying spacecraft on the Transporter 4 launch for HawkEye 360, a U.S. company building a satellite constellation to detect and locate the source of terrestrial radio signals. HawkEye 360 says its RF monitoring satellites recently detected GPS interference in Ukraine as Russian military forces invaded the country.
鹰眼360公司的Transporter 4号发射装置上有三个编队飞行的航天器，这家美国公司建立了一个卫星群，用于探测和定位地面无线电信号的来源。鹰眼360表示，其射频监测卫星最近在乌克兰检测到GPS干扰，因为俄罗斯军队入侵该国。
Lynk Global, a Virginia-based company developing technology to connect standard mobile phones through satellites, is launching its sixth spacecraft on the Transporter 4 mission, according Charles Miller, the company’s CEO. Named Lynk Tower 1, it’s the first satellite covered in Lynk Global’s application for commercial service with the Federal Communications Commission.
总部位于弗吉尼亚州的Lynk Global公司正在开发通过卫星连据该公司首席执行官查尔斯-米勒称，位于弗吉尼亚州的开发通过卫星连接标准移动电话技术的公司Lynk Global正在发射其第六个航天器，即Transporter 4任务。它被命名为Lynk Tower 1，是Lynk Global向联邦通信委员会提出的商业服务申请中涉及的第一个卫星。
The company refers to its technology as akin to a cell tower in space, providing two-way connectivity for broadband, voice, and text messaging anywhere in the world.
该公司将其技术称为类似于太空中的信号塔，在世界任何地方为宽带、语音和短信提供双向连接。
Other satellites on the Transporter 4 mission include MP42, a new design for a microsatellite platform developed by NanoAvionics in Lithuania. The BRO-7 CubeSat, about the size of a small briefcase, will be launched for the French startup UnseenLabs, which is fielding a constellation of satellites for maritime surveillance.
执行运输机4号任务的其他卫星包括MP42，这是由立陶宛的NanoAvionics公司开发的微型卫星平台的新设计。BRO-7立方体卫星，大约有一个小公文包那么大，将为法国的初创公司UnseenLabs发射，该公司正在为海上监视提供一个卫星星座。
The Norwegian Defense Research Establishment, a research arm of the Norwegian military, is launching the ARCSAT six-unit CubeSat to demonstrate UHF tactical communications in the North Sea and the Arctic region.
挪威国防研究机构是挪威军方的一个研究机构，它正在发射ARCSAT六单元立方体卫星，以演示北海和北极地区的超高频战术通信。
The Transporter 4 mission will also launch a CubeSat named BDSAT from the Czech Republic for a technology demonstration mission, the AlfaCrux educational and tech demo CubeSat from the University of Brasilia in Brazil, and a small satellite from India named Shakuntala.
运输者4号任务还将从捷克共和国发射一颗名为BDSAT的立方体卫星进行技术演示任务，从巴西的巴西利亚大学发射AlfaCrux教育和技术演示立方体卫星，以及从印度发射一颗名为Shakuntala的小型卫星。
There are also 12 tiny “picosatellites” on the Transporter 4 mission for Swarm Technologies, a company owned by Space. Swarm is developing a low-data-rate satellite communications system. Each of the Swarm satellites is about the size of a slice of bread.
在运输机4号任务中还有12颗微小的 "皮卫星"，为太空公司旗下的Swarm技术公司服务。Swarm公司正在开发一种低数据率的卫星通信系统。每颗Swarm卫星大约有一片面包那么大。
A satellite for the Italian company D-Orbit will also deploy from the Falcon 9 rocket on the Transporter 4 mission. D-Orbit’s ION satellite carrier vehicle will fly away from the Falcon 9 and release seven smaller spacecraft in the next few weeks.
意大利公司D-Orbit的一颗卫星也将从猎鹰9号火箭上部署，执行Transporter 4任务。D-Orbit公司的ION卫星运载工具将在未来几周内飞离猎鹰9号，并释放七个较小的航天器。
D-Orbit’s customers include Kleos Space of Luxembourg, with four satellites on the ION carrier vehicle. Kleos says its satellites can detect and geolocate radio frequency transmissions, providing intelligence on maritime activity for governments and commercial customers. The Kleos mission is similar to the HawkEye 360 spacecraft also flying on the Transporter 4 launch.
D-Orbit公司的客户包括卢森堡的Kleos Space公司，其ION运载火箭上有四颗卫星。Kleos称其卫星可以探测和定位无线电频率传输，为政府和商业客户提供海上活动的情报。Kleos的任务与同样在Transporter 4发射中飞行的HawkEye 360航天器相似。
Three university-built CubeSats from Chile are also riding on D-Orbit’s satellite carrier module, and a payload that will remain attached to the ION vehicle carries small items from four clients of Upmosphere, an Italian startup offering accommodations for customers to place keepsakes and mementos into wooden boxes for a flight into orbit.
来自智利的三颗大学建造的立方体卫星也搭载在D-Orbit的卫星运载模块上，还有一个将保持与ION飞行器相连的有效载荷，装载着来自Upmosphere公司四个客户的小物品，Upmosphere公司是一家意大利初创公司，为客户提供住宿，将纪念品和纪念品放入木箱，以便飞入轨道。
A mission timeline released by SpaceX shows all of the Transporter 4 payloads will separate from the Falcon 9 rocket by T+plus 1 hour, 26 seconds.
SpaceX发布的任务时间表显示，所有的Transporter 4有效载荷将在T++1小时26秒之前与猎鹰9号火箭分离。
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