以统一建设标准科学规范指导高标准农田建设
To guide the construction of high standard farmland with unified construction standards and scientific specifications
本网讯 为进一步贯彻落实党中央、国务院关于加强耕地保护建设决策部署，统一新时期高标准农田建设标准，实现农田建设项目科学规范管理，近日，农业农村部牵头修订的《高标准农田建设 通则》（GB/T30600-2022）（以下简称《通则》）经国家市场监督管理总局（国家标准化管理委员会）批准发布，将于2022年10月1日起正式实施。农业农村部农田建设管理司负责人就《通则》进行了解读。
(Hereinafter referred to as "General Rules") to further implement the decision of the Party Central Committee and the State Council on strengthening the construction of arable land protection, unify the construction standards of high-standard farmland in the new era, and realize the scientific and standardized management of farmland construction projects, recently, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development led the revision of the "General Rules for the Construction of High-standard Farmland" (GB/T30600-2022) (hereinafter referred to as "General Rules") by the State Administration of Market Supervision and Administration (National Standardization (hereinafter referred to as "General Rules") approved by the State Administration of Market Supervision and Administration (State Standardization Administration) and will be officially implemented from October 1, 2022. The person in charge of the Department of Farmland Construction Management of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has made an interpretation of the General Rules.
问：请您介绍一下修订《通则》的背景？
Q: would you please introduce the background of the revision of the general principles?
答：加强高标准农田建设，切实有效补齐农业基础设施短板，增强农田防灾抗灾减灾能力，必须有科学适宜的标准作支撑。2014年，在原国家质量监督检验检疫总局（国家标准化管理委员会）等部门共同努力下，制定并发布了《高标准农田建设 通则》（GB/T30600-2014，以下简称原《通则》），对指导各地高标准农田建设发挥了重要作用。近年来，党中央、国务院对高标准农田建设提出了一系列新要求新部署，随着各地高标准农田建设工作的不断推进，迫切要求根据新的形势需要，加快修订原《通则》。2019年11月，国务院办公厅印发《关于切实加强高标准农田建设 提升国家粮食安全保障能力的意见》，要求统一建设标准，加快修订高标准农田建设通则。2021年，《国家标准化发展纲要》提出“加强高标准农田建设”要求；国务院批复实施的《全国高标准农田建设规划（2021-2030年）》（以下简称《规划》）提出修订原《通则》的要求，加快构建科学统一、层次分明、结构合理的高标准农田建设标准体系，实现“到2030年，建成集中连片、旱涝保收、节水高效、稳产高产、生态友好的高标准农田12亿亩，改造提升2.8亿亩，稳定保障1.2万亿斤以上粮食产能”的目标。为贯彻落实党中央、国务院决策部署，国家市场监督管理总局（国家标准化管理委员会）与农业农村部密切配合，启动了对原《通则》的修订工作。
A: To strengthen the construction of high-standard farmland, effectively fill the shortcomings of agricultural infrastructure, enhance the ability of farmland disaster prevention and mitigation, there must be scientific and appropriate standards for support. 2014, in the former General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (National Standardization Management Committee) and other departments, the development and release of "high standard farmland construction General Rules" (GB/T30600-2014, hereinafter (hereinafter referred to as the original "General Rules"), which has played an important role in guiding the construction of high-standard farmland around the country. In recent years, the Party Central Committee and the State Council have put forward a series of new requirements and deployments for the construction of high-standard farmland, and with the continuous promotion of the construction of high-standard farmland around the world, there is an urgent need to speed up the revision of the original "General Rules" according to the new situation. In 2021, the National Standardization Development Outline proposed to "strengthen the construction of high-standard farmland"; the National High-Standard Farmland Construction Plan (2021-2030) (hereinafter referred to as "the Plan") approved by the State Council proposed to revise the original General Rules to speed up the construction of high-standard farmland. The State Council approved and implemented the "National High Standard Farmland Construction Plan (2021-2030)" (hereinafter referred to as "the Plan"), which proposes to revise the original "General Rules" and accelerate the construction of a scientific, uniform, hierarchical and reasonable structure of high-standard farmland construction standard system, so as to achieve the goal of "by 2030, 1.2 billion mu of high-standard farmland will be built in a concentrated and contiguous manner, with drought and flood protection, water conservation and high efficiency, stable and high yield, and ecological friendliness. . To implement the Party Central Committee and the State Council decision, the State Administration of Market Supervision and Administration (National Standardization Administration Committee) and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development to work closely together to start the revision of the original "General Rules".
问：《通则》的主要内容和突出特点是什么？
Q: what are the main contents and outstanding characteristics of the "general principles"?
答：《通则》全文共8章105条，分别规定了标准的适用范围、规范性引用文件、术语和定义、基本原则、建设区域等内容。《通则》设6个附录，3个规范性附录明确了高标准农田基础设施建设工程体系、各区域高标准农田基础设施工程建设要求、高标准农田地力提升工程体系等技术性指标，3个资料性附录明确了全国高标准农田建设划分区域，列出了高标准农田地力参考值和粮食综合生产能力参考值。
A: The "General Rules" consists of 8 chapters and 105 articles, which specify the scope of application of the standards, normative references, terms and definitions, basic principles, construction areas and other contents. The General Rules have 6 appendices, 3 normative appendices clarify the technical indicators of high standard farmland infrastructure construction project system, high standard farmland infrastructure project construction requirements in each region, high standard farmland land force enhancement project system, 3 informative appendices clarify the national high standard farmland construction division area, listed high standard farmland land force reference value and comprehensive grain production capacity reference value.
《通则》的突出特点主要有以下几点：一是突出因地制宜，明确了不同建设区域的建设标准。与《规划》充分衔接，将全国划分为七个区域，分区域制定高标准农田基础设施建设标准、农田地力标准参考值，充分强调高标准农田建设应因地制宜。二是突出目标导向，明确了分省粮食产能指标。充分凸显高标准农田建设目的，分省明确高标准农田粮食综合生产能力指标，力争到2030年建成12亿亩高标准农田，加上改造提升已建的高标准农田，能够稳定保障1.2万亿斤以上粮食产能，确保谷物基本自给、口粮绝对安全，守住国家粮食安全底线。三是统筹设施建设与地力提升，细化完善了地力提升相关内容。在修订设施建设指标的同时，着重补充完善了地力提升相关指标，为各地开展耕地质量提升建设提供有效技术参考。四是突出科学适用，提升了标准可操作性。将建设内容明确分为农田基础设施建设工程和农田地力提升工程两大板块，每一板块详细划分具体工程类别，每一类别详细制定建设标准，确保地方开展各类工程建设都能有所参照。
The salient features of the General Rules are mainly the following: First, it highlights the construction standards of different construction regions according to local conditions. Fully connected with the "Planning", the country is divided into seven regions, sub-regional development of high-standard farmland infrastructure construction standards, farmland land strength standards reference value, fully emphasizing that the construction of high-standard farmland should be adapted to local conditions. Second, highlight the goal-oriented, clear sub-provincial food production capacity indicators. Fully highlight the purpose of high-standard farmland construction, sub-provincial clear indicators of comprehensive grain production capacity of high-standard farmland, and strive to build 1.2 billion mu of high-standard farmland by 2030, coupled with the transformation and upgrading of high-standard farmland has been built, to be able to steadily guarantee more than 1.2 trillion jin of grain production capacity, to ensure basic self-sufficiency of grains, absolute security of food rations, to hold the bottom line of national food security. Third, the integration of the construction of facilities and land power to improve, refining and improving the content of land power to improve the relevant content. In the revision of the construction of facilities indicators, focusing on improving the indicators related to the improvement of land strength, to provide effective technical reference for the construction of arable land quality improvement around. Fourth, highlight the scientific application, enhance the operability of the standard. The construction content is clearly divided into two sections of farmland infrastructure construction projects and farmland land strength improvement projects, each section is divided into specific categories of detailed projects, each category of detailed construction standards to ensure that the local construction of various types of projects can have reference.
问：《通则》与《规划》是如何衔接的？
Q: How do the General Rules and the Plan interface?
答：2021年8月，经国务院批复，《规划》正式发布实施。《规划》提出了今后一个时期高标准农田建设的指导思想、工作原则、总体目标、建设标准和建设内容、建设分区和建设任务、建设监管和后续管护、效益分析、实施保障等，是指导各地科学有序开展高标准农田建设的重要依据。《通则》以《规划》为引领，充分考虑两者的有效衔接关系。
A: In August 2021, approved by the State Council, the "Planning" was officially released and implemented. The Plan puts forward the guiding ideology, working principles, overall objectives, construction standards and construction content, construction zoning and construction tasks, construction supervision and follow-up management, benefit analysis and implementation guarantee for the construction of high-standard farmland in the coming period, which is an important basis for guiding the construction of high-standard farmland in a scientific and orderly manner. The "General Rules" to "planning" as a leader, fully consider the effective interface between the two.
一是深入贯彻《规划》提出的七项工作原则。《规划》提出了高标准农田建设管理的七项工作原则：政府主导、多元参与，科学布局、突出重点，建改并举、注重质量，绿色生态、土壤健康，分类施策、综合配套，建管并重、良性运行，依法严管、良田粮用。作为与《规划》协调配套的技术性标准，《通则》明确了规划引领、因地制宜、数量质量并重、绿色生态、多元参与和建管并重六项原则，两个文件高度契合。如《通则》分区域分省给出了高标准农田建成后稻谷、小麦、玉米三大谷物应达到的粮食综合生产能力参考值，与依法严管、良田粮用原则宗旨完全吻合。
First, the in-depth implementation of the seven working principles proposed in the Plan. The Plan puts forward seven working principles for the construction and management of high-standard farmland: government-led, multi-participation, scientific layout, focus, construction and improvement, focus on quality, green ecology, soil health, classification, comprehensive support, construction and management, benign operation, strict control according to law, good food with good land. As a technical standard to coordinate with the "Planning", the "General Rules" clarifies the six principles of planning to lead, according to local conditions, quantity and quality, green ecology, diversified participation and construction and management, the two documents are highly compatible. For example, the General Rules give the reference value of the comprehensive grain production capacity of rice, wheat and corn after the completion of high-standard farmland by region and province, which is fully consistent with the principle of strict control and good land for grain according to law.
二是适应《规划》提出的建设目标。《规划》明确，到2025年累计建成10.75亿亩并改造提升1.05亿亩、2030年累计建成12亿亩并改造提升2.8亿亩高标准农田；到2035年，全国高标准农田保有量和质量进一步提高。可以看出，今后的高标准农田建设将新建与改造提升并重。为增强标准的适用性和实用性，《通则》适用范围从原来的“适用于高标准农田建设活动”更改为“适用于高标准农田新建和改造提升活动”，提升了标准的适应性。
Second, to adapt to the construction goals proposed in the Plan. The Plan specifies that by 2025, a total of 1.075 billion mu will be built and 105 million mu will be renovated and upgraded, and by 2030, a total of 1.2 billion mu will be built and 280 million mu of high standard farmland will be renovated and upgraded; by 2035, the national high standard farmland will be further improved in terms of quantity and quality. It can be seen that the future construction of high-standard farmland will be new and renovation and upgrading. In order to enhance the applicability and practicality of the standard, the "general" scope of application from the original "applicable to high-standard farmland construction activities" to "applicable to high-standard farmland construction and renovation and upgrading activities", to enhance the adaptability of the standard.
三是将《规划》提出的建设内容具体化。《规划》提出了“田、土、水、路、林、电、技、管”八个方面的建设内容和建设要求，《通则》将建设和管理分为“农田基础设施建设工程”、“农田地力提升工程”和“管理要求”三大板块，对八方面建设内容进行了具体化规定。
Thirdly, the construction content proposed in the Plan is made concrete. The Plan puts forward the construction contents and construction requirements in eight aspects: "field, soil, water, road, forest, electricity, technology and management", and the General Rules divide the construction and management into "farmland infrastructure construction project", "farmland land power Enhancement project" and "management requirements" of the three panels, the eight aspects of construction content to specify the provisions.
四是区域划分及重点与《规划》保持一致。《规划》依据区域气候特点、地形地貌、水土条件、耕作制度等因素,按照自然资源禀赋与经济条件相对一致、生产障碍因素与破解途径相对一致、粮食作物生产与农业区划相对一致、地理位置相连与省级行政区划相对完整的要求，将全国分成七个区域开展高标准农田建设，并分区规定了建设重点。《通则》分区与《规划》保持一致，更便于地方执行与操作。
Fourth, the regional division and focus and "planning" to maintain consistency. Based on regional climatic characteristics, topography, soil and water conditions, farming system and other factors, the Plan divides the country into seven regions to carry out the construction of high-standard farmland in accordance with the requirements of relatively consistent natural resource endowment and economic conditions, relatively consistent production barriers and ways to crack, relatively consistent food crop production and agricultural zoning, and relatively complete geographic location and provincial administrative divisions, and provides for the construction of zoning The construction priorities are defined in the zones. The zoning of the General Rules is consistent with the Plan, which is more convenient for local implementation and operation.
问：《通则》是如何体现农业绿色发展理念的？
Q: how does the general principles embody the concept of green development of agriculture?
答：2017年9月，中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅联合印发《关于创新体制机制推进农业绿色发展的意见》，强调要建立绿色农业标准体系。面对农田建设发展新格局，《通则》特别注意践行农业绿色发展理念。
A: In September 2017, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued the Opinions on Innovative Institutional Mechanisms to Promote Green Development of Agriculture, emphasizing the need to establish a green agricultural standard system. In the face of the new pattern of farmland construction and development, the General Rules pay special attention to practicing the concept of green agricultural development.
一是明确了“绿色生态”的基本原则。将绿色发展理念贯穿于高标准农田建设全过程，遵循绿色发展理念，促进农田生产和生态和谐发展，实现农业生产与生态保护相协调。
First, the basic principle of "green ecology" is clear. Green development concept throughout the whole process of construction of high-standard farmland, follow the concept of green development, promote the harmonious development of farmland production and ecology, to achieve coordination between agricultural production and ecological protection.
二是建设内容中体现了绿色发展要求。明确高标准农田建设田块平整时不宜打乱表土层与心土层、应推广节水灌溉技术、农田防护与生态环境保护工程等。
Second, the construction content reflects the requirements of green development. It is clear that the construction of high-standard farmland should not disrupt the topsoil layer and the heart soil layer when leveling the field, water-saving irrigation technology, farmland protection and ecological environmental protection projects should be promoted.
三是建设过程中鼓励应用绿色工艺。《通则》提出，鼓励应用绿色材料和工艺，建设生态型田埂、护坡、渠系、道路、防护林、缓冲隔离带等，减少对农田环境的不利影响。
Third, the construction process to encourage the application of green processes. The General Rules propose to encourage the application of green materials and processes, the construction of ecological field ridges, slope protection, canal systems, roads, protective forests, buffer strips, etc., to reduce the adverse impact on the farmland environment.
四是建设过程强调农业科技配套与应用。高标准农田建成后，应加强农业科技配套与应用，推广良种良法。机械化耕种收综合作业水平、优良品种覆盖率、病虫害统防统治覆盖率应超过全国平均水平。有条件的地方应推广病虫害绿色防控、保护性耕作和科学用水用肥用药技术及物联网、大数据、移动互联网、智能控制、卫星定位等信息技术。
Fourth, the construction process emphasizes the supporting and application of agricultural science and technology. After the completion of high-standard farmland, agricultural science and technology support and application should be strengthened to promote good seeds and good methods. Mechanized plowing, seeding and harvesting integrated operation level, the coverage rate of good varieties, pest control coverage rate should exceed the national average. Conditional localities should promote green pest prevention and control, conservation farming and scientific water and fertilizer and medicine technology and the Internet of Things, big data, mobile Internet, intelligent control, satellite positioning and other information technology.
问：《通则》将于2022年10月1日起正式实施，相关部门将如何做好贯彻执行工作？
Q：The General Rules will be officially implemented on October 1, 2022, how will the relevant departments do a good job in implementing the work?
答：农业农村部将联合国家市场监督管理总局（国家标准化管理委员会），组织开展《通则》宣贯和培训，以修订后的《通则》为指引，加快推进高标准农田建设。重点做好以下几方面工作：一是加强标准宣贯。加强《通则》宣传培训力度，编制专门解读教材。指导有条件的地方因地制宜编制更加细化、更符合当地实际的地方标准，形成上下协调、科学实用的农田建设标准架构。二是加强标准应用。指导地方按照《通则》规范建设高标准农田，确保到2022年累计建成10亿亩，到2025年累计建成10.75亿亩、改造提升1.05亿亩，到2030年累计建成12亿亩、改造提升2.8亿亩旱涝保收、高产稳产的高标准农田。三是完善标准体系。以《通则》国家标准为基础，加快修订《高标准农田建设评价规范》国家标准，结合各地高标准农田建设和耕地质量保护现实需要，按照轻重缓急的原则配套制定相关国家标准、行业标准，健全完善标准体系。
A: The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs will join hands with the State Administration of Market Supervision and Administration (National Standardization Administration Committee) to organize the dissemination of the "General Rules" and training to accelerate the construction of high-standard farmland with the revised "General Rules" as a guide. Focus on the following aspects of work: First, strengthen the standard propaganda. Strengthen the "general rules" publicity and training efforts, the preparation of special interpretation materials. Guide the local conditions to prepare more detailed, more in line with the local reality of local standards, the formation of up and down coordination, scientific and practical farmland construction standards structure. Second, strengthen the application of standards. Guidance to local in accordance with the "general" standard construction of high-standard farmland, to ensure that by 2022 a total of 1 billion mu, by 2025 a total of 1.075 billion mu, renovation and upgrading of 105 million mu, by 2030 a total of 1.2 billion mu, renovation and upgrading of 280 million mu of drought and flood protection, high yield and stable production of high-standard farmland. Third, improve the standard system. To "general" national standards as the basis, speed up the revision of "high standard farmland construction evaluation norms" national standards, combined with the construction of high standard farmland and arable land quality protection around the real needs, according to the principle of priorities supporting the development of relevant national standards, industry standards, improve and perfect the standard system.
