【特别策划】农业科学家为实现农业现代化贡献力量

[Special Planning] Agricultural Scientists Contribute to the Realization of Agricultural Modernization

青纱帐里，玉米行行挺拔；汪汪水田，晚稻株株青绿……国家统计局数据显示：2022年全国夏粮总产量2948亿斤，比上年增加28.7亿斤，增长1.0%。这离不开广大农业科学家的持续努力。长期以来，广大农业科学家围绕农业农村发展，把论文写在大地上、把成果送进亿万农民家，为实现农业稳产增产、促进农民持续增收、打赢脱贫攻坚战和推动乡村振兴作出重要贡献。本版推出特别策划，为您讲述三位农业科学家的故事。

Green tent, corn line straight; Wang Wang paddy field, late rice plants green...... According to the National Bureau of Statistics, the country's total summer grain output in 2022 was 294.8 billion metric tons, an increase of 2.87 billion metric tons or 1.0 percent over the previous year. This cannot be separated from the continuous efforts of agricultural scientists. Over the years, agricultural scientists have focused on agricultural and rural development by writing their papers on the ground and delivering their results to hundreds of millions of farmers, making important contributions to achieving stable agricultural yields and increasing production, increasing farmers' incomes, winning the battle against poverty and promoting rural revitalization. This edition features a special curated story about three agricultural scientists.

——编 者

-Editor

中国科学院院士李家洋几十年如一日培育高产优质水稻品种——

Li Jiayang, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has cultivated high-yield and high-quality rice varieties for decades-

一个个新品种从实验室来到田野

New varieties came to the fields from the laboratory

本报记者 王 浩

Our reporter Wang Hao

在浙江富阳的稻田里，卷着裤腿弯着腰，查看禾苗长势，汗水浸透衬衫；在海南南繁基地，顶着烈日炙烤，悉心观察水稻穗数……从试验田到实验室，中科院院士、中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所研究员李家洋（见图①，中，中国科学院供图）几十年如一日，躬耕田野，只为育出一粒粒好种子。一项项科研成果，落入田间，生根发芽，造福农民。

In the paddy fields of Fuyang, Zhejiang province, I bend over with my pants legs rolled up to check the growth of the seedlings, and sweat soaked my shirt. In the South Fan base of Hainan Province, under the scorching sun, carefully observe the number of rice panicles... From the experimental field to the laboratory, Li Jiayang, an academician at the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a researcher at the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (see photo, center), has been working in the field for decades just to produce a good seed. One scientific research achievement, fall into the field, take root and sprout, benefit farmers.

李家洋先后在国际主流学术刊物上发表论文130多篇，带领研究团队在稻米品质形成机理、水稻分子育种领域取得一系列具有国际影响力的研究成果，先后4次入选中国科学十大进展。

He has published more than 130 papers in international mainstream academic journals, and led his research team to achieve a series of internationally influential research results in the field of rice quality formation mechanism and rice molecular breeding. He has been listed as one of the top Ten scientific Advances in China for four times.

让稻香飘满广袤田野，是水稻育种家的梦想。为了培育出高产优质品种，李家洋一直在努力！

It is the dream of rice breeders to let rice fragrance float all over the vast fields. In order to cultivate high-yield and high-quality varieties, Li Jiayang has been working hard!

从矮秆水稻品种选育推广到杂交水稻技术突破，我国水稻产量不断提高。如今，告别了“吃不饱”的旧烦恼，又遇上了“吃得好”的新需求，李家洋继续向水稻育种的新高峰攀登……

From the breeding and popularization of dwarf rice varieties to the breakthrough of hybrid rice technology, the rice yield in China has been continuously improved. Now, after saying goodbye to the old trouble of "not enough to eat" and meeting the new demand of "eating well", Li Jiayang continues to climb to the new peak of rice breeding...

如何找到高产又优质的水稻？“育种就像是搭积木，找准积木块，才能更快更好地搭建出理想模型。”李家洋说。

How to find high-yield and high-quality rice. "Breeding is like building blocks and identifying building blocks in order to build an ideal model faster and better." Li Jiayang said.

基因就是一个个关键的积木块。李家洋团队从微观世界中，寻找决定水稻产量和品质的关键基因。“我们发现了与水稻的分蘖角度、秸秆粗细等重要性状密切相关的关键基因，将其导入水稻主栽品种中，就能重塑水稻株型性状，培育出株高适中、穗大粒多的新品种。”李家洋说。

Genes are the key building blocks. Li's team looked at the microcosm to find the key genes that determine rice yield and quality. "We have identified key genes that are closely related to important traits such as tiller Angle and straw thickness. By introducing them into the main rice varieties, we can reshape the plant type traits of rice and develop new varieties with moderate plant height, large panicle and many grains." "Said Li Jiayang.

一把“金钥匙”打开一片新天地。“比如，水稻胶稠度、直链淀粉含量和糊化温度是衡量水稻好不好吃的指标，我们通过基因关联研究，确定了多个水稻淀粉合成途径的关键基因。”李家洋说。

A "golden key" opens a new world. "For example, rice glue consistency, amylose content and gelatinization temperature are indicators of rice taste, and we have identified several key genes in rice starch synthesis pathways through gene association studies." "Said Li Jiayang.

探索之路并不平坦。数据不理想，结果不满意，时常有之。等到好不容易有了结论，却发现同行已抢先一步发表。看着同行精心撰写的论文，大家伙心里很不是滋味儿，“咬牙坚持，从头再来，努力走得更快些。”一次次挫折反而激发了李家洋的斗志……

The road to discovery will not be easy. Unsatisfactory data and unsatisfactory results are not uncommon. Wait until very not easy to have a conclusion, but found that the peer has been a step ahead of publication. Looking at the paper carefully written by the peer, the big guy in the heart is not a taste, "grit teeth insist, start over, and try to go faster." A setback instead inspired Li Jiayang's fighting spirit......

辛勤的汗水换来沉甸甸的收获。从影响水稻茎秆机械强度，到分蘖角度，再到稻穗大小，一个个影响水稻性状的关键基因被李家洋找到，一系列成果奠定了我国水稻功能研究的重要基础。

Hard sweat for heavy harvest. From the mechanical strength of rice stalk, to the Angle of tiller, and then to the size of rice panicle, key genes affecting rice traits were found by Li Jiayang. A series of achievements laid an important foundation for the functional research of rice in China.

有了基因，关键要“搭建”。分子设计育种，是李家洋团队攀登的又一座高峰。“‘特青’水稻品种产量高，但综合品质差，可以当受体。‘93—11’的外观品质优异，可以当供体。我们对与产量、外观品质、蒸煮食味品质等相关的28个目标基因优化组合，利用杂交、回交与分子标记定向选择等技术，将优质目标基因聚合到受体材料，实现优与优的组合。”李家洋说。

With genes, the key is to build. Molecular design breeding is another peak for Li's team to climb. "The 'Teqing' rice variety has high yield but poor comprehensive quality, so it can be used as a receptor. The appearance of '93 -- 11' is of excellent quality and can be used as a donor. We optimized the combination of 28 target genes related to yield, appearance quality, cooking and eating quality, and used hybridization, backcrossing and molecular marker directed selection techniques to aggregate high-quality target genes into recipient materials to achieve the combination of excellent and excellent." "Said Li Jiayang.

科研过程中，李家洋寻找着最佳方案。“‘分子设计育种’较之于传统育种，更加高效精准。”李家洋娓娓道来，团队首创全新基因分型算法，构建出高密度水稻单倍体型图谱，率先提出并建立高效精准的分子设计育种体系，为解决水稻产量与品质互相制约的难题提供了有效策略。

During his research, Li looked for the best solution. "Molecular design breeding is more efficient and accurate than conventional breeding." Li Jiayong explained that the team initiated a new genotyping algorithm, constructed a high-density rice haplotype map, and took the lead in proposing and establishing an efficient and accurate molecular design and breeding system, which provided an effective strategy for solving the problem of mutual restriction between rice yield and quality

一个个新品种从实验室来到田野，为端稳“中国饭碗”贡献力量。李家洋团队培育的“嘉优中科1号”连续多年万亩示范平均产量比普通品种增产20%以上，适合机械化或直播等栽培方式。

A new variety from the laboratory to the field, for the stability of the "Chinese rice bowl" contribution. The average yield of "Jiayou Zhongke No. 1" cultivated by Li Jiayang's team is more than 20% higher than that of ordinary varieties, which is suitable for cultivation methods such as mechanization or direct seeding.

对李家洋来说，每一次人生选择都源自内心深处的“三农”情结。

For Li Jiayang, every life choice comes from the "three rural" complex in his heart.

安徽省肥西县是李家洋的家乡，稻香和农活伴随着他成长。“小时候，村里的水稻长到半人高的时候，很容易倒伏。后来，老乡们换了新品种，稻株变矮了，倒伏少了，产量增加了。”科技的力量，让李家洋印象深刻，“当时，我就立志成为一名农业科学家。”

In Feixi County, Anhui Province, Li Jiayang's hometown, he grew up with rice fragrance and farm work. "When I was young, when the rice in the village grew to half the height of a person, it was easy to fall over. Later, the villagers changed to a new variety, the rice plants became shorter, lodging less, and the yield increased." Li was impressed by the power of science and technology. "At that time, I decided to become an agricultural scientist."

此后的岁月，李家洋当过农民、民办教师、建筑工人。但日子再苦，他始终没有忘记心中的理想，“白天抬水泥，晚上挑灯看书。”李家洋回忆说。

In the following years, Li Jiayang worked as a farmer, a private teacher and a construction worker. But the days are bitter, and he has never forgotten his ideals. "Lift cement during the day and read books at night." Li Jiayang recalled.

1977年，李家洋成为恢复高考后首批大学生中的一员，来到安徽农学院（现安徽农业大学）林学系，开始了他的求学之路。后来到美国留学，他一直聚焦分子遗传学研究，以拟南芥为研究对象，取得了一系列重要研究成果。

In 1977, Li became one of the first group of college students to enter the forestry department of Anhui Agricultural College (now Anhui Agricultural University) and began his study. Later he went to the United States to study, he has been focusing on molecular genetics research, taking Arabidopsis as the research object, and has made a series of important research results.

“求学路上，我也有机会转入其它领域，但我还是坚持做植物研究。”李家洋说，“我国是人口大国、农业大国，植物研究对我而言更有吸引力、更有价值。”

"On the way to school, I also have the opportunity to transfer to other fields, but I still insist on doing plant research." Li Jiayang said, "China is a country with a large population and a large agricultural country. Plant research is more attractive and valuable to me."

1994年，李家洋回国，在30多平方米的旧实验室里，开始了艰苦创业的历程。他决定离开熟悉的领域，在竞争激烈的水稻研究赛道上起跑。

In 1994, Li Jiayang returned to China and started his hard work in an old laboratory of more than 30 square meters. He decided to leave the familiar field and start on the highly competitive rice research track.

“拟南芥是双子叶植物，水稻是单子叶植物，虽说两者基础原理相通，但具体到遗传发育上，天差地别。”李家洋说，团队致力于水稻分子品种设计，攻克了一个又一个难题，取得了众多原创性成果。

"Arabidopsis, a dicotyledonous plant, and rice, a monocot plant, share the same basic principles, but they are very different in terms of genetic development." Li Jiayang said that the team devoted to the design of rice molecular varieties, overcome one problem after another, and made many original achievements

“我相信，只要不断努力、埋头苦干，我们的科学研究就能如同一粒粒种子，破土发芽，拔节生长，终将孕育丰硕果实，为粮食安全和农民富裕作出贡献。”李家洋说。

"I believe that as long as we continue to work hard, our scientific research will be like a seed, sprout and grow, and will eventually bear fruitful fruits, contributing to food security and prosperity of farmers." "Said Li Jiayang.

中国工程院院士唐华俊主持建立全国首个农作物遥感监测系统——

Tang Huajun, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, presided over the establishment of the country's first crop remote sensing monitoring system-

当好土地体检员为智慧农业赋能

Be a good land examiner and empower smart agriculture

本报记者 常 钦

Our reporter Chang Qin

都说“干一行、爱一行”，中国工程院院士唐华俊（见图②，右，杨鹏摄）的确是这句话的践行者。怀揣对土地的热爱，唐华俊在农业土地资源领域一干就是40年。他开拓了农作物空间格局研究新领域，主持建立了全国首个农作物遥感监测系统，从2002年至今依然在粮食生产、防灾减灾等方面发挥着重要作用。

"Do what you do, love what you do." Tang Huajun (see photo, right, Yang Peng), an academician at the Chinese Academy of Engineering, is a true practitioner of this saying. With a passion for land, Tang Huajun has worked in the field of agricultural land resources for 40 years. He opened up a new field of research on the spatial pattern of crops, presided over the establishment of China's first remote sensing monitoring system for crops, and has been playing an important role in food production, disaster prevention and mitigation since 2002.

“我从小家庭贫困，缺衣少粮的日子历历在目。最大的心愿，就是让家乡的乡亲们能吃上饱饭。”唐华俊回忆说。

"I have been poor since I was a child, and I can vividly remember the days when I was short of clothes and food. The biggest wish is to let the villagers in my hometown have a full meal." Tang Huajun recalled.

唐华俊出生于四川省阆中市的一个贫困山村，当地耕地少。“当时家里孩子多、收入少，吃饭穿衣都是大问题；10岁前几乎都是光着脚，榆树皮和米糠混合成饼是我们的家常便饭。”唐华俊说。

Tang Huajun was born in a poor mountain village in Langzhong City, Sichuan Province, where there is little cultivated land. "At that time, there were many children at home and little income. Eating and dressing were big problems; Almost all of them were barefoot before the age of 10. It is our common practice to mix elm bark and rice bran into cakes." Tang Huajun said.

他决心靠双手改变农村落后面貌！曾因贫困几次辍学，但信念支撑着唐华俊一路坚持。1978年，他考入西南农学院，“从家里背着一床破被去学校报到”。

He is determined to change the backwardness of the countryside with both hands! He dropped out of school several times because of poverty, but his faith supported Tang Huajun to persist all the way. In 1978, he was admitted to Southwest Agricultural College, "carrying a broken bed from home to report to school".

1982年，他毕业后被分配到中国农业科学院工作，从承担课题的子任务到独立完成方案设计、任务实施、成果总结等，唐华俊很快成为业务骨干。

In 1982, after graduation, he was assigned to work in Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. From undertaking sub-tasks of the project to independently completing scheme design, task implementation and achievement summary, Tang Huajun quickly became the backbone of the business.

“耕好农业‘大田’不是一件容易事。”当时欧洲农业遥感技术取得重大突破，正广泛推动数字农业、精准农业普及应用。唐华俊萌生了出国深造的想法：“农业科技进步，要深耕一亩三分地，还要会打开眼界看世界。”

"It is not an easy task to cultivate the agricultural'field '." At that time, European agricultural remote sensing technology made a major breakthrough, which was widely promoting the popularization and application of digital agriculture and precision agriculture. Tang Huajun came up with the idea of going abroad for further study: "The progress of agricultural science and technology requires deep cultivation of one acre and three points, and it will also open its eyes to see the world."

机会总是留给有准备的人。1985年，唐华俊赴比利时根特大学攻读硕士学位。“我选择了农业土地资源专业。”唐华俊说，“在外求学，回到祖国服务‘三农’的心始终炽热。”

Opportunities are always reserved for those who are prepared. In 1985, Tang Huajun went to Ghent University in Belgium to study for a master's degree. "I chose the major of agricultural land resources." Tang Huajun said, "The heart of studying abroad and returning to the motherland to serve agriculture, rural areas and farmers is always hot."

那时，导师希望唐华俊留在国外从事科研工作，对此，唐华俊说：“没什么好犹豫的，作为农民的儿子，我要为中国的农民做事、为中国的农业发展做事，这个想法从来都没有变过。”唐华俊毅然选择回国。

At that time, the tutor hoped that Tang Huajun would stay abroad to engage in scientific research. In this regard, Tang Huajun said: "There is nothing to hesitate. As a farmer's son, I want to work for Chinese farmers and work for China's agricultural development. This idea has never changed." Tang Huajun resolutely chose to return home.

有人问唐华俊，当时国内条件比较差，有没有后悔？“从来没有！相反，我很欣慰自己回来了。回到培养自己的中国农业科学院，学以致用，是一件多么幸福的事啊。”唐华俊回答。

Someone asked Tang Huajun if he regretted the poor domestic conditions at that time. "Never! On the contrary, I am glad that I am back. How happy it is to return to the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, which trains itself, and apply what you have learned." Tang Huajun replied.

唐华俊说，国内农业遥感起步较晚，从立项找经费到购置仪器调设备，再到带队伍做研究等，“一切都是新的，一切都充满希望”。

Tang Huajun said that domestic agricultural remote sensing started late, from finding funds for project establishment to purchasing instruments and equipment, to taking teams to do research, etc. "Everything is new and everything is full of hope".

回国后，唐华俊一直从事农业土地资源遥感研究，围绕土地适应性评价、耕地承载力评估、土地利用、土地覆盖变化等开展科研工作。“咱就是土地体检员，时刻关注着土地健康。”唐华俊介绍，遥感技术除了监测土地资源的数量、空间分布及其变化态势，还要监测土地资源的质量和利用状况。

After returning to China, Tang Huajun has been engaged in remote sensing research of agricultural land resources, focusing on land adaptability evaluation, cultivated land carrying capacity evaluation, land use and land cover change. "You are a land examiner and always pay attention to land health." Tang Huajun introduced that remote sensing technology not only monitors the quantity, spatial distribution and change trend of land resources, but also monitors the quality and utilization of land resources.

刚起步时，唐华俊和同事们陷入了国内农业遥感信息源稀缺的困境。那时，农业领域没有卫星数据接收站，遥感数据难以获取。“必须为农业生产装上‘天眼’！”唐华俊多方努力，牵头建立了农业领域国内首套气象卫星接收系统。

At the beginning, Tang Huajun and his colleagues fell into the dilemma of scarcity of agricultural remote sensing information sources in China. At that time, there was no satellite data receiving station in the agricultural field, and remote sensing data was difficult to obtain. "You must install a'sky eye 'for agricultural production!" Tang Huajun took the lead in establishing the first domestic meteorological satellite receiving system in the agricultural field.

系统由室外室内两部分组成。唐华俊指着闪烁的信号灯说，室外部分负责跟踪捕捉卫星轨道和过境信息，卫星进入接收范围就会启动接收。数据传输到室内处理系统，对数据进行预处理和存储，为农作物遥感科研发展提供稳定的信息源。

The system consists of outdoor and indoor parts. Tang Huajun pointed to the flashing signal lights and said that the outdoor part is responsible for tracking and capturing the satellite orbit and transit information, and the satellite will start receiving when it enters the receiving range. Data is transmitted to the indoor processing system to preprocess and store the data, which provides a stable information source for the development of crop remote sensing research.

磨刀不误砍柴工。唐华俊组织国内10多家单位协同开展持续攻关，经过多年潜心研究，突破多源遥感作物信息获取、农作物和农田环境参数遥感反演等关键技术，创建了国内首个适用于全国及区域尺度的国家级农作物遥感监测工程化运行系统。系统为农业主管部门和各地及时掌握农作物生产情况、调整产业结构提供重要支撑。

Sharpening a knife does not mistake wood cutting. Tang Huajun organized more than 10 domestic units to carry out continuous research. After years of painstaking research, he broke through key technologies such as multi-source remote sensing crop information acquisition, remote sensing inversion of crop and farmland environmental parameters, and created the first national crop remote sensing monitoring engineering operation system applicable to the national and regional scales in China. The system provides important support for agricultural departments and local governments to timely grasp crop production and adjust industrial structure

“经过努力，一大批研究成果从实验室走进田间地头。”唐华俊说，山东冬小麦监测结果用于指导该省冬小麦种植补贴，广西监测结果应用于指导灾损补偿发放……遥感监测系统广泛应用于31个省份。2012年，“主要农作物遥感监测关键技术研究及业务化应用”获得国家科技进步二等奖。

"After hard work, a large number of research results have entered the fields from the laboratory." Tang Huajun said that the monitoring results of winter wheat in Shandong are used to guide the planting subsidies of winter wheat in the province, and the monitoring results in Guangxi are used to guide the payment of disaster compensation... Remote sensing monitoring systems are widely used in 31 provinces. In 2012, "Research on Key Technologies of Remote Sensing Monitoring of Major Crops and Operational Application" won the second prize of National Science and Technology Progress Award.

防灾减灾也是农业“天眼”的重要功能。及时、准确获取多尺度的农业旱涝灾害信息是农业生产的迫切需求。“防灾减灾就是增产增收，农业科研义不容辞。”为了攻克难题，唐华俊带领团队开展系统研究，突破旱涝灾害信息快速获取、灾情动态解析、灾损定量评估等技术瓶颈，研发出精度高、尺度大、周期短的农业旱涝灾害遥感监测技术，达到国际先进水平，目前该技术已经在15个省份落地应用。2014年，“农业旱涝灾害遥感监测技术”获得国家科技进步二等奖。

Disaster prevention and mitigation is also an important function of agricultural "Eye of Heaven". It is an urgent need for agricultural production to obtain multi-scale agricultural drought and flood disaster information timely and accurately. "Disaster prevention and mitigation is to increase production and income, and agricultural scientific research is obligatory." In order to overcome the difficult problems, Tang Huajun led the team to carry out systematic research, break through the technical bottlenecks such as rapid acquisition of drought and flood disaster information, dynamic analysis of disasters and quantitative assessment of disaster losses, and developed remote sensing monitoring technology for agricultural drought and flood disasters with high precision, large scale and short period, reaching the international advanced level. At present, this technology has been applied in 15 provinces. In 2014, "Remote Sensing Monitoring Technology for Agricultural Drought and Flood Disasters" won the second prize of National Science and Technology Progress Award.

如今，现代农业加快发展，科技给农业现代化插上了翅膀，必须大力推进农业机械化、智能化。唐华俊敏锐捕捉到了新课题：“数据成了新农资，科技成了新农具，智慧农业前景大好。”

Nowadays, with the accelerated development of modern agriculture, science and technology have inserted wings into agricultural modernization, so we must vigorously promote agricultural mechanization and intelligence. Tang Huajun keenly captured the new topic: "Data has become a new agricultural material, technology has become a new farm tool, and smart agriculture has great prospects."

面对新课题，唐华俊坚守在科研一线。“我有个心愿——让天空地一体化的遥感技术为智慧农业赋能，让农业成为有奔头的产业，让更多乡亲种地有赚头。”

Facing the new topic, Tang Huajun stuck to the front line of scientific research. "I have a wish-let the remote sensing technology of sky-land integration empower smart agriculture, make agriculture an industry with a head start, and let more folks make a profit in farming."

中国工程院院士张福锁创建绿色增产增效技术体系——

Zhang Fusuo, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, created a green technical system for increasing production and increasing efficiency-

一心推动农业科技走进田间地头

Dedicated to promoting agricultural science and technology into the fields

本报记者 李晓晴

Our reporter Li Xiaoqing

“目标是将农田氮磷排放减少30%—50%，入湖负荷减少10%—20%，农田亩产值每年每亩超过1万元。”近日，中国工程院院士、国家现代农业产业技术体系绿色低碳共性技术创新团队首席专家、中国农业大学教授张福锁（见图③，右一，国家农业绿色发展研究院供图）带领团队在云南省大理白族自治州洱海流域，围绕“面源污染解析与防控”“高值作物系统构建与优化”等六大方面开展攻关……

"The goal is to reduce the nitrogen and phosphorus emissions from farmland by 30%-50%, reduce the load into the lake by 10%-20%, and the output value of farmland per mu exceeds 10,000 yuan per mu per year." Recently, Zhang Fusuo, academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering, chief expert of green and low-carbon common technology innovation team of national modern agricultural industrial technology system, and professor of China Agricultural University (see Figure ③, first from right, courtesy of National Agricultural Green Development Research Institute) led the team in Erhai Basin, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. Carry out research on six aspects such as "non-point source pollution analysis and prevention and control" and "high-value crop system construction and optimization"...

自今年2月洱海流域农业绿色发展研究院正式成立以来，张福锁已经在大理市湾桥镇古生村工作生活130多天。

Since the Erhai Lake Basin Agricultural Green Development Research Institute was formally established in February this year, Zhang Fusuo has worked and lived in Gusheng Village, Wanqiao Town, Dali City for more than 130 days.

作为一名农业科学家，张福锁始终心系国家，心系农业，心系农民。

As an agricultural scientist, Zhang Fusuo always cares about the country, agriculture and farmers.

出生于陕西凤翔的张福锁经常这样说：“我是一名老师，也是一个农民。我生长在农村，干过农活，对农民的辛苦有着真切体会，对农业一直怀有这样的情结：到农村去、到生产实践中去，解决生产中的问题，为农业的增产增收做出自己的贡献。”

Zhang Fusuo, born in Fengxiang, Shaanxi Province, often said, "I am a teacher and a farmer. I grew up in the countryside and did farm work. I have a real experience of the hard work of farmers. I have always had such a complex for agriculture: go to the countryside, go to production practice, solve problems in production, and make my own contribution to increasing production and income of agriculture."

在30多年的农业生产科学研究中，张福锁始终坚持在一线从事植物营养学理论与技术创新，突破作物高产与环境保护的协同难题，创建绿色增产增效技术体系，助力农业绿色转型。

In the scientific research of agricultural production for more than 30 years, Zhang Fusuo has always insisted on the innovation of plant nutrition theory and technology in the front line, breaking through the synergistic problem between high crop yield and environmental protection, creating a green technical system for increasing production and increasing efficiency, and helping the green transformation of agriculture.

1985年，张福锁走出国门到国外学习，师从世界闻名的植物营养学家。那里的生活、学习和工作条件虽然诱人，但张福锁却没有产生留在国外的想法。他说：“出国是想了解国外的发展情况，在国外多学东西，回来好报效祖国。”

In 1985, Zhang Fusuo went abroad to study and studied under the world-famous plant nutritionist. Although the living, studying and working conditions there are attractive, Zhang Fusuo has no idea of staying abroad. He said: "Going abroad is to understand the development of foreign countries, learn more things abroad, and come back to serve the motherland."

上世纪90年代以来，中国化肥用量快速增加，依靠改土施肥等传统思路解决不了既要增产又要环保的问题，必须创新理论和技术。

Since 1990s, the amount of chemical fertilizer in China has increased rapidly. Traditional ideas such as improving soil and fertilizing cannot solve the problems of increasing production and protecting the environment, so it is necessary to innovate theories and technologies.

回国后，张福锁把一句“没有努力，就没有成就”的座右铭贴在办公桌旁，一头扎进了科研……张福锁带领团队克服一个又一个困难，赢得了一个又一个科学发现。张福锁团队先后发现小麦缺锌分泌的植物铁载体类根分泌物，改变了国际植物营养界过去公认的“缺铁专一性反应机理”的观点；证明了铁载体化合物对根际微量元素活化能力的非专一性；在国际上首次阐释了花生和玉米间作改善花生铁营养状况的现象和机理，并把这一成果运用于我国传统的间套作生产体系中……

After returning home, Zhang Fusuo posted the motto "No effort, no achievement" on his desk and plunged into scientific research... Zhang Fusuo led the team to overcome one difficulty after another and won one scientific discovery after another. Zhang Fusuo's team has discovered the root exudates of plant iron carriers secreted by zinc deficiency in wheat, which changed the view of "iron deficiency specific response mechanism" recognized by the international plant nutrition community in the past; It is proved that iron carrier compounds are non-specific in activating trace elements in rhizosphere. For the first time in the world, the phenomenon and mechanism of peanut and corn intercropping to improve peanut iron nutrition status were explained, and this achievement was applied to the traditional intercropping production system in China...

30年来，张福锁荣获国家自然科学奖二等奖、国家科技进步奖二等奖、国家级教学成果奖二等奖、农业农村部“中华农业英才奖”等奖项。

In the past 30 years, Zhang Fusuo has won the second prize of National Natural Science Award, the second prize of National Science and Technology Progress Award, the second prize of National Teaching Achievement Award, and the "Chinese Agricultural Talent Award" of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.

科学报国一直是张福锁的努力方向。如今，由他牵头创立的“科技小院”遍布祖国大江南北……

Serving the country scientifically has always been the direction of Zhang Fusuo's efforts. Today, the "Science and Technology Courtyard" led by him is all over the north and south of the motherland...

去年4月，刺梨开花前，贵州省毕节市七星关区撒拉溪镇龙凤村刺梨基地里，多了几位大学生，他们每天骑着三轮车穿梭于乡间。当地村干部介绍：“这是中国农业大学的‘科技小院’项目，师生到村里和村民同吃、同住、同劳动，针对当地产业的关键问题，开展技术攻关与集成创新。”

Last April, before the Rosa roxburghii blossomed, there were several college students in the Rosa roxburghii base in Longfeng Village, Salaxi Town, Qixingguan District, Bijie City, Guizhou Province, who rode tricycles through the countryside every day. The local village cadres introduced: "This is the 'Science and Technology Courtyard' project of China Agricultural University. Teachers and students go to the village to eat, live and work with the villagers, and carry out technical research and integrated innovation for key issues of local industries."

位于龙凤村的“科技小院”是中国农业大学在贵州成立的第一个“科技小院”。目前，31个省份已建起480个“科技小院”，示范面积1142万亩，培训农民28万多人次。

The "Science and Technology Courtyard" located in Longfeng Village is the first "Science and Technology Courtyard" established by China Agricultural University in Guizhou. At present, 480 "small science and technology institutes" have been built in 31 provinces, with a demonstration area of 11.42 million mu and training more than 280,000 farmers.

2009年，张福锁和中国农业大学的同事们在河北曲周县创建了第一个“科技小院”。2009年至今，张福锁带领团队师生每年200多天扎根农村，在生产一线开展科技创新、社会服务和人才培养，科技人员与农民一起搞创新，直接把科技成果送到田间地头，为作物高产高效和农民增收致富做出了突出贡献。

In 2009, Zhang Fusuo and colleagues from China Agricultural University established the first "Science and Technology Academy" in Quzhou County, Hebei Province. Since 2009, Zhang Fusuo has led the team of teachers and students to take root in the countryside for more than 200 days every year, carrying out scientific and technological innovation, social services and personnel training in the front line of production. Scientific and technical personnel work with farmers to innovate and directly send scientific and technological achievements to the fields, making outstanding contributions to high yield and high efficiency of crops and increasing farmers' income and wealth.

“耕地是粮食生产的命根子。”由此，张福锁提出“第三次全国土壤普查”建议，为我国中低产田产能提升、粮食安全和生态保护提供决策依据。去年4月，深谙耕地重要性的张福锁联合中国工程院多名院士建议尽快开展全国耕地质量普查。《国务院关于开展第三次全国土壤普查的通知》指出，决定自2022年起开展第三次全国土壤普查。这项工作将促进中长期土壤健康与可持续发展，推动农业绿色转型，为健康中国建设提供依据。

"Cultivated land is the lifeblood of food production." Therefore, Zhang Fusuo put forward the proposal of "the third national soil census", which provided decision-making basis for improving production capacity, food security and ecological protection of low-and medium-yield fields in China. In April last year, Zhang Fusuo, who is well versed in the importance of cultivated land, and several academicians of Chinese Academy of Engineering suggested that a national survey of cultivated land quality should be carried out as soon as possible. The Circular of the State Council on Carrying out the Third National Soil Census pointed out that it was decided to carry out the Third National Soil Census from 2022. This work will promote the healthy and sustainable development of soil in the medium and long term, promote the green transformation of agriculture, and provide a basis for the construction of a healthy China.

创建农业绿色发展交叉学科，突破绿色发展关键技术，推动农业绿色发展落地。张福锁带领团队创新农业绿色发展多目标协同研究方法，系统揭示了我国化肥的增产和环境效应，为养分管理由单一增产目标向高产高效绿色可持续发展多目标协同转型提供了依据和支撑。

Create an interdisciplinary subject of agricultural green development, break through the key technologies of green development, and promote the green development of agriculture. Zhang Fusuo led the team to innovate the multi-objective collaborative research method of agricultural green development, systematically revealed the yield increase and environmental effects of chemical fertilizers in China, and provided the basis and support for the multi-objective collaborative transformation of nutrient management from a single yield increase goal to high-yield, high-efficiency and green sustainable development.

推动农业科技走进田间地头，为农业高质量发展插上翅膀。在过去10年里，张福锁团队以“科教专家网络、政府推广网络、校企合作网络”为平台，组织1152名研究人员、6.5万名农业推广人员对接452个县2090万农民参与绿色增产技术模式推广应用，累计推广3770万公顷土地，减少氮肥用量120万吨。

Promote agricultural science and technology into the fields, and insert wings for the high-quality development of agriculture. In the past 10 years, Zhang Fusuo's team organized 1,152 researchers and 65,000 agricultural extension personnel to connect with 20.9 million farmers in 452 counties to participate in the popularization and application of green production-increasing technology model, with a total promotion of 37.7 million hectares of land and a reduction of 1.2 million tons of nitrogen fertilizer.

《 人民日报 》（ 2022年08月30日 06 版）

People's Daily (August 30, 2022, 06 Edition)