对噪声扰民问题作出针对性规定 我国立法维护安静和谐的生活环境

Make targeted provisions on the problem of noise disturbing people. China's legislation maintains a quiet and harmonious living environment.

广场舞喧闹、机动车轰鸣“炸街”、室内装修噪声扰民……噪声污染与人民群众的生活息息相关，一直是社会和广大人民群众关心的热点问题。

Loud square dancing, roaring of motor vehicles "streaking", noise from indoor decoration disturbing the residents... Noise pollution is closely related to people's lives and has always been a hot issue of concern to the society and the general public.

日前，十三届全国人大常委会第三十二次会议表决通过《中华人民共和国噪声污染防治法》，以法律的形式对噪声排放标准、噪声污染源头预防、加强噪声污染防治信息公开等方面作出了明确规定。

A few days ago, the 32nd meeting of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress voted to pass the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Noise Pollution", which, in the form of law, has made clear provisions on aspects such as noise emission standards, prevention at the source of noise pollution, and strengthening the disclosure of information on noise pollution prevention and control.

“噪声污染防治法的出台，将为解决人民群众身边最直接、最突出的噪声污染问题提供更有力的法治保障。”十三届全国人大环境与资源保护委员会副主任委员程立峰表示，这标志着环境污染防治法律制度建设进入新阶段。

“The introduction of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Noise Pollution will provide stronger legal protection for solving the most direct and prominent noise pollution problems around the people.” Cheng Lifeng, deputy chairman of the Environment and Resources Protection Committee of the 13th National People's Congress, said that this marks a new stage in the construction of legal systems for environmental pollution prevention and control.

对噪声扰民问题作出针对性规定

Make targeted provisions for the problem of noise disturbing people.

近年来，广场舞成为不少群众的娱乐健身方式，但由此产生的噪声给周边居民造成很大烦恼，时常引发矛盾纠纷。

In recent years, square dancing has become an entertainment and fitness way for many people. However, the noise generated thereby has caused great annoyance to the surrounding residents and often led to conflicts and disputes.

“当前一半以上的噪声举报都是针对社会生活噪声，其中广场舞等公共场所的噪声扰民问题尤为突出。”北京公众环境研究中心主任马军介绍。

"At present, more than half of noise complaints are aimed at social life noise. Among them, the problem of noise from public places such as square dancing disturbing people is particularly prominent." Ma Jun, director of the Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs in Beijing, introduced.

为了解决这一问题，在防止广场舞噪声扰民方面，噪声污染防治法规定，在街道、广场、公园等公共场所组织或者开展娱乐、健身等活动，应当遵守公共场所管理者有关活动区域、时段、音量等规定，采取有效措施，防止噪声污染；不得违反规定使用音响器材产生过大音量。同时，明确公共场所管理者应当合理规定娱乐、健身等活动的区域、时段、音量，可以采取设置噪声自动监测和显示设施等措施加强管理。

To solve this problem, in terms of preventing square dancing noise from disturbing people, the Law on the Prevention and Control of Noise Pollution stipulates that when organizing or carrying out entertainment, fitness and other activities in public places such as streets, squares and parks, people shall abide by the regulations on activity areas, time periods and volume set by the managers of public places, and take effective measures to prevent noise pollution; it is not allowed to use audio equipment to generate excessive volume in violation of regulations. At the same time, it is made clear that managers of public places shall reasonably stipulate the areas, time periods and volume of activities such as entertainment and fitness, and can take measures such as setting up automatic noise monitoring and display facilities to strengthen management.

发现噪声超标，喇叭将发出自动提醒，5分钟内音量如果没有调低，便会通过人工喊话再次提醒，如果依旧不起作用，工作人员会立即到现场劝说。上海尝试创新推出广场舞噪声预警系统，噪声超标后会有警示、提醒等系列措施。

If noise is found to exceed the standard, the speaker will issue an automatic reminder. If the volume is not lowered within 5 minutes, a reminder will be issued again through manual shouting. If it still has no effect, the staff will immediately go to the scene to persuade. Shanghai has tried to innovatively launch a noise early warning system for square dancing. After the noise exceeds the standard, there will be a series of measures such as warnings and reminders.

“噪声污染防治法吸收了这种好的经验做法，提出通过设置噪声自动监测和显示设施加强管理，及时介入劝阻和调解，第一时间解决问题。”马军说。

"The Law on the Prevention and Control of Noise Pollution has absorbed this good experience and practice. It is proposed to strengthen management by setting up automatic noise monitoring and display facilities, intervene in dissuasion and mediation in a timely manner, and solve problems immediately." Ma Jun said.

针对工地夜间施工扰民，屡屡投诉却难以解决的问题，噪声污染防治法对此作出了罚款之外更严格的处罚规定，排放噪声造成严重污染，被责令改正拒不改正的，生态环境主管部门或者其他负有噪声污染防治监督管理职责的部门，可以查封、扣押排放噪声的场所、设施、设备、工具和物品。

In response to the problem of night time construction at construction sites disturbing residents and being difficult to solve despite frequent complaints, the Law on the Prevention and Control of Noise Pollution has made stricter penalty provisions in addition to fines. For those who discharge noise and cause serious pollution and refuse to correct after being ordered to do so, the ecological environment department or other departments responsible for the supervision and management of noise pollution prevention and control may seal up and detain the places, facilities, equipment, tools and articles that emit noise.

“这种查封扣押的强制措施，加大了处罚强度，丰富了处罚手段，迫使排放噪声单位必须更加重视噪声对周围环境造成的影响。”中国政法大学教授王灿发表示。

"This coercive measure of seizure and detention increases the intensity of penalties and enriches penalty means, forcing noise-emitting units to pay more attention to the impact of noise on the surrounding environment." Wang Canfa, a professor at China University of Political Science and Law, said.

重新界定噪声污染概念内涵，扩大农村地区防治范围

Redefine the connotation of the concept of noise pollution and expand the scope of prevention and control in rural areas.

随着我国经济社会的发展，噪声污染区域由城市扩展到了农村，高铁、城市轨道交通等新型噪声源不断出现，室外活动噪声、室内噪声污染形式也愈发多样。

With the development of China's economy and society, the area of noise pollution has expanded from urban to rural areas. New noise sources such as high - speed railways and urban rail transit have emerged continuously, and the forms of outdoor activity noise and indoor noise pollution have become more and more diverse.

在立法过程中，有专家和社会公众提出，噪声污染概念范围的确定直接影响群众权益保护，必须进行明确。对此，噪声污染防治法在“超标+扰民”基础上，将“未依法采取防控措施产生噪声，并干扰他人正常生活、工作和学习的现象”定义为噪声污染，明确界定了噪声污染的概念和内涵。

During the legislative process, some experts and the public proposed that the determination of the concept and scope of noise pollution directly affects the protection of people's rights and interests and must be clearly defined. In response to this, on the basis of "exceeding standards + disturbing people", the Law on the Prevention and Control of Noise Pollution defines the phenomenon of "generating noise without taking prevention and control measures in accordance with the law and interfering with others' normal lives, work and study" as noise pollution, clearly defining the concept and connotation of noise pollution.

目前，农村地区的噪声污染除了生活噪声污染外，还面临着工业噪声、交通运输噪声等问题。“立法过程中，通过对黑龙江、江苏、内蒙古等9个省份、60余个农村地区的9000余份调查问卷的统计显示，有45.6%的农村居民认为公路建设带来的工业噪声较为严重。”全国人大常委会委员李钺锋介绍。

At present, in rural areas, apart from domestic noise pollution, there are also problems such as industrial noise and transportation noise. "During the legislative process, statistics from more than 9,000 questionnaires in over 60 rural areas of 9 provinces including Heilongjiang, Jiangsu and Inner Mongolia showed that 45.6% of rural residents think that the industrial noise brought by highway construction is quite serious," introduced Li Yuefeng, a member of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress.

“针对这类问题，噪声污染防治法扩大了防治对象的适用范围，将一些仅适用于城市的规定扩展至农村地区。”全国人大常委会法工委行政法室副主任刘海涛介绍。

"In response to such issues, the Law on the Prevention and Control of Noise Pollution has expanded the scope of application of prevention and control objects and extended some provisions only applicable to cities to rural areas." Liu Haitao, deputy director of the Administrative Law Office of the Legislative Affairs Commission of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, introduced.

与此同时，噪声污染防治法针对突出问题，加强分类细化管理。比如在工业噪声防治中，增加排污许可管理；在建筑施工噪声防治中，增加噪声污染防治费用列入工程造价、优先使用低噪声施工工艺和设备等方面内容。

At the same time, the Law on the Prevention and Control of Noise Pollution strengthens classified and detailed management for prominent problems. For example, in the prevention and control of industrial noise, the management of pollutant discharge permits is added; in the prevention and control of construction noise, the content such as including the cost of noise - pollution prevention and control in the project cost and giving priority to the use of low - noise construction techniques and equipment is added.

强化源头治理，解决“先路后房、先房后路”噪声问题

Strengthen governance at the source to solve the noise problems of "roads first and then houses, houses first and then roads".

推进噪声污染防治标准体系建设；将噪声污染防治工作纳入国民经济和社会发展规划；及时编制声环境质量改善规划及实施方案……噪声污染防治法强化源头防控，健全规划、标准、监测和环评制度。

Promote the construction of the noise - pollution - prevention standard system; Incorporate noise - pollution - prevention work into the national economic and social development plan; Promptly formulate plans and implementation schemes for improving the acoustic - environment quality... The Law on the Prevention and Control of Noise Pollution strengthens prevention and control at the source and improves the planning, standard, monitoring and environmental - impact - assessment systems.

“噪声污染防治法的亮点之一是强调了噪声污染防治标准和规划的作用，特别是在标准体系建设方面，规定国家推进噪声污染防治标准体系，并且明确规定了产品的噪声限值。”王灿发介绍，对于可能产生噪声污染的工业设备、施工机械等产品，要求在其技术规范或者产品质量标准中规定噪声限值，并且对产品及其使用时发出的噪声进行监督抽测，这对从源头控制噪声污染发挥了重要作用。

"One of the highlights of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Noise Pollution is that it emphasizes the role of noise - pollution - prevention standards and plans. Especially in terms of standard system construction, it stipulates that the state promotes the noise - pollution - prevention standard system and clearly stipulates the noise limits of products." Wang Canfa introduced that for products such as industrial equipment and construction machinery that may cause noise pollution, it is required to stipulate noise limits in their technical specifications or product quality standards, and conduct supervision and random testing on the products and the noise emitted when they are in use. This plays an important role in controlling noise pollution from the source.

与此同时，王灿发认为噪声污染和城市建设规划不合理有很大关系。比如在有的地方规划中，公路或者交通轨道从居民区附近穿过。像这种规划方式，无论后续采取什么样的防治措施，噪声治理难度都很大。因此，城市在建设规划中，要有一定的预见性，通过合理规划，避免或最大限度减少噪声产生。

At the same time, Wang Canfa believes that noise pollution is greatly related to unreasonable urban construction planning. For example, in some local plans, highways or transportation tracks pass near residential areas. With this kind of planning method, no matter what prevention and control measures are taken later, it is very difficult to control noise. Therefore, in urban construction planning, there must be a certain degree of foresight. Through reasonable planning, noise generation can be avoided or minimized to the greatest extent.

噪声污染防治法就此针对“先路后房、先房后路”两种情况作了明确规定。对于“先房后路”的情况，增加了符合有关交通基础设施工程技术规范以及标准要求的规定；对“先路后房”的情况，增加了符合民用建筑隔声设计相关标准要求的规定。

The Law on the Prevention and Control of Noise Pollution has made clear provisions for the two situations of "roads first and then houses" and "houses first and then roads" in this regard. For the situation of "houses first and then roads", provisions that meet the requirements of relevant technical specifications and standards for transportation infrastructure engineering have been added; for the situation of "roads first and then houses", provisions that meet the requirements of relevant standards for sound insulation design of civil buildings have been added.

此外，解决“先路后房、先房后路”噪声问题需要综合施策，比如环境影响评价、噪声污染防治设施与主体工程同时设计同时施工同时投产使用、新建公路铁路线路选线设计尽量避开噪声敏感建筑物集中区域等。噪声污染防治法对相关问题也作出了专门规定。

In addition, solving the noise problem of "roads first and then houses" and "houses first and then roads" requires comprehensive measures, such as environmental impact assessment, simultaneous design, construction and commissioning of noise pollution prevention and control facilities and the main project, and selection and design of new highway and railway routes to avoid concentrated areas of noise-sensitive buildings as much as possible. The Law on the Prevention and Control of Noise Pollution has also made special provisions on related issues.

“噪声污染是当前社会治理和人民群众关心的热点问题，噪声污染防治法针对群众反映强烈的问题进行规范，符合社会治理实际和人民群众期盼，为保证人民群众获得安静舒适的环境提供了法治保障。”马军表示，应当加强噪声污染防治法律法规和知识的宣传教育普及工作，增强公众噪声污染防治意识，引导公众依法参与噪声污染防治工作。

"Noise pollution is a hot issue in current social governance and of concern to the people. The Law on the Prevention and Control of Noise Pollution regulates issues strongly reflected by the people, which is in line with social governance practice and the expectations of the people. It provides legal protection for ensuring that the people obtain a quiet and comfortable environment." Ma Jun said that publicity, education and popularization of noise pollution prevention and control laws, regulations and knowledge should be strengthened to enhance the public's awareness of noise pollution prevention and control and guide the public to participate in noise pollution prevention and control work in accordance with the law.

版式设计：蔡华伟

Format Design: Cai Huawei

《 人民日报 》（ 2022年01月06日 18 版）

People's Daily (January 06, 2022, 18th Edition)