广西来宾：“四种模式”推动油茶产业发展助农增收

Guangxi Guests: "Four Modes" Promote the Development of Camellia oleifera Industry, Help Agriculture Increase Income

近年来，广西壮族自治区来宾市深入实施油茶“双千”计划，助力乡村培育富民产业，以“四种模式”走出了一条双赢的发展之路。目前，来宾全市油茶林面积达18万亩，其中选育推广香花油茶优良品种6个，种植面积达1万多亩，油茶产业发展覆盖带动脱贫户2000多户，受益人口2万多人，促进农民年人均增收800多元。

In recent years, Laibin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, has deeply implemented the "Double Thousand" plan for camellia oleifera, helping rural areas cultivate industries that enrich the people, and has embarked on a win-win development path with the "four modes". Currently, the area of oil tea forest in Laibin City reaches 180000 mu, including 6 excellent varieties of fragrant flower oil tea selected and promoted, with a planting area of more than 10000 mu. The development of oil tea industry has driven more than 2000 poverty-stricken households, benefiting more than 20000 people, and promoting an annual per capita income increase of more than 800 yuan for farmers.

“油茶+N”发展模式，释放产业潜力。创新推广“油茶+N”复合经营模式，着力解决油茶造林地难落实问题，提高土地产出率。率先在全区尝试澳洲坚果套种油茶，凤凰镇北五林场500亩澳洲坚果基地内套种油茶3万株，2022年收获澳洲坚果2万斤，油茶果6万斤，总产值约68万元，比澳洲坚果单一种植增收18万多元。同时，来宾市相继多点推广油茶+茶叶、油茶+八角、油茶+桉树、油茶+澳洲坚果等新模式，套种面积达2500亩。

"Camellia oleifera+N" development model, unleashing industrial potential. Innovate and promote the "Camellia oleifera+N" compound business model, focus on solving the problem of difficult implementation of Camellia oleifera afforestation land, and improve the land yield. Taking the lead in trying to interplant macadamia nuts with camellia oleifera in the whole region, the 500 mu macadamia nut base of the North Five Forest Farm in Phoenix Town was interplanted with 30000 camellia oleifera trees. In 2022, 20000 kilograms of macadamia nuts and 60000 kilograms of camellia oleifera fruits were harvested, with a total output value of about 680000 yuan, an increase of more than 180000 yuan compared to the single planting of macadamia nuts. At the same time, Laibin City has successively promoted new models such as camellia oleifera+tea, camellia oleifera+star anise, camellia oleifera+eucalyptus, camellia oleifera+macadamia nuts, with an interplanting area of 2500 mu.

“基地+农户”带动模式，引领长效增收。探索推行“基地+农户”模式，建立产业基地，村民以土地入股并入园务工实现增收，并通过抓示范树典型，全面推进油茶产业发展，辐射带动村民发展产业致富。充分利用国有维都林场油茶基地资源优势打造油茶小镇，谋划油茶产业与乡村振兴、旅游产业、林下经济等有效衔接，推动三产融合发展。目前国有维都林场油茶小镇核心区建设面积达到3700多亩，林下经济达到800多亩，已评定为广西五星级林业核心示范区。全市6个县（市、区）建有油茶示范基地10个，总面积1.12万亩，覆盖带动脱贫户1250多户，成立油茶造林专业合作社20家，辐射油茶造林面积5万多亩，受益人口1万多人，每人年均增收1000多元。

The "base+farmer" driving model leads to long-term income growth. Explore the implementation of the "base+farmer" model, establish an industrial base, and villagers can increase their income through land acquisition and work in the park. By focusing on model trees, comprehensively promote the development of the camellia industry, radiating and driving the development of the industry and prosperity of villagers. Make full use of the resource advantages of the state-owned Weidu Forest Farm's oil tea base to create an oil tea town, plan for the effective connection of the oil tea industry with rural revitalization, tourism industry, and understory economy, and promote the integrated development of three industries. Currently, the construction area of the core area of the state-owned Weidu Forest Farm Oiltea Town has reached more than 3700 mu, and the economy under the forest has reached more than 800 mu. It has been evaluated as a five-star forestry core demonstration area in Guangxi. In 6 counties (cities, districts) in the city, there are 10 camellia demonstration bases with a total area of 11200 mu, covering more than 1250 poverty-stricken households, establishing 20 camellia afforestation professional cooperatives, radiating an area of over 50000 mu for camellia afforestation, benefiting more than 10000 people, and increasing annual income of more than 1000 yuan per person.

“科技+品牌”赋能模式，推动提质增效。依托国家现代农业产业园区政策优势，携手科研院校企业，支持企业开展油茶新品种引种试验。目前，来宾市国家现代农业产业园广西益元香花油茶新品种中试基地已引种香花油茶新品种无性系110个，研究品种种植面积1300多亩，选育出义丹、义禄等6个香花油茶良种，具备存活率高、生长快、产量高、油脂优等优良特性，被誉为“南方油茶高产的新希望”。据测产，种植四年香花油茶亩产茶油达71公斤，较普通油茶提升约260%。

The "technology+brand" enabling model promotes quality and efficiency improvement. Relying on the policy advantages of the national modern agricultural industrial park, we will cooperate with scientific research institutions and enterprises to support enterprises in conducting the introduction experiment of new varieties of camellia oleifera. Currently, the Guangxi Yiyuan Xianghua Oiltea New Variety Pilot Plant of Laibin National Modern Agricultural Industrial Park has introduced 110 new varieties of Xianghua Oiltea clones, with a planting area of more than 1300 mu. Six improved varieties of Xianghua Oiltea, including Yidan and Yilu, have been selected, possessing excellent characteristics such as high survival rate, fast growth, high yield, and excellent oil quality, and are known as "the new hope for high yield of South Oiltea". According to the production measurement, the yield of scented camellia oil per mu planted for four years reached 71 kg, which is about 260% higher than that of ordinary camellia oil.

“能人+农户”推广模式，拓宽林农增收渠道。通过“能人+基地+农户”模式推广新品种，带动合作社、企业、个人等合作开展香花油茶种植1万多亩，带动农户3000多人。企业为种植户免费提供油茶种苗和技术指导，同时跟种植户签订产品回收协议，进行统一收购。农户将土地出租给种植大户或种植基地，并到油茶园务工，不仅有效助力种植户实现收入持续稳定增加，还为周边群众提供了大量的就业务工机会和增收渠道，促进部分农户年均增收约2万元。（韦秋利）

The promotion model of "capable people+farmers" has broadened the channels for increasing income of forest farmers. Promote new varieties through the "capable person+base+farmer" model, drive cooperatives, enterprises, individuals, etc. to cooperate to cultivate more than 10000 mu of fragrant camellia oleifera, and drive more than 3000 farmers. The enterprise provides free oiltea seedlings and technical guidance to planters, and signs product recycling agreements with planters for unified acquisition. Farmers rent land to large farmers or planting bases and work in oil tea plantations, which not only effectively helps farmers achieve sustained and stable income growth, but also provides a large number of employment and employment opportunities and income increasing channels for the surrounding population, promoting an annual income increase of about 20000 yuan for some farmers. (Wei Qiuli)