瞭望·治国理政纪事丨保护“国宝”热带雨林

Looking at, governing the country, governing the government and protecting the "national treasure" tropical rain forest

◆ “热带雨林国家公园是国宝，是水库、粮库、钱库，更是碳库，要充分认识其对国家的战略意义，努力结出累累硕果”。2022年4月，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平在海南考察时指出，海南要坚持生态立省不动摇，把生态文明建设作为重中之重，对热带雨林实行严格保护，实现生态保护、绿色发展、民生改善相统一，向世界展示中国国家公园建设和生物多样性保护的丰硕成果。

"Tropical Rainforest National Park is a national treasure, a reservoir, a grain depot, a Qian Ku and a carbon reservoir. It is necessary to fully understand its strategic significance to the country and strive to bear fruitful results". In April 2022, 　, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, President of the state and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, pointed out during his inspection tour in Hainan that Hainan should unswervingly adhere to the ecological province, take the construction of ecological civilization as the top priority, strictly protect tropical rain forests, realize the unity of ecological protection, green development and improvement of people's livelihood, and show the world the fruitful achievements of China's national park construction and biodiversity protection.

◆ 2019年7月，国家公园管理局印发《海南热带雨林国家公园体制试点方案》；2020年6月，国家林草局印发《海南热带雨林国家公园总体规划（试行）》；2021年9月，国务院批复同意设立海南热带雨林国家公园。

◆ In July 2019, National Park Administration issued Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park System Pilot Program;In June 2020, the State Forestry and Grass Bureau issued the Overall Planning of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park (Trial);In September 2021, the State Council approved the establishment of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park.

◆ 牢记总书记的嘱托，海南省将国家公园建设视为“国之大者”，置于建设国家生态文明试验区（海南）的六大标志性工程之首，探路国家公园体制，推进雨林生态修复，锻造绿色屏障，推动融合互促，努力使海南热带雨林“国宝”重焕蓬勃生机。

◆ Bearing in mind the instructions of the General Secretary, Hainan Province regards the construction of national park as "the great nation" and places it at the top of the six landmark projects for the construction of National Ecological Civilization Experimental Zone (Hainan), explores the national park system, promotes the ecological restoration of rainforest, forges green barrier, promotes integration and mutual promotion, and strives to make the "national treasure" of Hainan tropical rain forest rejuvenate.

◆ “国家公园体制试点期间，由省委省政府与国家林草局共同成立建设工作推进领导小组的，海南热带雨林国家公园是唯一一个。”

◆ "During the pilot period of national park system, Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park is the only one in which the provincial party committee and provincial government and the State Forestry and Grass Bureau jointly set up a leading group for promoting construction work."

◆ 海南将已征收为国有的安置区用地，与雨林中腾出的农村集体土地进行等价置换。置换后，国有土地登记变更为集体土地，集体土地登记变更为国有土地，原土地的使用性质不变。

◆ Hainan will expropriate the land for state-owned resettlement area and replace it with the rural collective land vacated in the rainforest. After the replacement, the state-owned land registration is changed to collective land, and the collective land registration is changed to state-owned land, and the use nature of the original land remains unchanged.

◆ 目前，海南热带雨林国家公园生态搬迁完成度超过99%，将空间让给雨林的诺言即将兑现。

◆ At present, the ecological relocation of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park has been completed by more than 99%, and the promise of giving space to the rainforest will be fulfilled soon.

◆ “海南热带雨林保护与修复或将成为全球生态系统保护工作的模范案例，可为更多的热带雨林保护修复项目提供经验。”

◆ "The protection and restoration of tropical rainforest in Hainan may become a model case of global ecosystem protection, which can provide experience for more tropical rainforest protection and restoration projects."

◆ 带动更多人进入、认识、热爱、珍惜热带雨林，让“人人为雨林，人人爱雨林”的国家公园文化深入人心。

◆ Drive more people to enter, know, love and cherish the tropical rainforest, so that the national park culture of "everyone for the rainforest, everyone loves the rainforest" is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.

视频丨呵护雨林寻共生之路

Video 1. Take care of the rainforest and find the way to symbiosis

文 |《瞭望》新闻周刊记者 陈良杰 王晖余 陈凯姿 陈子薇

Wen |"Looking" News Weekly reporter Chen Liangjie Wang Huiyu Chen Kaizi Chen Ziwei

翻开地图，海南热带雨林国家公园就像一只翩翩起舞的蝴蝶。

Open the map, Hainan Rainforest National Park is like a dancing butterfly.

穿行其间，电影镜头也难以呈现的雨林秘境便会映入眼帘——

Walking through it, the rainforest secrets that are hard to show in the movie lens will come into view_

五指山的古木、树藤和附生的兰、蕨、菌类相伴而生；“中国最美十大森林”之一的尖峰岭，云海下显出多彩光影神韵；黎母山脉氤氲的雾气中，瀑布倾泻而下，在盆地中曲流蜿蜒；毛瑞林区里，狼牙般密集竖立的石林和千岩万壑堆砌成奇伟的热带喀斯特地貌；霸王岭中，人类最濒危的“近亲”海南长臂猿开始了清晨第一次放歌；“水中大熊猫”桃花水母张着触手，游弋在鹦哥岭沟谷的雨林湿地；吊罗山喧哗的瀑布声里，小爪水獭重现故园后留下几只清晰的脚印……

Wuzhishan ancient trees, vines and epiphytic orchids, ferns, fungi accompanied by health;Jianfengling, one of the ten most beautiful forests in China, shows colorful light and shadow under the sea of clouds;In the dense fog of Limu Mountain, waterfalls pour down and meander in the basin;In the Maorui forest area, the densely erected stone forest and thousands of rocks and valleys pile up into a wonderful tropical karst landform;In Bawangling, Hainan gibbon, the most endangered "close relative" of human beings, began to sing for the first time in the morning;"Giant Panda in Water" Peach Blossom Jellyfish with tentacles, swimming in the rainforest wetland of Yinggeling Valley;In the noisy waterfall sound of Diaoluo Mountain, the small-clawed otter leaves a few clear footprints after reappearing in the hometown ...

位于海南岛中部的海南热带雨林，是我国分布最集中、类型最多样、保存最完好、连片面积最大的大陆性岛屿型热带雨林，拥有海南、中国乃至世界独有的动植物及种质基因库，记录有野生维管植物3653种，陆栖脊椎动物540种。

Hainan tropical rain forest, located in the middle of Hainan Island, is a continental island tropical rain forest with the most concentrated distribution, the most diverse types, the best preservation and the largest contiguous area in China. It has the unique gene bank of animals, plants and germplasm in Hainan, China and even the world. There are 3653 species of wild vascular plants and 540 species of six vertebrates recorded.

海南热带雨林国家公园，是海南岛的生态安全屏障，既承担着热带生物多样性和遗传资源的保护重任，也发挥着涵养水源、保持水土、固碳释氧的重要功能。

Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park is the ecological safety barrier of Hainan Island. It not only undertakes the important task of protecting tropical biodiversity and genetic resources, but also plays an important role in water conservation, water and soil conservation, carbon fixation and oxygen release.

这里是习近平总书记深深牵挂的地方——

This is where General Secretary Xi Jinping is deeply concerned-

从2018年在庆祝海南建省办经济特区30周年大会上指出要建设热带雨林等国家公园，到2019年主持中央深改委第六次会议审议通过《海南热带雨林国家公园体制试点方案》，再到2021年以视频方式在联合国生物多样性公约第十五次缔约方大会领导人峰会上向世界宣布我国正式设立海南热带雨林等首批五个国家公园，海南热带雨林国家公园保护、建设、发展的每一步，都凝结着习近平总书记的关心和期盼。

From 2018, at the conference celebrating the 30th anniversary of the establishment of Hainan Provincial Special Economic Zone, it was pointed out that tropical rainforest and other national parks should be built, to 2019, when the sixth meeting of the Central and Shenzhen Development and Reform Commission was presided over to deliberate and adopt the Pilot Scheme for Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park System, and then to 2021, at the Leaders Summit of the 15th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, China announced to the world by video that China had officially established Hainan Tropical Rainforest and other first five national parks.Every step of the protection, construction and development of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park condenses the concern and expectation of General Secretary Xi Jinping.

2019年7月，国家公园管理局印发《海南热带雨林国家公园体制试点方案》；2020年6月，国家林草局印发《海南热带雨林国家公园总体规划（试行）》；2021年9月，国务院批复同意设立海南热带雨林国家公园。

In July 2019, the National Park Administration issued the Pilot Scheme for Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park System;In June 2020, the State Forestry and Grass Bureau issued the Overall Planning of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park (Trial);In September 2021, the State Council approved the establishment of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park.

“热带雨林国家公园是国宝，是水库、粮库、钱库，更是碳库，要充分认识其对国家的战略意义，努力结出累累硕果”。2022年4月，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平在海南考察时指出，海南要坚持生态立省不动摇，把生态文明建设作为重中之重，对热带雨林实行严格保护，实现生态保护、绿色发展、民生改善相统一，向世界展示中国国家公园建设和生物多样性保护的丰硕成果。

"Tropical Rainforest National Park is a national treasure, a reservoir, a grain depot, a money depot and a carbon reservoir. We should fully understand its strategic significance to the country and strive to achieve fruitful results." In April 2022, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, President of the State and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, pointed out during his visit to Hainan that Hainan should adhere to the principle of establishing an ecological province, take the construction of ecological civilization as the top priority, strictly protect the tropical rainforest, realize the unity of ecological protection, green development and people's livelihood improvement, and show the world the fruitful achievements of China's national park construction and biodiversity protection.

牢记总书记的嘱托，海南省将国家公园建设视为“国之大者”，置于建设国家生态文明试验区（海南）的六大标志性工程之首，探路国家公园体制，推进雨林生态修复，锻造绿色屏障，探寻融合互促，努力使海南热带雨林“国宝”重焕蓬勃生机。

Bearing in mind the instructions of the General Secretary, Hainan Province regards the construction of national parks as "the great nation" and places it at the top of the six landmark projects for the construction of the National Ecological Civilization Experimental Zone (Hainan). It explores the national park system, promotes the ecological restoration of rainforest, forges green barriers, explores integration and mutual promotion, and strives to make the "national treasure" of Hainan tropical rain forest rejuvenate.

海南热带雨林国家公园五指山片区的瀑布（2022年5月3日摄） 杨冠宇摄 / 本刊

Waterfall in Wuzhishan Area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park (photographed on May 3,2022) Photographed by Yang Guanyu/this magazine

立，探路国家公园体制

Establish and explore the national park system

筑牢国家公园生态屏障的关键，在于重塑生态文明建设的大格局。自2018年起，海南坚持先立后破，奋力开展国家公园体制试点，探索出一批具有推广价值的国家公园体制建设成果。

The key to building up the ecological barrier of national parks lies in reshaping the general pattern of ecological civilization construction. Since 2018, Hainan has insisted on establishing a national park system first and then breaking it, striving to carry out pilot projects of the national park system and exploring a number of achievements in the construction of the national park system with promotion value.

立法先行，建立支撑保障体系。先后颁布《海南热带雨林国家公园条例（试行）》《海南热带雨林国家公园特许经营管理办法》两部地方性法规，印发实施海南热带雨林国家公园重点工作实施方案，制定实施《海南热带雨林国家公园生态搬迁方案》《海南热带雨林国家公园权力和责任清单》……海南省在法治轨道上持续推动热带雨林国家公园建设，建立并持续完善国家公园支撑保障体系。

Legislation first, establish support security system. The Regulations of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park have been promulgated successively(Trial) Two local laws and regulations,"Measures for the Franchise Management of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park", issued and implemented the implementation plan for the key work of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, formulated and implemented the Ecological Relocation Plan of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park and the List of Powers and Responsibilities of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park ... Hainan Province continues to promote the construction of tropical rainforest national parks on the track of rule of law. Establish and continuously improve the national park support and guarantee system.

2020年1月5日，定位为国家公园和生态文明建设全球智库的海南国家公园研究院成立。该研究院汇集了全球300多名生物学、生态学领域专家，既是热带雨林科研合作国际平台，也是多学科、多层次的全球智库。

On January 5,2020, Hainan National Park Research Institute, positioned as a global think tank for national park and ecological civilization construction, was established. The Institute brings together more than 300 experts in the field of biology and ecology from around the world, which is not only an international platform for scientific research cooperation in tropical rainforests, but also a multi-disciplinary and multi-level global think tank.

海南国家公园研究院执行院长汤炎非，全程见证了海南热带雨林国家公园体制试点和保护建设。他介绍，海南省在建成省级智慧管理中心、智慧雨林大数据中心平台和国家公园自然资源基础数据库的同时，与国内外相关机构逐渐建立起合作机制，定期组织交流活动，学习借鉴国内外先进的生物多样性保护经验。

Tang Yanfei, executive director of Hainan National Park Research Institute, witnessed the pilot system and protection construction of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park. He introduced that while building provincial smart management center, smart rainforest big data center platform and national park natural resources basic database, Hainan Province has gradually established cooperation mechanism with relevant institutions at home and abroad, regularly organized exchange activities, and learned from advanced biodiversity conservation experience at home and abroad.

局省协作，管理规范高效。“海南开了个好头。”从国家林草局到海南挂职海南热带雨林国家公园管理局副局长的王楠说，“国家公园体制试点期间，由省委省政府与国家林草局共同成立建设工作推进领导小组的，海南热带雨林国家公园是唯一一个。”

Bureau and province cooperation, standardized and efficient management. "Hainan has made a good start." "Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park is the only one where the provincial party committee and provincial government and the National Forestry and Grass Bureau jointly set up a leading group to promote construction during the pilot period of the national park system," said Wang Nan, deputy director of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park Administration Bureau from the National Forestry and Grass Bureau.

鉴于原来相对独立的保护区没有内设机构，海南热带雨林国家公园管理局下设7个分局作为二级管理机构，分局部署若干网格化管护站。在五指山分局副局长刘磊看来，这种扁平化管理体制，职权划分更加明确，资产管理更加科学，实现了统一、规范和高效。

In view of the fact that there was no internal organization in the relatively independent protected area, Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park Administration has seven sub-bureaus as secondary management organizations, and the sub-bureaus have deployed several grid management and protection stations. In the opinion of Liu Lei, deputy director of Wuzhishan Branch, this flat management system, the division of functions and powers is more clear, the asset management is more scientific, realizing unity, standardization and efficiency.

负责巡护五指山片区的护林员王大德，对自己的工作早已烂熟于心，遇上毁林开垦、盗伐林木、猎物陷阱、野外住棚和非法放牧的情况，可以及时上报、快速处理。

Wang Dade, a forest ranger in charge of patrolling Wuzhishan area, has long been familiar with his work. In case of deforestation for reclamation, illegal logging, prey traps, wild sheds and illegal grazing, he can report them in time and deal with them quickly.

如今，海南热带雨林国家公园范围内仍居住着2万多人，协调好他们的生产生活与国家公园的建设管理，需要有效的社区协调机制。在海南热带雨林国家公园，管理局各分局与所在市县各部门、乡镇、居民设有“社区协调委员会”，协商解决毁林案件报案程序等问题。

At present, there are still more than 20,000 people living in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park. An effective community coordination mechanism is needed to coordinate their production and life with the construction and management of the national park. In Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, each sub-bureau of the Administration has set up a "Community Coordination Committee" with all departments, towns and towns and residents of the cities and counties where they are located to negotiate and solve problems such as reporting procedures for deforestation cases.

“现在矛盾少了，冲突没了，公园和社区合成一条心，拧成一股绳。”王大德感慨。

"Now there are fewer contradictions, conflicts are gone, parks and communities are united and twisted into a rope." Wang Dade sighed.

执法派驻，创新双重管理体制。2021年9月，海南琼中黎族苗族自治县红毛镇草南村，一处林地周边人头攒动。在海南热带雨林国家公园管理局黎母山分局指导下，当地执法部门依法对未经林业主管部门批准在国家级公益林下套种的9亩槟榔苗予以全部铲除，及时斩断破坏森林和侵占林地的苗头。

Law enforcement stationed, innovative dual management system. In September 2021, in Caonan Village, Hongmao Town, Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County, Hainan Province, a forest land was crowded with people. Under the guidance of Limushan Branch of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park Administration Bureau, the local law enforcement department shall eradicate all 9 mu of areca seedlings interplanted under the national public welfare forest without the approval of the competent forestry department according to law, so as to cut off the signs of forest destruction and forest land occupation in time.

黎母山分局资源管理科林业技术员陆忠诚说，这得益于管理局增设执法监督处，牵头指导园内综合行政执法工作。各分局所在市县的综合行政执法局，均独立设置国家公园执法大队并派驻各分局，极大提升了执法力度和执法效率，能够有力制止违法行为。

Limushan Branch Resource Management Section Forestry Technician Liu Zhongcheng said, This benefited from the administration added law enforcement supervision office, Lead to guide the park comprehensive administrative law enforcement work. The comprehensive administrative law enforcement bureaus of the cities and counties where each sub-bureau is located independently set up national park law enforcement brigades and send them to each sub-bureau, which greatly improves the strength and efficiency of law enforcement and can effectively stop illegal activities.

以前，海南热带雨林中许多山岭“一岭跨多地”，执法因涉及多个市县，繁琐且复杂。

In the past, many mountains in Hainan tropical rain forest "one ridge across many places", law enforcement involves many cities and counties, cumbersome and complicated.

2021年，海南省人民政府令第302号决定，国家公园内42项林业行政处罚事项，由海南省公安厅森林公安局及其直属分局行使，其他行政执法实行属地综合行政执法，执法监督工作步入正轨。此举开创了公安机关在国家公园范围内行使林业行政处罚权的先例。

In 2021, Order No.302 of the People's Government of Hainan Province decided that 42 forestry administrative penalties in the National Park shall be exercised by the Forest Public Security Bureau of Hainan Provincial Public Security Department and its directly affiliated sub-bureaus, and other administrative law enforcement shall be subject to territorial comprehensive administrative law enforcement, and the law enforcement supervision work is on the right track. This move set a precedent for public security organs to exercise forestry administrative punishment power within the scope of national parks.

近年来，管理局各分局接续组织打击破坏森林资源违法专项行动、清山行动，联合森林公安、驻国家公园执法大队开展护绿专项行动。2022年，海南热带雨林没有发生破坏森林资源等重大案件。

In recent years, the sub-bureaus of the Administration have successively organized special actions to crack down on illegal destruction of forest resources and mountain clearing operations, and jointly carried out special green protection actions with forest public security and law enforcement brigades stationed in national parks. In 2022, there were no major cases such as destruction of forest resources in Hainan tropical rain forest.

左上图为海南长臂猿B群幼猿（2021年5月摄 海南热带雨林国家公园管理局供图）；右上图为海南热带雨林国家公园体制试点区霸王岭自然保护区内的海南长臂猿（2019年10月25日摄 蒲晓旭摄 / 本刊）；左下图为霸王岭自然保护区内的姬蛙（2019年10月26日摄 蒲晓旭摄 / 本刊）；右下图为霸王岭自然保护区内的蛇雕（2019年10月26日摄 蒲晓旭摄 / 本刊）

The upper left picture shows the young ape of Hainan gibbon group B (photographed by Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park Administration in May 2021);The upper right picture shows Hainan gibbon in Bawangling Nature Reserve, Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park System Pilot Area (photographed by Pu Xiaoxu on October 25,2019/this journal);The lower left picture shows the frog in Bawangling Nature Reserve (photographed by Pu Xiaoxu on October 26,2019/this magazine);The lower right picture shows the snake carving in Bawangling Nature Reserve (photographed by Pu Xiaoxu on October 26,2019/this magazine)

退，缝合热带雨林裂痕

Back, sew up the rainforest rift

在海南热带雨林国家公园建设过程中，海南省瞄准人为割裂、人林相争等棘手的历史问题，坚持问题导向、破立并举，不断探索“归还雨林”的新模式。

During the construction of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, Hainan Province aims at the thorny historical problems such as man-made separation and human-forest struggle, adheres to the problem-oriented, breaks and stands simultaneously, and constantly explores the new mode of "returning rainforest".

统一规划，由散到聚连起生态圈。热带雨林是海南重要的水源涵养地，三大江河的发源地以及物种集中分布区，具有很强的系统性、完整性和原真性。试点前，行政区划涉及9个市县的海南热带雨林国家公园，天然雨林呈斑块状分布于20余处自然保护地中。属地不同，管理不一，很容易形成九龙治水局面。

Unified planning, from scattered to gathered to form an ecological circle. Tropical rain forest is an important water conservation area in Hainan, the birthplace of three rivers and the concentrated distribution area of species, with strong systematicness, integrity and authenticity. Before the pilot, the administrative division involved Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park in 9 cities and counties, and the natural rainforest was distributed in more than 20 natural reserves in patches. Different territories, different management, it is easy to form the situation of Jiulong water control.

海南省林业局党组成员、总工程师周亚东说，试点将以往分散管理的自然保护区、风景名胜区、森林公园、地质公园、林场等区域整合在一起，解决了人为割裂、保护空缺等问题，逐步重塑热带雨林生态系统的完整性。

Zhou Yadong, a member of the party group and chief engineer of Hainan Province Forestry Bureau, said that the pilot integrated the previously decentralized nature reserves, scenic spots, forest parks, geoparks, forest farms and other areas together, solved the problems of artificial separation and protection vacancies, and gradually reshaped the integrity of the tropical rainforest ecosystem.

《海南热带雨林国家公园条例（试行）》实施后，海南综合考虑管理强度、管理目标、资源特征差异等，将公园分为核心保护区与一般控制区，并保留若干“天窗社区”。“这样的布局因地制宜、科学精准，防止了‘一刀切’。”鹦哥岭分局局长李大江说。

After the implementation of the Regulations of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park (Trial), Hainan has divided the park into core protection area and general control area, and reserved several "skylight communities" in consideration of management intensity, management objectives and differences in resource characteristics. "This layout is adapted to local conditions, scientific and precise, and prevents 'one size fits all'." Yingge Ridge Branch Director Li Dajiang said.

“海南热带雨林给自然资源上好了‘户口’！”3月17日，海南省新闻办公室举行的发布会上，海南省自然资源和规划厅副厅长程春满激动地宣布。目前，海南热带雨林国家公园自然资源确权登记工作已率先完成登簿，这意味着在明确管理权责、加快保护进程上，海南热带雨林国家公园走在了全国前列。

"The tropical rainforest in Hainan has a good 'hukou' for natural resources!" On March 17, at the press conference held by Hainan Province Information Office, Cheng Chunman, deputy director of Hainan Provincial Department of Natural Resources and Planning, excitedly announced. At present, Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park has taken the lead in completing the registration of natural resources, which means that Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park is in the forefront of the country in clarifying management rights and responsibilities and speeding up the protection process.

创新机制，由争到让探出新方案。从曾经的砍伐工到如今“领着大伙儿护林种树”，海南省吊罗山森林发展有限公司副总经理李业东的角色转变，见证了“由争到让”的历史变迁。

Innovative mechanism, from competition to let explore new solutions. Li Yedong, deputy general manager of Hainan Province Diaoluoshan Forest Development Co., Ltd., has witnessed the historical change of "from struggle to concession" from the former felling worker to "leading the people to protect forest and plant trees".

海南热带雨林国家公园实施的一系列创新举措，推动人和雨林逐步实现和谐共生——

A series of innovative measures implemented by Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park to promote the harmonious coexistence of people and rainforests-

让次生林、灌木林自然演替成天然林。人不上山、火不进山、斧不砍山，热带植被几年便恢复得茂密如初。

so that that secondary forest and the shrubbery are naturally succeed into natural forests. People do not go up the mountain, fire does not enter the mountain, axe does not cut the mountain, tropical vegetation will recover dense as before in a few years.

鼓励“赎买”人工林。海南制定人工林处置方案，完成部分试点区域的调查和评估工作，出具调查报告并通过专家评审。以往广泛种植的桉树、外来林木加勒比松等，不再被开发利用。

Encourage the "redemption" of plantations. Hainan formulated the plantation disposal plan, completed the investigation and evaluation of some pilot areas, issued the investigation report and passed the expert review. Eucalyptus, exotic trees such as Pinus caribaea, which were widely planted in the past, are no longer developed and utilized.

清退整改小水电站。导致水土流失的41个水电项目即将完全清退或整改，“雨林水电”逐步走下历史舞台。

Retreat and rectify small hydropower stations. The 41 hydropower projects that cause soil erosion will be completely retired or rectified, and the "rainforest hydropower" will gradually step down from the historical stage.

用林外国有土地置换林内集体土地。海南将已征收为国有的安置区用地，与雨林中腾出的农村集体土地进行等价置换。置换后，国有土地登记变更为集体土地，集体土地登记变更为国有土地，原土地的使用性质不变。

Replace the collective land in the forest with the state-owned land outside the forest. Hainan will have been expropriated as a state-owned resettlement area land, with the rainforest vacated rural collective land for equivalent replacement. After the replacement, the state-owned land registration is changed to collective land, and the collective land registration is changed to state-owned land, and the use nature of the original land remains unchanged.

如今，李业东当上了海南省吊罗山森林发展有限公司的副总经理，职责之一就是“领着大伙儿去护林种树”。他告诉记者，记忆中童年才看到过的濒危物种小爪水獭，近年来在林子里重新出现了踪迹。

Today, Li Yedong is the deputy general manager of Hainan Province Diaoluoshan Forest Development Co., Ltd. One of his duties is to "lead everyone to protect forests and plant trees". He told reporters that the endangered species of small-clawed otter, which he had seen in his childhood, had reappeared in the woods in recent years.

生态搬迁，由眠到醒腾出新空间。白沙黎族自治县县城附近，层林叠翠下，一幢幢黎族风格小别墅整齐布列在空旷的平地上。住在这里的新高峰村村民，早几年还是“大山深处的居民”。

Ecological relocation, from sleep to wake up to make new space. Near the county seat of Baisha Li Autonomous County, under the layers of forest, Li style villas are neatly arranged on the empty flat ground. The villagers of Xinfeng Village who live here were "residents in the deep mountains" a few years ago.

“没有打不完的猎，没有砍不完的树。在政府的宣传引导下，村民们的生态保护意识逐渐觉醒。”老支书符贵春说。

"There is no endless hunt, no endless tree." Under the guidance of the government's propaganda, the villagers 'awareness of ecological protection gradually awakened." Fu Guichun, the old branch secretary, said.

热带雨林的保护是大面积、整体性的，因此将一些村庄也纳入了国家公园范围。

The protection of tropical rainforests is extensive and holistic, so some villages are included in the national park.

为了保护雨林，为了脱贫致富，为了子孙后代，2020年3月，《海南热带雨林国家公园生态搬迁方案》正式印发，一场大规模生态搬迁在国家公园范围内4个市县实施，涉及核心保护区11个村1885人。

In order to protect the rainforest, get rid of poverty and become rich for future generations, in March 2020, the Ecological Relocation Plan of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park was officially issued. A large-scale ecological relocation was implemented in 4 cities and counties within the scope of the national park, involving 1885 people in 11 villages in the core protection area.

搬迁后，人为破坏行为明显减少，雨林得到休养生息。目前，海南热带雨林国家公园生态搬迁完成度超过99%，将空间让给雨林的诺言即将兑现。

After the relocation, there was a marked reduction in vandalism and the rainforest was rehabilitated. At present, the ecological relocation of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park has been completed by more than 99%, and the promise of giving space to the rainforest is about to be fulfilled.

海南省五指山市水满乡毛纳村村民在茶园采茶（2022年4月10日摄）杨冠宇摄 / 本刊

Villagers from Maona Village, Shuiman Township, Wuzhishan City, Hainan Province pick tea in tea garden (photographed on April 10,2022) Photographed by Yang Guanyu/this magazine

进，锻造绿色防护屏障

Enter, forge green protective barrier

蔚蓝的大海，葱郁的森林，林间若隐若现的海南长臂猿、坡鹿……2022年12月，联合国《生物多样性公约》缔约方大会第十五次会议第二阶段会议举办地，加拿大蒙特利尔中国角的“海南日”边会上，热带雨林和特有物种的亮相让人难以忘怀。这是海南主动作为，打响热带雨林保卫战、锻造绿色防护屏障取得的生态成效。

Blue sea, lush forests, Hainan gibbons and deer in the forest ... In December 2022, at the "Hainan Day" side meeting at China Point, Montreal, Canada, where the second phase of the fifteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity was held, the appearance of tropical rainforests and endemic species was unforgettable. This is the ecological effect achieved by Hainan's initiative to launch the battle to defend the tropical rain forest and forge a green protective barrier.

呵护雨林生灵。海南热带雨林国家公园，是海南长臂猿这种全球最濒危的灵长类动物的唯一栖息地。1980年，霸王岭省级保护区成立时，海南长臂猿仅存7只。

Protect the rainforest. Hainan Rainforest National Park is the only habitat for Hainan gibbons, the world's most endangered primate. In 1980, when Bawangling Provincial Reserve was established, there were only seven gibbons in Hainan.

“我们正在加快打造野生动物生态廊道。”霸王岭分局宣教科普信息中心副主任韩文涛说，“目的就是把一个个生态‘斑块’连通起来，扩充物种扩散的生存空间。”

"We are accelerating the creation of wildlife ecological corridors." "The goal is to connect ecological 'patches' and expand the living space for species diffusion," said Han Wentao, deputy director of the science popularization information center of Bawangling Branch.

由于海南长臂猿基本不下地，工作人员就在分隔的树林之间种上猿食树种，在河流之间搭建索桥。海南长臂猿很快吃上了榕树果、毛荔枝等浆果和坚果。截至2022年4月，海南长臂猿种群数量已增加至5群36只。

Because the Hainan gibbons are basically not on the ground, workers plant ape-eating trees between separate trees and build cable bridges between rivers. Hainan gibbons soon ate berries and nuts such as banyan fruit and hairy litchi. As of April 2022, the population of gibbons in Hainan has increased to 36 in 5 groups.

尖峰岭分局局长洪仁辉介绍，分局与科研院所针对珍稀濒危野生哺乳动物，建立起120个监控布控点及监测样地和390个地栖动物监测样区，开展国家重点保护野生植物种群普查监测与保护关键技术研究。这让一批珍稀濒危动物重新进入了科研人员的视野。

Hong Renhui, director of Jianfengling Branch, introduced that the Branch and scientific research institutes have established 120 monitoring and control points and monitoring sample plots and 390 monitoring sample areas for terrestrial animals for rare and endangered wild mammals, and carried out research on key technologies for general survey, monitoring and protection of national key protected wild plant populations. This has brought a number of rare and endangered animals back into the eyes of researchers.

根据《海南热带雨林国家公园发展报告（2019—2022）》，海南热带雨林国家公园设立以来，至少已发现28个野生动植物新成员，小爪水獭、中华穿山甲等许多昔日销声匿迹的野生动物重返家园。

According to the Development Report of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park (2019-2022), since the establishment of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, at least 28 new members of wild animals and plants have been found, and many wild animals such as small-clawed otter and Chinese pangolin have returned to their homes.

人工增绿补绿。陈阳硕，是毛瑞分局的“林三代”。随着国家公园建设如火如荼，在雨林中长大的陈阳硕接了父亲的班，成为一名林业工作者。“昔日破坏的森林以自然恢复为主。同时，人工增补也提上了日程。”

Artificial green supplement. Chen Yangshuo was the "Third Generation of Lin" of the Mauri Branch. As the construction of the national park was in full swing, Chen Yangshuo, who grew up in the rainforest, took over his father's class and became a forestry worker. "The forests that were destroyed in the past are mainly restored by nature. At the same time, manual supplementation is also on the agenda."

“我们把居民退出来的700多亩土地全部拿来补种树木，这比自然恢复要快很多。”吊罗山分局副局长冯和告诉记者。

"We have used all the more than 700 acres of land that residents have withdrawn to replant trees, which is much faster than natural recovery." Diaoluoshan branch deputy director Feng He told reporters.

近年来，海南省林业科学研究院会同全国各地专家，在严格防控外来入侵物种、守好雨林“大门”的同时，以补种珍贵乡土树种的方式人工促进受干扰天然次生林和退化自然湿地的修复。

In recent years, Hainan Province Academy of Forestry, together with experts from all over the country, has been strictly preventing and controlling invasive alien species and guarding the "gate" of rainforest, while artificially promoting the restoration of disturbed natural secondary forests and degraded natural wetlands by means of replanting precious native tree species.

海南省林业科学研究院林业高级工程师彭文成，带领团队探索出采用人工干预措施进行“近自然”改造修复的模式，国家公园内120多万亩人工林正走向“近自然”。位于尖峰岭国家公园保障性苗圃基地，20亩土地上培育了30万株补种树种，向国家公园生态修复项目供应。

Peng Wencheng, senior forestry engineer of Hainan Province Academy of Forestry Sciences, led the team to explore the mode of "near-natural" reconstruction and restoration by artificial intervention measures. More than 1.2 million mu of plantation in the national park is moving towards "near-natural". Located in the supportable nursery base of Jianfengling National Park, 300,000 supplementary tree species have been cultivated on 20 mu of land to supply to the ecological restoration project of the national park.

披上智慧外衣。每天清晨巡山前，黎母山分局护林员韦宝权都要将手机上的GPS定位打开，通过“雨林巡护系统”记录自己的巡护路线和区域。“过去巡查靠眼睛，卡口靠人守。现在有了‘千里眼’‘顺风耳’和‘天罗地网’，管护更加精准有效。”他说。

Put on the cloak of wisdom. Every morning before patrolling the mountain, Wei Baoquan, a forest ranger of Limushan Branch, will turn on the GPS positioning on his mobile phone and record his patrol route and area through the "Rainforest Patrol System". "In the past, patrol relied on eyes, and bayonet relied on people to guard. Now with 'thousand-mile eyes',' wind-following ears 'and' inescapable network', management and protection are more accurate and effective." he said.

在“智慧雨林”平台监控中心大屏幕上，树上“荡秋千”的海南长臂猿、护林员的巡护路径清晰可见。“智慧雨林”项目2021年启动建设以来，由卡口监控相机、振动光纤、振动传感器以及红外线热感应触发相机组成的“电子围栏”已在多个片区开展建设，逐渐实现对进入监控区域内的人、车、动物24小时监测。

On the large screen of the monitoring center of "Smart Rainforest" platform, the patrol path of Hainan gibbons and forest rangers "swinging" on trees is clearly visible. Since the "Smart Rainforest" project was started in 2021, the "electronic fence" consisting of bayonet monitoring camera, vibration optical fiber, vibration sensor and infrared thermal induction trigger camera has been constructed in several areas, gradually realizing 24-hour monitoring of people, vehicles and animals entering the monitoring area.

尖峰岭的自动光纤、黎母山的雷达、吊罗山的红外相机、鹦哥岭的卫星监控、霸王岭的声学监测系统……海南不断加大科技投入，持续多年对热带雨林开展环境智能化监测、热带雨林碳汇研究，为雨林管护、研究工作披上一件“智慧外衣”。

The automatic optical fiber of Jianfengling, the radar of Limushan Mountain, the infrared camera of Diaoluo Mountain, the satellite monitoring of Yingge Ridge, the acoustic monitoring system of Bawangling ... Hainan has continuously increased the investment in science and technology, carried out environmental intelligent monitoring and carbon sink research on tropical rainforest for many years, and put on a "smart coat" for the management, protection and research of rain forest.

海南热带雨林锻造绿色防护屏障，正成为一只托起生物多样性的方舟。

Hainan tropical rain forest forging green protective barrier, is becoming an ark holding up biodiversity.

海南热带雨林国家公园尖峰岭片区风光（2020年9月4日摄） 蒲晓旭摄 / 本刊

Scenery of Jianfengling Area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park (photographed on September 4,2020) Photographed by Pu Xiaoxu/This Journal

融，找寻共生共存之路

Find a way to coexist

保护与发展，不是非此即彼的选择题。海南热带雨林国家公园通过大胆创新，持续探索独具特色的生态文明绿色发展之路。

Protection and development are not an either-or choice. Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park continues to explore the unique green development road of ecological civilization through bold innovation.

换思路，拓展绿色发展空间。2021年9月，海南率先发布热带雨林国家公园生态系统生产总值（GEP）核算成果：2019年为2045.13亿元。

Change ideas and expand green development space. In September 2021, Hainan took the lead in releasing the accounting results of gross ecosystem product (GEP) of Tropical Rainforest National Park:In 2019, it was CNY 204.513 billion.

“对于热带雨林，保护是第一位的。但保护不是机械式的，生态产业化之路已经进入探索阶段。”王楠说。

"For the rainforest, conservation comes first. However, protection is not mechanical, and the road to ecological industrialization has entered the exploration stage." Wang Nan said.

吊罗山景区入口，有一排看上去略显老旧的民宿。推开房门，展现在眼前的却是都市风格的装潢。老板黄月来说，“生态更好了，游客更多了。”

At the entrance of Diaoluo Mountain Scenic Spot, there is a row of old-looking residential accommodation. Pushing open the door, what appeared in front of him was a city-style decoration. Huang Yue, the boss, said,"The ecology is better, more tourists."

不搞大拆大建、不污染水土、不损毁树木花草，黄月来把原来的老厂房改造成住房；把垃圾全部打包运走，严格执行排污三级标准；把每一株绿植当成自家的宝贝，精心呵护……他的民宿成了游客眼中的“绿色家园”。

Do not carry out large-scale demolition and construction, do not pollute water and soil, do not damage trees and flowers, Huang Yuelai will transform the original old factory buildings into housing;All the garbage shall be packed and transported away, and the third-level standard for sewage discharge shall be strictly implemented;Take each green plant as his own treasure, carefully care ... His homestay has become the "green home" in the eyes of tourists.

海南热带雨林国家公园建设以来，曾经的“雨林居民”生产方式发生了巨变，生活方式也随之更新，发展“绿经济”不再是一个新鲜话题。

Since the construction of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, the production mode of the former "rainforest residents" has undergone great changes, and the life style has also been updated accordingly. The development of "green economy" is no longer a new topic.

谋转化，挖掘生态资源价值。作为海南首批生态搬迁的村民，白沙新高峰村的移民离乡不失地。他们可以进城镇、进产业园区、进旅游景点就业，从以前割胶的单一收入，变为从事橡胶、绿茶、食用菌种植以及务工、庭院经济、生态旅游业的多元化收入，与搬迁前相比，收入翻了数倍，尝到了生态红利的甜头。

The Group is committed to the sustainable development of the environment. As the first batch of ecological relocation villagers in Hainan, the migrants from Baisha Xinfeng Village left their hometown. They can enter cities and towns, industrial parks and tourist attractions for employment. From the single income of rubber cutting in the past, they can become diversified income engaged in rubber, green tea, edible fungi planting and working, courtyard economy and eco-tourism. Compared with before relocation, their income has increased several times and tasted the sweet of ecological dividend.

如今，海南热带雨林生态价值的“辐射”效应越来越明显。国家公园周边，建起了一个个美丽乡村、生态小镇，文旅、康养、休闲等产业方兴未艾。“国家公园”四个字，成了各个片区的“烫金招牌”。

Nowadays, the "radiation" effect of ecological value of tropical rain forest in Hainan is more and more obvious. Around the national park, beautiful villages and ecological towns have been built, and industries such as culture and tourism, health care and leisure are in the ascendant. The four words "National Park" have become the "hot stamping signboard" of each district.

今年年初，《海南热带雨林国家公园生态旅游专项规划（2022—2030年）》通过专家评审。按规划，海南热带雨林国家公园将打造5大产品体系、200多个生态旅游产品。“我们正在认真谋划国家公园生态旅游、森林康养等新业态，国家公园建设将与周边游憩市场实现‘合作共赢’。”海南省林业局党组成员、副局长高述超信心满满。

At the beginning of this year, the Special Plan for Ecotourism of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park (2022-2030) passed the expert review. According to the plan, Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park will build 5 product systems and more than 200 ecotourism products. "We are seriously planning new business forms such as national park ecotourism and forest health care. The construction of national park will realize 'win-win cooperation' with the surrounding recreation market." Gao Shuchao, member of the party group and deputy director of Hainan Province Forestry Bureau, is full of confidence.

传理念，培育国家公园文化。“现在，在片区看到一棵树倒了，都感觉自己成了罪人。”李业东说，“护林员们已经养成了‘国家公园’思考方式。”

Spread ideas and cultivate national park culture. "Now, when you see a tree fall in the area, you feel like a sinner." "Forest rangers have developed a 'national park' way of thinking," Li said.

海南热带雨林国家公园的保护和建设，需要一代又一代人的传承。近年来，通过科普宣教，海南将国家公园内外的居民都拉进了“生态保护大家庭”。

The protection and construction of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park needs to be inherited from generation to generation. In recent years, through popular science education, Hainan has drawn residents inside and outside the national park into the "ecological protection family".

位于海南白沙的鹦哥岭动植物博物馆里，禽、兽、植物、真菌类等多种热带雨林生物的展品陈列得整整齐齐，各色标本栩栩如生。“这座博物馆，是大众认识海南热带雨林的一扇橱窗，希望大家自觉参与到热带雨林的保护中来，在孩子们心中种下一个‘绿色梦’。”鹦哥岭分局生态保护科科员刘季介绍说。

In the Yinggeling Museum of Animals and Plants in Baisha, Hainan Province, exhibits of birds, animals, plants, fungi and other tropical rainforest creatures are neatly displayed, and specimens of various colors are lifelike. "This museum is a window for the public to understand the tropical rainforest in Hainan. I hope everyone will consciously participate in the protection of the tropical rainforest and plant a 'green dream' in the hearts of children." Yinggeling branch ecological protection section member Liu Ji said.

2020年9月，海南省10所学校挂牌成为第一批海南热带雨林国家公园自然教育学校，目前已策划多场自然科普教育进校园活动，环保志愿者、自然体验导师针对不同年龄段的青少年研发、讲解课程。

In September 2020,10 schools in Hainan Province were listed as the first batch of natural education schools in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park. At present, several activities of natural science popularization education have been planned. Environmental protection volunteers and natural experience tutors have developed and explained courses for teenagers of different ages.

唱好雨林和谐之歌，寻找万物共生密码。沿着习近平总书记指引的方向，海南省不断探寻绿色发展的“雨林方案”。生机勃勃的海南热带雨林国家公园，正在人与自然的和谐共生中续写新的秘境故事。

Sing the song of rainforest harmony and look for the symbiosis code of all things. Along the direction guided by General Secretary Xi Jinping, Hainan Province constantly explores the "Rainforest Plan" for green development. The vibrant Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park is continuing to write a new secret story in the harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

刊于《瞭望》2023年第15期

Published in Outlook No.15,2023