我国制造业布局进一步优化 区域协同显著增强
The layout of Chinese manufacturing industry has been further optimized and regional synergy has been enhanced significantly
制造业是立国之本、强国之基。“十四五”规划纲要提出，优化区域产业链布局，引导产业链关键环节留在国内，强化中西部和东北地区承接产业转移能力建设。日前，工信部、国家发改委等10部门联合印发《关于促进制造业有序转移的指导意见》（以下简称《意见》），明晰了制造业转移和承接的重点产业和模式路径，并提出到2025年，制造业布局进一步优化、区域协同显著增强的发展目标。
Manufacturing is the foundation for building a country and strengthening it. According to the outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan, we will improve the distribution of regional industrial chains, guide key links of industrial chains to stay at home, and strengthen the capacity of the central and western regions and Northeast China to undertake industrial relocation. A few days ago, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission and other 10 departments jointly issued the "Guidance on Promoting the orderly transfer of manufacturing industry" (hereinafter referred to as the "Opinions"), clear the key industries and mode path of the transfer and undertake of the manufacturing industry, and put forward the development goal of further optimization of the layout of the manufacturing industry and significantly enhanced regional coordination by 2025.
为何要促进制造业有序转移？怎样把握转移和承接的重点方向？针对这些问题，记者采访了相关专家。
Why promote the orderly transfer of manufacturing? How to grasp the key direction of transfer and undertaking? For these problems, the reporter interviewed the relevant experts.
为何促进有序转移？
Why promote orderly transfer?
拓展制造业空间、增强产业链供应链韧性、促进区域协调发展
We will expand the space for manufacturing, strengthen the resilience of industrial and supply chains, and promote balanced development among regions
按照《意见》，促进制造业有序转移，要促进资源要素有序流动，引导产业合理有序转移，维护产业链供应链完整性，促进形成区域合理分工、联动发展的制造业发展格局。
According to the Opinions, to promote the orderly transfer of the manufacturing industry, it is necessary to promote the orderly flow of resources and factors, guide the rational and orderly transfer of industries, maintain the integrity of the industrial chain and supply chain, and promote the formation of a development pattern of the manufacturing industry with reasonable regional division of labor and interconnected development.
那么，为何要在当前提出推动制造业有序转移？
So, why is it necessary to promote the orderly transfer of manufacturing industry at present?
拓展制造业发展新空间。“长期以来，我国区域发展不平衡不协调矛盾显现，产业发展的战略纵深优势尚未充分发挥。产业有序转移不仅能带动后发地区发展，也能拓展发达地区腹地。”中国宏观经济研究院产业所工业室主任付保宗说。
We will expand new space for the development of manufacturing. "For a long time, unbalanced and uncoordinated regional development has appeared, and the strategic advantage of industrial development has not yet been fully brought into play. The orderly transfer of industries will not only boost the development of latecomer regions, but also expand the hinterland of developed regions." China Academy of Macroeconomic Research industry Office director Fu Baozong said.
增强产业链供应链韧性。国家工业信息安全发展研究中心副主任蒋艳提出，当前全球产业链供应链加速重构，我国产业体系完整性和产业链安全稳定面临较大挑战，“推动产业转移，就是要激发各地产业优势，保障产业链安全稳定。”
Make industrial and supply chains more resilient. Jiang Yan, deputy director of the National Industrial Information Security Development and Research Center, pointed out that currently the global industrial chain supply chain is accelerating reconstruction, and the integrity of China's industrial system and the security and stability of the industrial chain are facing great challenges. "To promote industrial transfer is to stimulate industrial advantages in various regions and ensure the security and stability of the industrial chain."
更好促进区域协调发展。“近年来，我国区域间仍存在产业同质、资源利用低效等问题，东中西部地区人均GDP差距较大，公共服务发展不均衡。”在蒋艳看来，推动制造业有序转移，有利于引导各地区发挥比较优势，促进协调发展。
We will better promote balanced development among regions. "In recent years, problems such as industrial homogeneity and inefficient use of resources still exist between regions in China. There is a large gap between the per capita GDP of the eastern and western regions, and the development of public services is uneven." In Jiang Yan's view, promoting the orderly transfer of manufacturing will help guide regions to give full play to their comparative advantages and promote coordinated development.
付保宗分析，对东部地区而言，一些传统产业外迁可以释放土地等要素空间，为引进培育高技术制造业提供支撑，通过“腾笼换鸟”实现转型升级。对中西部和东北地区来说，积极承接产业转移，能够充分发挥低成本劳动力和充沛能源资源等优势，助推经济增长。“通过制造业有序转移，实现东中西协同互动，有望形成发展的乘数效应。”
Fu Baozong analyzed that for the eastern region, the relocation of some traditional industries can release the space of land and other factors, provide support for the introduction and cultivation of high-tech manufacturing, and realize transformation and upgrading through "freeing the cage and changing the bird". For the central and western regions and northeast China, to actively undertake industrial relocation can give full play to their advantages of low-cost labor and abundant energy resources to boost economic growth. "Through the orderly transfer of manufacturing, the synergistic interaction between East and West is expected to form a multiplier effect of development."
有序转移进展如何？
How is the orderly transfer progressing?
地区间发展差距进一步缩小，从产业和区域维度引导方向
The development gap between regions will be further narrowed, and the direction will be taken from the industrial and regional dimensions
近年来，随着区域间产业转移深入推进，中西部地区工业增加值占比不断提高，地区间发展差距进一步缩小。数据显示，2001年—2020年，中西部地区的工业增加值占比从31.58%增加到41.54%。
In recent years, with the deepening of inter-regional industrial transfer, the proportion of industrial added value in the central and western regions has been increasing, and the inter-regional development gap has been further narrowed. Statistics show that from 2001 to 2020, the proportion of industrial added value in the central and western regions increased from 31.58 percent to 41.54 percent.
“产业转移不断取得新进展的同时，也呈现出三大特征。”蒋艳介绍，从区域看，东部地区向中西部产业转移逐渐趋缓，中部地区成为承接产业转移的主力军；从行业看，钢铁、有色、石油等原材料行业向西部地区转移明显，装备制造等行业仍向东部聚集；从外资看，制造业利用外资总体呈现向中西部转移趋势，但转移幅度不大。
"While industrial transfer continues to make new progress, it also shows three characteristics." Jiang Yan introduced that from the regional perspective, the industrial transfer from the eastern region to the central and western regions gradually slowed down, and the central region became the main force to undertake the industrial transfer; In terms of industries, raw material industries such as iron and steel, non-ferrous metals and petroleum have moved to the western region, while equipment manufacturing and other industries are still clustered in the east. From the perspective of foreign capital, the utilization of foreign capital in manufacturing industry shows a trend of transferring to the central and western regions, but the transfer range is not large.
《意见》聚焦产业和区域两大维度，明确产业转移和承接的方向，通过加强在关键领域和环节的政策引导，进一步推动制造业有序转移。
The Opinions focus on the two major dimensions of industry and region, clarify the direction of industrial transfer and undertaking, and further promote the orderly transfer of manufacturing industry by strengthening policy guidance in key areas and links.
从产业维度看，结合不同产业的特性和发展阶段，引导他们分别向满足其发展条件的地区转移。如劳动密集型产业重点向中西部劳动力丰富、区位交通便利地区转移；技术密集型产业向中西部和东北地区中心城市、省域副中心城市等创新要素丰富、产业基础雄厚地区转移。
From the perspective of industry, combined with the characteristics and development stages of different industries, guide them to transfer to the areas that meet their development conditions. For example, labor-intensive industries focus on the central and western regions with abundant labor force and convenient transportation; Technology-intensive industries are moving to central cities and sub-central cities in central and western China and Northeast China, which are rich in innovation factors and have a solid industrial foundation.
从区域维度看，引导各地统筹资源环境、要素禀赋、产业发展基础、能耗双控和碳达峰碳中和目标，差异化承接产业转移。如，鼓励欠发达地区、革命老区、边境地区等特殊类型地区承接发展特色产业；推动中心城市和城市群因地制宜建设先进制造业基地、商贸物流中心和区域专业服务中心。
From the regional perspective, we will guide all localities to take into account the resources and environment, factor endowment, industrial development basis, dual control of energy consumption, and the goal of achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality, and undertake industrial transfer in a differentiated manner. For example, we will encourage underdeveloped areas, old revolutionary base areas, border areas and other special types of areas to develop industries with their own characteristics. We will promote the development of advanced manufacturing bases, trade and logistics centers and regional professional service centers in central cities and city clusters in light of local conditions.
怎样推动有序转移？
How to promote orderly transfer?
用好三种转移模式，增强产业承接能力
Make good use of the three transfer modes to enhance the ability of the industry to undertake.
怎样更好推动制造业有序转移？《意见》提出产业链供应链上下游对接合作、区域间产业转移合作、科技成果跨区域转移合作等3种模式。这3种模式在各地的产业转移实践中已卓有成效。
How to better promote the orderly transfer of manufacturing? The Opinions put forward three models: upstream and downstream cooperation in industrial chain and supply chain, inter-regional cooperation in industrial transfer, and inter-regional cooperation in the transfer of scientific and technological achievements. These three modes have been effective in the practice of industrial transfer in various places.
在产业链供应链对接合作上，重庆市通过发挥龙头企业的辐射带动作用，在承接产业转移过程中，着力构建研发、制造、服务一体化的产业链体系，形成了电子信息、汽车制造等完整产业链。
In the connection and cooperation of industrial chain and supply chain, Chongqing, by giving full play to the radiating and driving role of leading enterprises, focuses on building an industrial chain system integrating research and development, manufacturing and service in the process of undertaking industrial transfer, forming a complete industrial chain such as electronic information and automobile manufacturing.
以汽车产业为例，重庆市经信委有关负责人介绍，通过承接福特整车产能转移，带动知名汽车配套企业落地的同时，助力本地企业进入配套体系；再通过提升配套能力促进多家本地民营企业进入汽车行业，从而承接更多整车厂商产能，形成“滚雪球”效应。“目前，全市整车企业已达21家，零部件企业超过1000家，70%以上零部件实现本地配套。”
Taking the automobile industry as an example, the relevant person in charge of Chongqing Economic and Information Technology Commission introduced that, by undertaking the transfer of Ford vehicle production capacity, the well-known automobile supporting enterprises would be driven to land, and local enterprises would be helped to enter the supporting system. Then, by improving supporting capacity, a number of local private enterprises are promoted to enter the automobile industry, so as to undertake more capacity of vehicle manufacturers, forming a "snowball" effect. "At present, there are 21 vehicle enterprises and more than 1,000 parts enterprises in the city, and more than 70 percent of the parts are supported locally."
在区域间产业转移合作方面，安徽省建设了苏皖合作示范区等一批省际产业合作园区，以共建园区作为产业承接载体，培育壮大产业集群。“江淮蔚来先进制造基地年产能12万台。”蔚来联合创始人秦力洪说，今年上半年完成整体升级后，将达到24万台整车及零部件年产能。此外，在新桥智能电动汽车产业园区的第二生产基地也将于今年三季度正式投入量产。
In terms of inter-regional industrial transfer cooperation, Anhui Province has built a number of inter-provincial industrial cooperation parks, such as the Jiangsu and Anhui Cooperation Demonstration Zone, and cultivated and expanded industrial clusters by co-construction parks as the carrier of industrial undertaking. "" The annual capacity of Jianghuai Nextev advanced manufacturing base is 120,000 units. Qin Lihong, co-founder of Nio, said it will have an annual capacity of 240,000 vehicles and parts when the overall upgrade is completed in the first half of this year. In addition, the second production base in Xinqiao Intelligent electric Vehicle Industrial Park will be officially put into mass production in the third quarter of this year.
“有序转移，重在承接。”蒋艳说，近年来，一些中西部地区在产业基础、硬件设施、服务水平等方面进步明显，一批科技含量高、带动效应强的项目纷纷落地，为中西部产业转型发展注入强劲动力。“相对东部地区，中西部地区在物流成本、人才、融资等生产要素方面优势较弱，城市群内部产业协同能力较弱，应在优化营商环境上持续发力，通过培育节点城市增强产业配套能力，不断提升企业投资意愿。”
"Orderly transfer, focus on undertaking." Jiang Yan said that in recent years, some central and western regions have made remarkable progress in industrial foundation, hardware facilities and service level, and a number of high-tech projects with strong driving effect have been implemented, injecting strong impetus into the industrial transformation and development of the central and western regions. "Compared with the eastern region, the central and western regions have weak advantages in terms of production factors such as logistics costs, talents and financing, and the industrial coordination ability within urban agglomerations is weak. We should make continuous efforts to optimize the business environment, enhance the industrial supporting capacity through the cultivation of node cities, and constantly enhance the investment willingness of enterprises."
有序转移不是“齐步走”。付保宗提出，各地要充分考虑自身区位条件和资源禀赋，在选择产业承接重点方面有取有舍、扬长避短，才能将潜在优势转化为产业优势。
Orderly transfer is not "marching in unison". Fu Baozong proposed that each region should take full account of its location conditions and resource endowment, have some takeoffs in choosing the key industries to undertake, develop strengths and avoid weaknesses, so as to transform potential advantages into industrial advantages.
工信部有关负责人表示，下一步将联合有关部门加强示范推广和服务，适时修订产业发展与转移指导目录，引导金融机构创新支持产业转移合作的金融产品，完善产业转移工作的各项配套措施。
The responsible person of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said that the next step will be to strengthen the demonstration and promotion of services together with relevant departments, timely revision of industrial development and transfer guidance catalog, guide financial institutions to innovate financial products to support industrial transfer cooperation, improve the supporting measures of industrial transfer work.
《 人民日报 》（ 2022年03月25日 02 版）
"People's Daily" (02 edition, March 25, 2022)
