更好释放数据要素潜能

Better release the potential of data elements

数据是新型生产要素，须从数据产权、流通交易、安全治理等方面入手构建数据基础制度体系，进一步释放我国数字经济红利

Data is a new factor of production. It is necessary to construct a data base system from the aspects of data property rights, circulation, trading and security governance to further release the dividend of our digital economy

近日，深圳数据交易所正式挂牌成立。去年至今，北京、上海、广州等地陆续有数据交易机构设立，在促进我国数据要素市场快速增长方面发挥重要作用。

Recently, Shenzhen Data Exchange was officially established. Since last year, data trading institutions have been established in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other places, playing an important role in promoting the rapid growth of Chinese data factor market.

数据是新型生产要素。在数字经济时代，庞大、复杂的经济活动所产生的海量数据，蕴藏着巨大价值。数据早已和其他生产要素一起，融入经济价值的创造过程中，对生产力发展产生了广泛影响。预计到2025年，我国产生的数据总量将达到48.6ZB（1个ZB约等于10万亿亿字节），约占全球的27.8%。如果将庞大的数据资源转化为生产要素，赋能实体经济，必将为经济社会高质量发展注入澎湃动能。

Data is the new factor of production. In the age of digital economy, the massive data generated by the huge and complex economic activities are of great value. Together with other factors of production, data has been integrated into the process of creating economic value, which has a wide impact on the development of productivity. It is expected that by 2025, the total amount of data generated in China will reach 48.6 ZBS (one ZB is approximately equal to 10 trillion gigabytes), accounting for 27.8% of the world. If huge data resources can be converted into factors of production to energize the real economy, it will surely inject surging momentum into high-quality economic and social development.

“十四五”规划纲要提出，建立健全数据要素市场规则。近年来，我国出台了《中共中央国务院关于构建更加完善的要素市场化配置体制机制的意见》《“十四五”大数据产业发展规划》等文件，制定了数据安全法、个人信息保护法等法律，目的是进一步释放数据要素潜能，积极推进数据要素市场化。但也要看到，相比于数据规模的迅猛扩张和应用场景的不断创新，我国数据制度体系仍然存在短板，须进一步加强顶层制度设计，从数据产权、流通交易、收益分配、安全治理等方面入手构建数据基础制度体系，促进数据高效流通使用。

The Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan proposes to establish and improve market rules for data factors. In recent years, China has issued documents such as the Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and The State Council on Building a more complete System and Mechanism for the Market-oriented Allocation of Factors, the 14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of the Big Data Industry, and enacted laws such as the Data Security Law and the Personal Information Protection Law, with the aim of further unlocking the potential of data factors and actively promoting the marketization of data factors. However, compared with the rapid expansion of data scale and the continuous innovation of application scenarios, there are still shortcomings in our data system. It is necessary to further strengthen the top-level system design, and construct the basic data system from the aspects of data property rights, circulation transactions, income distribution, security governance, etc., to promote the efficient circulation and use of data.

要加快建立数据要素产权制度。明确数据产权归属、建立数据产权制度，是推进数据要素市场化的重要前提。要完成一笔数据交易，首先要为数据确权。区别于传统要素，数据具有可复制性、非排他性等特点，在同一数据上可能承载多方主体的数据权利，这为数据确权带来挑战。要尽快分类分级推进公共数据、企业数据、个人数据确权授权使用，建立数据资源持有权、数据加工使用权、数据产品经营权等分置的产权运行机制，健全数据要素权益保护制度等，使数据确权更精准，数据流动更通畅。

We will accelerate the establishment of a property rights system for data elements. Clarifying the ownership of data property rights and establishing a data property rights system are important prerequisites for promoting the marketization of data elements. To complete a data transaction, you must first assign rights to the data. Different from traditional elements, data has the characteristics of replicability and non-exclusivity, which may carry the data rights of multiple subjects on the same data, which brings challenges to data rights confirmation. It is necessary to advance the confirmation and authorization of the use of public data, enterprise data, and personal data by classification and classification as soon as possible, establish a separate property rights operation mechanism for data resource holding rights, data processing rights, and data product management rights, and improve the protection system for the rights and interests of data elements, so as to make data rights confirmation more accurate and data flow more smooth.

要加快建立数据要素流通和交易制度。只有推动数据要素流通起来、能够进行交易，才能更好地发挥市场的价格发现功能，使数据要素向“资产”乃至“资本”转变。这需要完善数据全流程合规和监管规则体系，建设规范的数据交易市场，激励更多主体参与数据要素市场。近期，通过对某科技企业持有的数据资产进行评估，北京银行城市副中心分行成功发放了1000万元数据资产质押融资贷款，这一创新举措正是探索数据资产定价机制的良好实践。做好数据流通交易这篇大文章，建立规范、科学、安全的市场规则，将进一步促进数据资源高效配置。

We should speed up the establishment of a system for the circulation and trading of data elements. Only by promoting the circulation and trading of data elements can the price discovery function of the market be better played and the data elements be transformed into "assets" and even "capital". This requires improving the compliance and regulatory rules system for the whole data process, building a standardized data trading market, and encouraging more players to participate in the data factor market. Recently, through the evaluation of the data assets held by a technology enterprise, the City Sub-central Branch of the Bank of Beijing successfully issued 10 million yuan of data asset pledge financing loan. This innovative measure is a good practice to explore the pricing mechanism of data assets. Doing a good job in data circulation and trading and establishing normative, scientific and safe market rules will further promote efficient allocation of data resources.

同时，还要加快完善数据安全治理制度，破解制约数据要素市场化的难题。应建立健全数据安全治理体系，提高数据安全保障能力。维护国家数据安全，保护个人信息和商业秘密，把安全贯穿数据治理全过程，守住安全底线，明确监管红线，把必须管住的坚决管到位。此外，还要压实企业数据安全责任，促进政府、企业等携手筑牢数字安全屏障。

At the same time, it is necessary to speed up the improvement of the data security governance system and solve the problems that restrict the marketization of data elements. It is necessary to establish and improve the data security governance system and improve the data security guarantee ability. We will safeguard national data security, protect personal information and trade secrets, and ensure that security runs through the whole process of data management. We will maintain the bottom line of security, make clear the red line of supervision, and resolutely supervise those that must be controlled. In addition, we need to strengthen the responsibility of enterprises for data security and encourage the government and enterprises to jointly build a digital security barrier.

我国数字经济规模已经连续多年位居世界第二，数据为数字经济发展提供了重要驱动力。数据要素市场对土地、劳动力、资本、技术等要素市场发挥了重要的驱动作用。下一步，在提高数据产品数量和质量的同时，要统筹数据开发利用、隐私保护和公共安全，加快建立数据资源产权、交易流通、跨境传输和安全保护等基础制度和标准规范，让数据要素充分参与市场配置，释放数字经济红利。

China's digital economy scale has been the second largest in the world for many years, and data provide an important driving force for the development of digital economy. Data factor market plays an important driving role in land, labor, capital, technology and other factor markets. Going forward, while improving the quantity and quality of data products, we need to coordinate the development and utilization of data, privacy protection and public security, and accelerate the establishment of basic systems, standards and norms for data resource property rights, trading and circulation, cross-border transmission and security protection, so that data elements can fully participate in market allocation and release the dividends of the digital economy.