《爱丽舍条约》签署60年 法德“发动机”运转如何

How does the French-German "engine" work 60 years after the signing of the Elysee Treaty

新华社巴黎1月22日电 （国际观察）《爱丽舍条约》签署60年　法德“发动机”运转如何

Xinhua Agency, Paris, January 22 (International observation) How is the Franco-German "engine" running 60 years after the signing of the Elysee Treaty

新华社记者 唐霁

Xinhua Agency reporter Tang Ji

法国总统马克龙和德国总理朔尔茨22日在巴黎共同出席《爱丽舍条约》签署60周年纪念活动，并主持召开法德联合内阁会议，讨论了两国合作、欧洲战略自主和欧洲一体化等问题。

French President Marcon and German Prime Minister Schultz jointly attended the commemoration of the 60th anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Elysee in Paris on the 22nd, and hosted a joint cabinet meeting between France and Germany to discuss issues such as bilateral cooperation, European strategic autonomy and European integration.

《爱丽舍条约》是奠定法德成为欧洲一体化“发动机”基础的文件。分析人士认为，两国希望借该条约签署60周年之机重启“发动机”，但双方在包括欧洲防御在内的多个问题上仍存分歧。要继续推进欧洲一体化、实现一个强大的欧洲，法德有必要设法弥合分歧，加强团结。

The Elysee Treaty is a document that lays the foundation for France and Germany to become the "engine" of European integration. Analysts believe that the two countries hope to take the opportunity of the 60th anniversary of the signing of the Treaty to restart the "engine", but the two sides still have differences on many issues, including European defense. To continue to promote European integration and achieve a strong Europe, France and Germany need to try to bridge differences and strengthen unity.

重启“发动机”

Restart the engine

法德两国领导人22日率领内阁成员和议会代表，上午在位于巴黎的索邦大学参加《爱丽舍条约》签署60周年纪念活动，下午在法国总统府爱丽舍宫举行两国联合内阁会议。

The leaders of France and Germany led cabinet members and parliamentary representatives on the 22nd to participate in the commemoration of the 60th anniversary of the signing of the Elysee Treaty at the Sorbonne University in Paris in the morning, and held a joint cabinet meeting of the two countries at the Elysee Palace in the French presidential palace in the afternoon.

《爱丽舍条约》是法德两国领导人1963年在爱丽舍宫签订的法德合作条约。条约成为法德二战后全面和解的象征，规定了两国交流机制和框架结构，为欧洲一体化“法德轴心”的建立奠定了基础。

The Elysee Treaty is a Franco-German cooperation treaty signed by the leaders of France and Germany at the Elysee Palace in 1963. The treaty became a symbol of comprehensive reconciliation between France and Germany after the Second World War, stipulating the exchange mechanism and framework of the two countries, and laying the foundation for the establishment of the "Franco-German axis" of European integration.

1月22日，法国总统马克龙（右）和德国总理朔尔茨抵达位于巴黎的索邦大学，准备出席《爱丽舍条约》签署60周年纪念活动。新华社发（朱利安·马蒂亚摄）

On January 22, French President Marcon (right) and German Prime Minister Schultz arrived at Sorbonne University in Paris to attend the 60th anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Elysee. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Julian Mattia)

在22日的纪念仪式上，法德领导人均强调要加强法德“发动机”。马克龙将法德描绘成“一个胸膛里的两个灵魂”，并表示两国“曾经开辟了和解之路，因此必须成为‘重塑’欧洲的先锋”。朔尔茨说，法德作为“欧洲一体化的发动机”能够超越双方的分歧，法德“发动机”只有“将争论转化为共同行动”才能发挥作用。

At the memorial ceremony on the 22nd, French and German leaders stressed the need to strengthen the "engine" of France and Germany. Makron described France and Germany as "two souls in one chest", and said that the two countries "once opened the way of reconciliation, so they must become the pioneer of 'reshaping' Europe". Schultz said that France and Germany, as the "engine of European integration", can transcend the differences between the two sides, and the "engine" of France and Germany can only play its role by "transforming disputes into common actions".

根据联合内阁会议后发表的声明，法德两国将为实现真正的欧盟主权而加强在各领域的合作，包括发展强有力的欧洲外交和安全政策，打造坚实的工业、技术和数字政策，保障能源安全等。

According to the statement issued after the joint cabinet meeting, France and Germany will strengthen cooperation in various fields to achieve true EU sovereignty, including developing a strong European foreign and security policy, building a solid industrial, technological and digital policy, and ensuring energy security.

本次会议的一大成果是双方就共同应对美国《通胀削减法案》达成共识。该法案以高额补贴等措施推动电动汽车和其他绿色技术在美国的生产和应用，欧洲方面认为这将使欧洲企业处于不利地位。马克龙在会后举行的联合记者会上说，两国已经明确了一条“共同路线”，支持欧盟对美国巨额补贴做出“雄心勃勃和迅速”的反应。

One of the major achievements of this meeting is that the two sides reached a consensus on jointly addressing the US Inflation Reduction Act. The bill promotes the production and application of electric vehicles and other green technologies in the United States with high subsidies and other measures, which the European side believes will put European enterprises at a disadvantage. At the joint press conference held after the meeting, Makron said that the two countries had identified a "common path" to support the EU's "ambitious and rapid" response to the huge US subsidies.

此次会议的另一个重要进展，是法德两国同意在欧洲大陆大规模发展氢能的生产和运输，特别是帮助氢能大部分需要进口的德国。根据联合声明，西班牙巴塞罗那和法国马赛之间的氢气运输管道H2Med将被延伸到德国。

Another important progress of the meeting was that France and Germany agreed to develop the production and transportation of hydrogen energy on a large scale in the European continent, especially to help Germany, which needs to import most of hydrogen energy. According to the joint statement, the hydrogen transportation pipeline H2Med between Barcelona, Spain and Marseille, France will be extended to Germany.

此外，法德两国当天还发布一份关于国防和安全的联合新闻公报。公报称，两国正与西班牙合作开发“未来空战系统”，并希望在“地面主战系统”项目上取得重要进展。

In addition, France and Germany also issued a joint press release on national defense and security on the same day. The communique said that the two countries were cooperating with Spain to develop the "future air combat system" and hoped to make important progress in the "ground main combat system" project.

分歧需弥合

Differences need to be bridged

对于此次纪念活动和联合内阁会议，索邦大学历史学教授埃莱娜·米亚尔-德拉克鲁瓦指出，虽然双方展示了一些合作项目并表达了政治立场，但两国的分歧“仍然存在”。此话道出了法德“发动机”当前面临的问题。

With regard to the commemoration and the joint cabinet meeting, Elena Miar-Delacroix, a professor of history at the University of Sorbonne, pointed out that although the two sides showed some cooperation projects and expressed their political positions, the differences between the two countries "still exist". This statement points out the current problems faced by the "engine" of France and Germany.

在能源领域，德国政府去年9月宣布，将投入2000亿欧元以政府补贴等方式平抑能源价格。法方指责德方此举事先未与欧盟其他国家商量，并让德国企业享有不公平的竞争优势。尽管此次双方就能源合作取得一定进展，但法国媒体指出，法德尚未就欧洲电力市场改革问题达成一致。法国希望在市场上将天然气价格和电力价格脱钩，而德国表示反对。

In the field of energy, the German government announced in September last year that it would invest 200 billion euros to reduce energy prices through government subsidies and other means. The French side accused the German side of not consulting with other countries in the EU in advance and allowing German enterprises to enjoy an unfair competitive advantage. Although the two sides have made some progress on energy cooperation this time, the French media pointed out that France and Germany have not reached an agreement on the reform of the European electricity market. France wants to decouple the price of natural gas from the price of electricity in the market, while Germany opposes it.

在防务领域，德国计划向美国采购F-35战机，法国则希望与德国联合研发新一代欧洲战机，担心德国采购F-35会对此造成严重影响。德国希望使用以色列和美国已有的反导系统，而法国则坚持在法国和意大利系统的基础上研发欧洲自己的系统。有分析指出，这反映了欧洲内部在防务领域是选择“战略自主”还是“依靠美国”的路径之争。

In the field of defense, Germany plans to purchase F-35 fighter planes from the United States, while France hopes to jointly develop a new generation of European fighter planes with Germany, fearing that Germany's purchase of F-35 will have a serious impact. Germany hopes to use the existing anti-missile systems of Israel and the United States, while France insists on developing its own European system based on the French and Italian systems. Some analysts pointed out that this reflected the debate within Europe on whether to choose the path of "strategic autonomy" or "relying on the United States" in the field of defense.

1月6日，欧盟旗帜在比利时布鲁塞尔的欧盟委员会大厦外飘扬。新华社记者郑焕松摄

On January 6, the European Union flag flew outside the European Commission building in Brussels, Belgium. Photographed by Zheng Huansong, reporter of Xinhua News Agency

德国外交关系协会研究人士雅各布·罗斯和肯尼·克雷默在最近发表的文章中指出，60年来，团结的欧盟在《爱丽舍条约》的基础上得以建立，但如今，欧盟内部离心力越来越大，德法作为欧洲“发动机”现在“缺乏动力”。

Jacobs Ross and Kenny Kramer, researchers of the German Association for Foreign Relations, pointed out in a recent article that for 60 years, a united EU has been established on the basis of the Elysee Treaty, but now, the centrifugal force in the EU is increasing, and Germany and France, as the "engine" of Europe, are "lacking in power".

慕尼黑安全会议主席克里斯托夫·霍伊斯根认为，当前德法关系不佳双方都有责任，德国在考虑问题时并不总是顾及法国立场，法国也并不总是以“欧洲方式”行事。但如果德法不和，欧洲就会停滞不前。

Christophe Hoisgen, President of the Munich Security Conference, believes that both sides are responsible for the current poor relationship between Germany and France. Germany does not always take into account the French position when considering issues, and France does not always act in the "European way". But if Germany and France do not agree, Europe will stagnate.

尽管有分歧，但从法德双方的表态看，两国在有关欧洲未来的基本问题上仍有共识。马克龙和朔尔茨此前在两国媒体发表的联合署名文章中指出，《爱丽舍条约》签署60年后，法德仍然有着相同的理想——建立一个有韧性、强大和主权性的欧盟。即使存在分歧，两国仍然更加坚定地制定共同的应对措施，并希望与欧盟其他国家一道应对挑战。

Despite their differences, from the statements of France and Germany, the two countries still have consensus on the basic issues related to the future of Europe. Markron and Schultz pointed out in the joint signed article published by the media of the two countries that 60 years after the signing of the Elysee Treaty, France and Germany still have the same ideal - to build a resilient, strong and sovereign EU. Even though there are differences, the two countries are still more determined to formulate common response measures and hope to work with other EU countries to meet the challenges.

分析人士指出，要实现建立强大欧盟的理想，作为“发动机”的法德就必须设法弥合分歧、保持团结。米亚尔-德拉克鲁瓦说，在法德“达成和解”的《爱丽舍条约》签署60年后，巴黎和柏林必须重新发现其精神并重新启动两国的融合。（参与记者：李超）

Analysts pointed out that in order to realize the ideal of building a strong EU, France and Germany, as the "engine", must try to bridge differences and maintain unity. Miar-Delacroix said that 60 years after the signing of the Treaty of Elysee, which "reached a reconciliation" between France and Germany, Paris and Berlin must rediscover their spirit and restart the integration of the two countries. (Participating reporter: Li Chao)