清洁能源供暖，不只省下“一块钱”

Clean energy heating not only saves "one dollar"

2020年12月底，山西灵丘风电供暖项目首台风机并网发电。

The first wind turbine of Shanxi Lingqiu Wind Power Heating Project was connected to the grid for power generation at the end of December, 2020,

2021年底，山东东营空港产业园中深层地热供暖项目投产运行。

The middle and deep geothermal heating project of Shandong Dongying Airport Industrial Park was put into operation at the end of 2021.

2021年底，河北平泉市分布式光伏+电取暖项目建成并投入使用。

The distributed photovoltaic + electric heating project in Pingquan, Hebei Province was completed and put into use at the end of 2021.

2021年底，我国南方地区首个核能供热工程——浙江海盐核能供热示范工程投产。中核集团供图

Zhejiang Haiyan Nuclear Energy Heating Demonstration Project, the first nuclear energy heating project in southern China, was put into operation at the end of 2021. Photo courtesy of CNNC

2021年，我国首个也是最大的商用核能供热项目“暖核一号”二期工程正式投运。

The second phase of "Warm Nuclear No.1", the first and largest commercial nuclear energy heating project in China, was officially put into operation in 2021.

近年来，以核能、风能、太阳能等为代表的清洁能源在我国能源消费中的占比不断提升。国家发展改革委公布的数据显示，2021年，我国清洁能源消费占比达到25.5%。正如一条“鲶鱼”，雏形初现的清洁能源供暖搅动传统能源主导的供暖领域，为供暖领域瞄准“双碳”目标，开展智慧转型，带来更多可能。

The proportion of clean energy represented by nuclear energy, wind energy and solar energy in China's energy consumption has been increasing in recent years. According to the data released by the National Development and Reform Commission, in 2021, clean energy consumption in China accounted for 25.5%. Just like a "catfish", the emerging clean energy heating stirs up the heating field dominated by traditional energy, aiming at the goal of "double carbon" and carrying out intelligent transformation in the heating field, and bringing more possibilities.

山西灵丘县，群山环抱。西北风呼啸着掠过山尖，整个县城冷得在风中打颤。去年入冬以来，灵丘县室外气温多次突破零下10摄氏度。但在该县五灵镇易地扶贫搬迁户王期兵的家中，暖气熏得人暖洋洋的，室温达到20摄氏度。

Lingqiu County, Shanxi Province, was surrounded by mountains. The northwest wind whistled over the top of the mountain, and the whole county was so cold that it shivered in the wind. Since the winter of last year, the outdoor temperature in Lingqiu County has exceeded minus 10 degrees Celsius many times. However, in the home of Wang Qibing, an ex situ poverty alleviation relocated household in Wuling Town of the county, the heating is so warm and the room temperature reaches 20 degrees Celsius.

不再需要烧煤，凭借风电供暖，王期兵享受到了和城市同样的供暖服务。“咋也没想到吹了一辈子的山风，现在能供暖了。”王期兵感到不可思议。

There is no need to burn coal. With wind power heating, Wang Qibing enjoys the same heating service as the city. "Blown the mountain wind for a lifetime, I didn't expect to now I can enjoy the heating service." Wang Qibing felt incredible.

近年来，以核能、风能、太阳能等为代表的清洁能源在我国能源消费中的占比不断提升。国家发展改革委公布的数据显示，2021年，我国清洁能源消费占比达到25.5%。

The proportion of clean energy represented by nuclear energy, wind energy and solar energy in China's energy consumption has been increasing in recent years. According to the data released by the National Development and Reform Commission, in 2021, clean energy consumption in China accounted for 25.5%.

在冬季大气污染治理以及“双碳”目标压力下，我国居民的取暖方式正变得“百花齐放”，核能供暖、风电供暖、生物质能供暖、地热能供暖等清洁能源供暖方式加速普及。

Under the pressure of air pollution control in winter and the goal of "double carbon", Chinese residents are enjoying various heating methods, and clean energy heating methods such as nuclear energy heating, wind power heating, biomass energy heating and geothermal energy heating are popularizing rapidly.

《“十四五”可再生能源发展规划》中明确，太阳能热利用、地热能供暖、生物质供热、生物质燃料等非电利用规模达到6000万吨标准煤以上。

According to the "14th Five-Year Plan for Renewable Energy Development", the scale of non-electric utilization such as solar heat utilization, geothermal energy heating, biomass heating and biomass fuel has reached more than 60 million tons of standard coal.

面对既定的“双碳”目标，推动供暖能源清洁化、低碳化已从一道“选答题”逐渐成为“必答题”，我国正在加速探索如何“解题”。

With the established goal of "double carbon", promoting clean and low carbon heating energy has gradually become a "required answer" from an "optional answer", and China is accelerating the exploration of how to "answer questions".

清洁能源供暖，雨后春笋般发展

Clean energy heating has mushroomed

“不用烧煤了以后，我们把锅炉都当废铁卖了。”山东海阳市丰源热力有限公司是海阳市供热特许经营企业，该公司生产技术部经理李常科告诉科技日报记者，自核能供暖启用后，该公司原有换热站40吨热水锅炉已经拆除。

"When we don't have to burn coal, we sold the boilers as scrap iron." Shandong Haiyang Fengyuan Thermal Power Co., Ltd. is a heating franchise enterprise. Li Changke, manager of the production technology department of the company, told the Science and Technology Daily reporter that since the nuclear energy heating was put into use, the 40-ton hot water boiler in the original heat exchange station of the company has been dismantled.

2021年，依托海阳核电站，我国首个也是最大的商用核能供热项目“暖核一号”二期工程正式投运，供暖范围覆盖海阳主城区，让20万居民享受到了核能带来的温暖，海阳也成为我国首个“零碳”供暖城市。

In 2021, relying on Haiyang Nuclear Power Station, the second phase project of "Warm Nuclear No.1", which is the first and largest commercial nuclear energy heating project in China, was officially put into operation, covering the main urban area of Haiyang, allowing 200,000 residents to enjoy the warmth brought by nuclear energy, and Haiyang also became the first "zero carbon" heating city in China.

同年，秦山核电与海盐县签订协议，双方合作开展“浙江海盐核能供热示范工程”，这是我国南方地区首个核能供热工程。建成后的首个供暖季，4000余户海盐居民享受到了和北方城市一样的“暖气自由”。预计到2025年，该项目全面建成后，供暖面积将达到400万平方米，基本覆盖海盐主城区和秦山街道、澉浦镇。

In the same year, Qinshan Nuclear Power signed an agreement with Haiyan County to jointly carry out the "Project of Nuclear Energy Heating Demonstration in Zhejiang Haiyan", which is the first nuclear energy heating project in southern China. In the first heating season after completion, more than 4,000 Haiyan residents enjoyed the same "heating freedom" as northern cities. It is estimated that by 2025, the heating area will reach 4 million square meters, basically covering Haiyan main city, Qinshan Street and Ganpu Town after the project is fully completed.

2022年末，辽宁红沿河镇也依托当地红沿河核电站，成为东北首个核能供暖地区。

Hongyanhe Town, Liaoning Province also became the first nuclear heating area in Northeast China relying on the local Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Station at the end of 2022.

清洁能源参与供暖并非近年才有的新鲜事。

Clean energy participating in heating is not new in recent years.

在2016年底召开的中央财经领导小组第十四次会议上，习近平总书记强调，推进北方地区冬季清洁取暖，关系北方地区广大群众温暖过冬，关系雾霾天能不能减少，是能源生产和消费革命、农村生活方式革命的重要内容。要按照企业为主、政府推动、居民可承受的方针，宜气则气，宜电则电，尽可能利用清洁能源，加快提高清洁供暖比重。

At the 14th meeting of the Central Financial and Economic Leading Group held at the end of 2016, General Secretary emphasized that clean energy heating in winter in northern China is related to the warmth of the masses in northern China and whether smog days can be reduced, which is an important part of the energy production and consumption revolution and also the rural lifestyle revolution. According to the policy of giving priority to enterprises, promoting by the government and affordability by residents, we should make use of clean energy as much as possible and the proportion of clean energy heating.

随后，清洁能源供暖如雨后春笋般发展。

Subsequently, clean energy heating has mushroomed.

“暖核一号”一期工程在2019年11月率先建成。风电供暖则起步更早。2018年，国家电力投资集团有限公司（以下简称国家电投）于山西灵丘县投资建设40万千瓦风电供暖项目，成为我国目前建设的最大风电供暖项目。7000余名易地扶贫搬迁居民享受到了风电带来的温暖。

The first phase of "Warm Nuclear No.1" was first completed in November 2019 and wind power heating started earlier. In 2018, State Power Investment Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as State Power Investment) invested in the construction of 400,000 kW wind power heating project in Lingqiu County, Shanxi Province, which became the largest wind power heating project currently under construction in China. The warmth generated by wind power has been brought to more than 7000 relocated residents.

过去数年间，在内蒙古、黑龙江、吉林等风电资源较为充足的地区，国家电投、国家能源集团、华能集团等大型能源企业先后投资建设多个风电供暖项目，总装机容量突破百万千瓦。

In the past few years, in Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Jilin and other areas with abundant wind power resources, large energy enterprises such as State Power Investment Corporation, State Energy Group and Huaneng Group have successively invested in the construction of several wind power heating projects, and the total installed capacity has exceeded one million kilowatts.

“风电供暖需要先将电能转化为热能。”山西灵丘风电供暖项目负责人、国家电投河北公司（雄安公司）晋北区域新能源总站副站长曹孝斌向记者介绍，风电供暖常用的电热转化设备为蓄热电锅炉。以山西灵丘风电供暖项目所用蓄热电锅炉为例，其主要包括电阻丝及蓄热砖。蓄热砖由氧化镁砖和氧化铝砖组成，能够被加热到700摄氏度以上并进行储热。除热源不同外，蓄热电锅炉的换热原理和换热流程与传统燃煤锅炉基本一致，因此基础设施可实现共通共用。

"Wind power heating needs to convert electric energy into heat energy at first." Cao Xiaobin, head of Shanxi Lingqiu Wind Power Heating Project and deputy stationmaster of Shanxi North Regional New Energy Station of State Power Investment Hebei Company (Xiong'an Company), told reporters that regenerative electric boiler is the common electric heating conversion equipment for wind power heating. Taking the above regenerative electric boiler as an example, it mainly consists of resistance wire and heat storage brick. The heat storage brick is composed of magnesia brick and alumina brick, which can be heated to over 700 degrees Celsius and store heat. Except for different heat sources, the heat transfer principle and process of regenerative electric boiler are basically the same as those of traditional coal-fired boiler, so the infrastructure can be shared.

除集中供暖外，近年来，清洁能源在分布式供暖中也逐渐扮演重要角色。生物质能作为其中之一，在农村地区散煤替代中发挥着重要作用。

In addition to central heating, clean energy has gradually played an important role in distributed heating in recent years. As one of them, biomass energy is critical in replacing loose coal in rural areas.

生物质能是秸秆等农林废弃物经专业加工后制成的清洁能源。虽然燃烧过程会释放部分二氧化碳，但从全生命周期来看，其仍然是零碳排放能源，且相比散煤较少产生硫氧化物、氮氧化物等污染物。

Biomass energy is a clean energy made from agricultural and forestry wastes such as straw after professional processing. Although its combustion process will release some carbon dioxide, it is still a zero-carbon emission energy from the whole life cycle, and it produces less pollutants such as sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides compared to loose coal.

随着相关技术不断取得突破，生物质能发展逐渐加速。如上海发电设备成套设计研究院有限责任公司（以下简称上海成套院）凭借国内首次研发出的黑颗粒高温水洗技术，开发出了移动式绿能颗粒生产装置“秸能一号”，有效破解了生物质能燃料储运不便、价高质低等瓶颈。目前，该装置已在黑龙江省佳木斯市“一区三县”开展供暖散煤替代试运行，预计将在2024年实现佳木斯全市域农村约1000万平方米清洁取暖散煤替代。

With the continuous breakthroughs in related technologies, the development of biomass energy is accelerating. For example, Shanghai Power Generation Equipment Complete Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Shanghai Complete Design and Research Institute) developed a mobile green energy particle production device "Straw Energy No.1" by virtue of the high-temperature washing technology of black particles developed for the first time in China, which effectively solved the bottleneck of inconvenient storage and transportation, high price and low quality of biomass fuel. At present, the device has been put into trial operation in "one district and three counties" of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, and it is estimated that about 10 million square meters of loose coal will be replaced by clean heating in rural areas of Jiamusi in 2024.

算经济账，更要算生态账

Not only the economic account should be caculated, but also the ecological account

“温暖一座城 湛蓝一片天”，这是海阳开展核能供暖时经常提到的一句口号，后来这句口号又补充了半句，“少交一块钱”。

"Warming a city and making a blue sky" is a slogan usually mentioned when Haiyang develops nuclear energy heating. Later, this slogan was added with half a sentence that is "paying one dollar less".

2021年，海阳核电“暖核一号”二期工程正式投运后，海阳居民的取暖费不升反降，由过去的每平方米22元降至21元。核能供暖给当地居民带来了看得见的实惠。

In 2021, the second phase project of Haiyang Nuclear Power "Warm Nuclear No.1" was officially put into operation, and the heating cost of Haiyang residents did not rise but fell from 22 yuan per square meter in the past to 21 yuan. Tangible benefits of nuclear heating was brought to local residents.

取暖费下降背后，是供暖企业省下的真金白银。

The decline in heating costs is the money saved by heating enterprises.

此前供暖季，当地供暖公司要从河北等地购买至少18万吨原煤，燃煤锅炉配套的脱硫设备等还需额外耗电。不再需要燃煤供暖后，其一年仅耗电量便可减少900万度。开启核能供暖后，海阳市已将12台燃煤锅炉全部拆除，热力企业改为从核电站购买热源，再利用原有管网输送热源，由此省去了大笔设备、人工、运维等费用，居民取暖成本得以降低。

In the previous heating season, local heating companies needed to purchase at least 180,000 tons of raw coal from Hebei and other places, and desulfurization equipment supporting coal-fired boilers also had to consume extra power. Its electricity consumption can be reduced by 9 million kWh a year after coal-fired heating is no longer needed. When nuclear heating was put into use, Haiyang has dismantled all 12 coal-fired boilers, and the thermal enterprises have purchased heat sources from nuclear power plants instead, and then used the original pipe network to transport heat sources, thus saving a lot of costs of equipment, labor, operation and maintenance, and reducing the heating costs of residents.

海盐居民对此同样有切身感受。此前海盐县枫叶小区取暖主要依靠小区自建的天然气供暖设备，每个供暖季物业向居民收取每平方米46元的取暖费。而在核能供暖覆盖该小区后，其取暖费价格下降为每平方米30元。

Haiyan residents also have personal feelings about this. Previously, the heating of Maple Leaf Community in Haiyan County mainly relied on the natural gas heating equipment built by the community, and the property charged residents 46 yuan as the heating fee per square meter in each heating season. However, the heating price drops to 30 yuan per square meter after the nuclear energy heating covering the community.

居民得实惠，企业同样不吃亏。

Residents get benefits, and enterprises don't suffer either.

风电企业开展供暖业务更加看重其消纳“弃风”的价值。由于风电具有较强的不稳定性，通常一定区域范围内的风电存在上网总量限制，即发出的电力并不一定能够全部并入电网，超出限制无法上网的风电被称为“弃风”。风电供暖项目则为消纳“弃风”提供了适宜场景。

Wind power enterprises pay more attention to the value of consuming "abandoned wind" when developing heating business. Due to the instability of wind power, there is usually a limit on the total amount of wind power in certain areas, which means the generated power may not be fully integrated into the power grid, so the wind power that cannot be connected to the power grid is called "abandoned wind". Wind power heating project provides a suitable opportunity for consuming "abandoned wind".

曹孝斌表示，风电供暖项目能为风电企业带来整体效益改善。按照相关规定，风电供暖项目所用电量可以按照一定比例转换为风电场增加的上网电量。

Cao Xiaobin said that wind power heating projects can improve the overall benefits of wind power enterprises. According to relevant regulations, the electricity consumption of wind power heating projects can be converted into the increased on-grid electricity consumption of wind farms in accordance with a certain proportion.

以山西灵丘风电供暖项目为例，其每个采暖季可消耗电力约1亿千万时，其中可利用电网谷段电力约9600万千瓦时。

Taking Lingqiu wind power heating project in Shanxi Province as an example, the project can consume about 100 million hours of electricity in per heating season, of which about 96 million kWh of electricity can be used in the valley section of the power grid.

“如果这部分谷段电力全部来自原本的‘弃风’电力，即使按照平价电价计算，增加的这部分上网电量每年便可为电厂增收2810余万元。”在曹孝斌看来，在风电限电较高的区域，此类项目意义更大，可以显著提升风电利用率，减少限电损失。

"If this part of the valley power all comes from the original'abandoned wind 'power, even if calculated according to the parity electricity price, the increased on-grid power can help the power plant's income increase by more than 28.1 million yuan every year." In Cao Xiaobin's opinion, such projects are of greater significance in those areas with high wind power rationing, which can significantly improve the utilization rate of wind power and reduce the loss of power rationing.

清洁能源供暖不仅要算经济账，更要算生态账，生态账比经济账更加亮眼。

Clean energy heating should be regarded not only as an economic account, but also as an ecological account, which is more eye-catching than economic account.

山东核电提供的数据显示，截至2023年1月底，“暖核一号”项目已完成三个供暖季，正在进行第四个供暖季供暖任务，累计对外提供清洁热量381.5万吉焦，减少原煤消耗34.3万吨，减排二氧化碳63万吨；灵丘40万千瓦风电供暖项目，发电及供暖每年可为国家节约标煤28万吨，减排二氧化碳80万吨。

According to the data provided by Shandong Nuclear Power, the "Warm Nuclear No.1" project has completed three heating seasons and is carrying out the heating task in the fourth heating season as of the end of January 2023. It has provided clean heat of 3.815 million Ji Jiao and reduced raw coal consumption 343,000 tons, and carbon dioxide emissions decreased by 630,000 tons; the project of Lingqiu 400,000 kW wind power heating can save 280,000 tons of standard coal and reduce 800,000 tons of carbon dioxide for the country every year.

上海成套院董事长、党委书记顾皑在谈到生物质能参与供暖时表示，未来碳交易市场的不断发展，或将有效平衡清洁能源供暖带来的生态价值与经济价值。“比如北京目前碳交易价格每吨二氧化碳约为100元，而每吨生物质能颗粒燃料可减排二氧化碳2.6吨，那么便可额外获得收益260元。”

Gu Kai, Chairman and Party Secretary of Shanghai Complete Institute, said that the continuous development of carbon trading market in the future will effectively balance the ecological value and economic value brought by clean energy heating. "For example, Beijing's current carbon trading price is about 100 yuan per ton of carbon dioxide, and per ton of biomass energy pellet fuel can reduce carbon dioxide by 2.6 tons, so we can get 260 yuan as extra income."

“宜”字当先，不能盲目上马

"Adapting to local conditions" takes the lead and measures cannot be blindly launched

面对清洁能源供暖这道“必答题”，一系列“答案”已浮出水面。虽然选择众多，但因地制宜仍然是首要标准。

With the "must-answer" of clean energy heating, a series of "answers" have surfaced. Although we have many choices, adapting to local conditions is still the primary criterion.

中国工程院院士倪维斗看好生物质能供暖在农村地区的应用。他认为，对缺少集中供暖基础设施的农村地区，生物质能供暖作为分布式的清洁能源供暖方式是更加适宜的选择。

Ni Weidou, academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering, is optimistic about the application of biomass energy heating in rural areas. He believes that, as a distributed clean energy heating method, biomass energy heating is a more suitable choice for rural areas lacking central heating infrastructure.

生物质能原料来自于农林废弃物，获取便捷，经专业加工后可直接燃烧使用，无需额外购买设备，具有成本低、使用便利的特性，适于农村地区应用。但倪维斗也强调，生物质能属于分布式能源，应就近利用，一旦运输距离过长，不仅成本提升，其运输过程也会额外消耗大量能源，应因地制宜进行规划。

Coming from agricultural and forestry wastes, biomass energy raw materials are convenient to obtain and can directly burn after professional processing without purchasing any additional equipment. Featuring low cost and convenient use, biomass energy materials are suitable for rural areas. However, Ni Weidou also stressed that biomass energy belongs to distributed energy and should be used nearby. Once the transportation distance is too long, not only the cost will increase, but the transportation process will also consume a lot of energy, so it should be planned according to local conditions.

在集中供暖中应用清洁能源，选择什么样的清洁能源供暖方式同样重要。清洁能源开发受环境因素影响大，不同的清洁能源供暖方式有着显著的区域性。

It is equally important to choose what kind of clean energy heating mode when applying clean energy in central heating. The development of clean energy is greatly influenced by environmental factors, so different clean energy heating methods have significant regional characteristics.

目前核能供暖的覆盖范围最高可达核电站周边200至300公里，但采用热电联产式的核能供暖机组运行时需大量冷水进行冷却，因此仅适用于部分沿海地区。内陆地区想用上核能供暖，则要寄希望于低温供热堆。如中核集团研发的“燕龙”泳池式低温供热堆已列入吉林省辽源市相关项目规划。

At present, the largest coverage of nuclear energy heating can reach up to 200-300 kilometers around the nuclear power plant, but the nuclear energy heating unit with cogeneration needs a lot of cold water to cool it, so it is only suitable for some coastal areas. If inland areas want to use nuclear energy for heating, low-temperature heating reactors is a choice. For example, "Yanlong" swimming pool type low-temperature heating reactor developed by CNNC has been listed in the relevant project planning of Liaoyuan, Jilin Province.

风电供暖则对地区风力资源有着较高要求，尤其看重当地电价成本。“风电供暖项目建设要因地制宜，除风力资源外，还要充分考虑当地峰谷电价差、电成本或供热补贴政策等因素。”曹孝斌提到，目前不同地区对于风电供暖用电价格仍未有统一的政策标准，如部分地区可参照享受居民“煤改电”用电电价，但也有部分地区无相关政策。

Wind power heating has higher requirements for regional wind power resources, especially the local electricity price cost. "The construction of wind power heating projects should be adapted to local conditions. In addition to wind resources, factors such as local peak-valley electricity price difference, electricity cost or heating subsidy policy should be fully taken into consideration." Cao Xiaobin mentioned that there is still no unified policy standard for the electricity price of wind power heating in different regions. For example, in some regions, residents can refer to the electricity price of "coal to electricity", but some regions don't have related policies.

对缺乏供暖基础设施的南方地区，政府、企业、居民间的配合至关重要。

For the southern region lacking heating infrastructure, the cooperation among government, enterprises and residents is very important.

负责海盐核能供暖项目建设运营的浙江零碳热力有限责任公司总经理陈鹂鹂提到，其所在公司主要负责海盐核能供热工程主管网建设，而主管网到居民家中的配套支网建设主体并不明确，权责划分不清晰，导致资金无法落实，项目推进困难，有待相关部门提供进一步的政策指引。

Chen Lili, general manager of Zhejiang Zero Carbon Thermal Power Co., Ltd., who is responsible for the construction and operation of Haiyan Nuclear Energy Heating Project, mentioned that, his company mainly hold the responsibility of the construction of the main network of Haiyan Nuclear Energy Heating Project. But, the unclear main body of supporting branch network construction from the main network to residents' homes , and the ambigious division of powers and responsibilities lead to the inability to implement funds and difficulties in promoting the project, so relevant departments need to provide further policy guidance.

同时，陈鹂鹂表示，南方地区开展清洁能源集中供暖面临管网建设工程量大，项目投资额度大等瓶颈。项目建设亟须拓宽融资渠道，落实政策扶持，并加深居民对于核能供暖的认知与了解。

At the same time, Chen Lili said that bottlenecks such as large amount of pipe network construction and large amount of project investment remains in the development of clean energy central heating in southern China. It is urgent for us to broaden financing channels, implement supporting policy and deepen residents' awareness and understanding of nuclear energy heating.

清洁能源供暖作为新兴事物正蓬勃发展，但目前仍面临较大不确定性，各地区需结合当地资源禀赋、资金情况、相关政策摸索前行。

Clean energy heating, the emerging thing, is booming, but it still faces great uncertainty. All regions need to explore and move forward based on local resource, capital condition and relevant policies.

“不论是集中还是分布式清洁能源供暖，都在特定区域和一定边界下具备较好效益和推广价值，不同技术选择都需要因地制宜、一事一议，定制化地进行路线选择和方案设计。” 顾皑总结道。

"Both the centralized and distributed clean energy heating have good benefits and promotion value in specific areas and boundaries. We'd better choose different technology with taking local conditions into consideration, and customize route and scheme design." Gu Kai concluded.

不仅要瞄准未来，还要兼顾当下

We should not only aim at the future, but also take into account the present

清洁能源供暖方兴未艾，但与此同时，部分传统供暖企业却陷入举步维艰的困境。

Clean energy heating is in the ascendant, but at the same time, some traditional heating enterprises are in a difficult time.

在2022年供暖季中，黑龙江鹤岗等多个地区因供暖公司亏损加剧，导致供暖暂停。

Heating was suspended in Hegang, Heilongjiang and other areas due to the increased losses of heating companies in the heating season of 2022.

清洁供热产业委员会宣传部部长孙小宇告诉记者：“目前北方集中供暖的热价都是政府批复的指导热价，市场的调节能力不足。近两年煤炭价格大幅上涨，多地热价处于‘倒挂’状态，许多企业在‘赔本’供热。”

Sun Xiaoyu, director of the Propaganda Department of the Clean Heating Industry Committee, told the reporter: "At present, the heat prices of central heating in north area are all the guiding heat prices approved by the government, and the market has insufficient adjustment ability. In the past two years, coal prices have risen sharply, and heat prices in many regions are in a state of'upside down ', and many enterprises are heating at a loss."

孙小宇建议，当下应开展热力市场化改革，理顺能源价格与热价关系，实施能源价格与热价联动。建立成本信息档案，健全有效的成本约束机制，明确合理价格及联动标准，使政府定价能够覆盖各环节成本，实现政府的民生责任、居民的取暖需求以及企业的合法权益相统一。

Sun Xiaoyu suggested that we should carry out market-oriented reform of heat at present, straighten out the relationship between energy price and heat price, and coordinate energy price and heat price. It is also imperative for us to establish cost information files, improve the effective cost constraint mechanism, and clarify reasonable prices and linkage standards, so that government pricing can cover the costs of all links, so we can seek a balance among the government's people's livelihood responsibility, residents' heating needs and the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises.

对清洁能源供暖来说，热价同样是有力的“指挥棒”。让热价“动起来”，不仅将改善传统供暖企业生存状况，同时也有利于清洁能源供暖发展。

Teat price is also a powerful "baton" for clean energy heating. Making the heat price "move" will not only improve the living conditions of traditional heating enterprises, but also benefit the development of clean energy heating.

一方面，以煤炭为代表的传统化石能源价格时有波动，当与热价联动后，成本较为稳定的清洁能源将更具优势，增加地方政府和企业的投资积极性。

On the one hand, the price of traditional fossil energy represented by coal fluctuates from time to time. So clean energy will have relatively stable cost and have more advantages when linked with heat price. That will increase the investment enthusiasm of local governments and enterprises.

国家电投核能发展总工程师，山东核电有限公司党委书记、董事长吴放举例说，核能供暖项目投产后，核燃料价格占总成本比重较小，也更加稳定，不会受到化石能源价格波动影响。

Wu Fang, chief engineer of nuclear energy development of State Power Investment Corporation, Party Secretary and Chairman of Shandong Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., gave an example that the nuclear fuel price accounts for a smaller proportion of the total cost and became more stable after the nuclear energy heating project being put into production, which will not be affected by the fluctuation of fossil energy prices.

另一方面，清洁能源供暖也亟须建立符合自身特点的热价体系。

On the other hand, clean energy heating also needs to establish a heat price system in line with its own characteristics.

曹孝斌认为，现有的热价定价机制仍是以火电为基准，作为未来新型电力系统的重要组成部分，清洁能源综合价值应高于火电。因此推广应用清洁能源供暖项目，需要建立相应的成本监审体系，提高清洁能源热价定价标准，充分体现清洁能源价值，从而实现可持续发展。

Cao Xiaobin believes that the existing thermal pricing mechanism is still based on thermal power, but the comprehensive value of clean energy should be higher than that of thermal power as an important part of the new power system in the future. Therefore, in order to promote the application of clean energy heating projects, it is necessary for us to establish a corresponding cost supervision and examination system, improve the pricing standard of clean energy heat price, and fully reflect the value of clean energy, so as to achieve sustainable development.

热价改革着眼于解燃眉之急。瞄准未来，供暖领域正酝酿一场真正的智慧转型。

Heat price reform focuses on solving urgent needs. In the future, a real intelligent transformation is brewing in the heating field.

全面提升供热系统能效与智能化水平，构建安全低碳、清洁高效、智慧经济的新型供热系统，推进城乡供热节能低碳转型，将成为推动“双碳”目标落实的重要举措，清洁能源也将在其中扮演重要角色。

Efforts should be taken to improve the energy efficiency and intelligence level of heating system in an all-round way, build a new heating system with safety, low carbon, clean efficiency and smart economy, and promote the energy-saving and low-carbon transformation of urban so as to promote the implementation of the "double carbon" goal, in which clean energy will also play an important role.

孙小宇表示，智慧供热是未来供热领域的一场系统化改革，在热源侧要推动清洁能源更多参与供暖并推广多能互补模式；在热网侧则要推进系统节能降碳改造，提升建筑能效水平；用户端需要进一步普及热计量收费替代传统的按取暖面积收费，为智慧供热打下基础。

Sun Xiaoyu said that smart heating is a systematic reform in the heating field in the future. On the heat source side, it is necessary for us to promote clean energy to participate more in heating and promote multi-energy complementary models; On the heating network side, it is necessary for us to promote the energy-saving and carbon-reducing transformation of the system and improve the energy efficiency level of the building; Users need to further popularize heat metering and charging instead of traditional charging according to heating area, so as to lay the foundation for intelligent heating.

正如一条“鲶鱼”，雏形初现的清洁能源供暖搅动传统能源主导的供暖领域，为供暖领域瞄准“双碳”目标，开展智慧转型，带来更多可能。（采 写：实习记者 都 芃 策 划：陈 瑜 图片除标注外由国家电投提供）

Just like a "catfish", the emerging clean energy heating stirs up the heating field dominated by traditional energy, aiming at the goal of "double carbon", bringing intelligent transformation in the heating field, creating more possibilities. (Written: Intern reporter Du Hao Planning: Jesuli Chen pictures are provided by the State Power Investment except for labeling)