雪域欢歌70载·西藏启航新时代：迢迢“天路”通高原
Snow Songs for 70 Years, Tibet Sails to a New Era: All the Way to "Heavenly Road" to Plateau
在青藏高原冈底斯山与喜马拉雅山之间，翻高山、跨大江、穿隧道……90%以上线路海拔超3000米的拉林铁路铺上雪域高原，“复兴号”列车实现了对31个省区市的全覆盖。
Between the Gangdise Mountains and the Himalayas on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, over high mountains, across great rivers and tunnels... More than 90% of the Larin Railway with an altitude of over 3,000 meters is paved with snow-covered plateaus, and the "Fuxing" train has achieved full coverage of 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities.
拉林铁路全线435公里，有47条隧道、121座桥梁，桥隧比高达75%，在滔滔雅鲁藏布江上跨越16次，施工难度世所罕见。然而，在13万多名建设者的艰苦奋战下，这条总投资360多亿元的高原“天路”仅历时6年即建成通车。
There are 47 tunnels and 121 bridges in 435 km of the whole line of the Lahrain Railway, with the ratio of bridge to tunnel as high as 75 %. It crosses the Yarlung Zangbo River for 16 times, and the construction difficulty is rare in the world. However, under the hard struggle of more than 130,000 builders, this plateau ’ s Skywalk, with a total investment of more than CNY 36 billion, only took six years to complete.
这只是和平解放70年来西藏交通基础设施巨变的一个最新例证。公路通车里程达11.88万公里，建制村村村通公路；5个地市实现了铁路通达，运营里程近1400公里……今日西藏，迢迢“天路”通高原，立体交通网日渐完善。
This is just the latest example of the dramatic changes in transport infrastructure in Tibet over the past 70 years of peaceful liberation. the mileage of the highway is 118,800 kilometers, and the village-village highway is established ; five cities have achieved railway access, operating mileage of nearly 1400 km... Today, Tibet, from the " sky road " to the plateau, three-dimensional traffic network is increasingly perfect.
钢铁“天路”
Steel "Tianlu"
攻克高原铁路建设多项难题
Overcome Many Difficulties in Plateau Railway Construction
26岁的林芝市朗县青年洛桑旦增，心中的铁路梦藏了十几年。
Lausanne Danzeng, a 26-year-old young man from Lang County, Linzhi City, has been hiding his railway dream for more than ten years.
小时候去拉萨，汽车要在路上开整整两天，翻过一座又一座高山……那时候，他还不知道什么是火车。
When I was a child, when I went to Lhasa, the car had to drive on the road for two whole days, climbing over one mountain after another... At that time, he did not know what a train was.
初中毕业去江西读高中，洛桑旦增第一次坐上了火车。看着窗外的雪山、草甸被列车远远抛在后面，他抑制不住内心的兴奋，“家乡如能通上铁路该多好！”
After graduating from junior high school and going to Jiangxi to study in senior high school, Lausanne Danzeng got on the train for the first time. Looking out of the window at the snowy mountains and meadows left far behind by the train, he could not restrain his excitement. "If only his hometown could be connected to the railway!"
年少的洛桑旦增不知道，当时的国家中长期铁路网规划，已将拉萨至林芝铁路建设列入其中。在充分的前期工作之后，2015年，作为国家“十三五”重点项目，拉林铁路全线开工建设。
The young Luo Sangdanzeng did not know that the national medium and long-term railway network planning at that time included the construction of Lhasa-Linzhi Railway. After full preliminary work, in 2015, as a national ' 13th Five-Year ' key project, the construction of the whole line of Lalin Railway started.
大学毕业后的洛桑旦增回到家乡自主创业，开办了一家劳务中介公司，组织乡亲们去林芝市区务工。“朗县到林芝几乎全是山路，开车时真是让人提心吊胆。”
After graduating from college, Lausanne Danzeng returned to his hometown to start his own business and set up a labor agency company to organize villagers to work in Nyingchi City. "Lang County to Nyingchi are almost all mountain roads. Driving is really scary."
16年前，西藏的铁路运营里程为零。随着拉林铁路建成通车，西藏下辖7地市已有5地市实现了铁路通达，运营里程近1400公里。洛桑旦增前两年创业的担忧随之烟消云散，“火车开通一个多月，拉萨、林芝、山南之间出行方便，再也不用担心山路艰险！”
16 years ago, the railway mileage in Tibet was zero. With the completion of the Larraine Railway, five of the seven cities under Tibet have achieved railway access, with an operating mileage of nearly 1,400 km. Lausanne 's worries about starting a business two years ago faded. ' The train opened for more than a month, and it 's easy to travel between Lhasa, Linzhi and Shannan, and don 't worry about the mountain road. '
“盼望铁路修到我家乡，一条条巨龙翻山越岭，为雪域高原送来安康……”2005年，一曲《天路》风靡神州大地，唱出高原儿女对青藏铁路这条神奇“天路”的热切期盼。
"I hope that the railway will be built to my hometown, and great dragons will climb mountains and mountains to bring Ankang to the snowy plateau..." In 2005, a song "Tianlu" swept the land of China, singing the fervent expectation of the plateau children for the magical "Tianlu" of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.
建设青藏铁路是几代中国人梦寐以求的愿望，党和政府始终高度重视。1958年，党中央决定建设青藏铁路西宁至格尔木段，1984年5月这段铁路建成通车。进入新世纪，党中央从推进西部大开发、实现各民族共同发展繁荣的大局出发，作出了修建青藏铁路格尔木至拉萨段的重大决策。
The construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the dream of generations of Chinese people, and the Party and the government have always attached great importance to it. In 1958, the CPC Central Committee decided to build Xining-Geermu section of Qinghai-Tibet Railway, which was opened to traffic in May 1984. In the new century, the CPC Central Committee has made a major decision to build the Qinghai-Tibet Railway from Golmud to Lhasa from the overall situation of promoting the western development and realizing the common development and prosperity of all ethnic groups.
青藏铁路是世界上海拔最高、线路最长的高原铁路，沿线高寒缺氧，地质复杂，冻土广布，工程十分艰巨。10多万筑路大军在生命禁区艰苦奋战5年，在攻克许多罕见科技难题之后，终于在2006年修通了格尔木至拉萨段。2006年7月1日，青海西宁至西藏拉萨全长1956公里的青藏铁路全线通车。
Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the world ' s highest altitude, the longest line of plateau railway, along the alpine hypoxia, complex geology, frozen soil widely spread, the project is very difficult. More than 100,000 road-building troops fought hard in the forbidden area for five years. After overcoming many rare scientific and technological problems, they finally completed the Golmud-Lhasa section in 2006. On July 1, 2006, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway with a total length of 1956 km from Xining, Qinghai to Lhasa, Tibet opened to traffic.
青藏铁路拉萨西站党支部书记张卫东，已在这里工作了15年，见证了这条铁路带来的变化：15年间，进出藏货物量增长均超过20倍，拉萨和周边城乡大部分生活生产资料，都是通过这条“天路”从全国各地源源不断运来。
Zhang Weidong, secretary of the Party branch of Lhasa West Railway Station, has been working here for 15 years, witnessing the changes brought by this railway. During the 15 years, the volume of goods in and out of Tibet has increased by more than 20 times. Most of the means of life and production in Lhasa and surrounding urban and rural areas have been continuously transported from all over the country through this “ skyway ”.
网状“天路”
Mesh "Tianlu"
县乡村全部通公路
All counties and villages are connected to roads.
“姑娘出嫁远方，马道又远又长，翻过三座高山，蹚过三条大江，走了三十三天哟，才进新郎帐房……”这首民歌，是旧西藏交通极端落后的写照。和平解放之前，旧西藏没有一条正规的公路，交通运输全靠人背畜驮，从拉萨到青海西宁或四川雅安往返需要半年到一年时间。
'The girl was far away from her marriage, and the horseway was far and long. She crossed three mountains, waded three rivers, and walked thirty-three days before she entered the groom 's tent... This folk song is a portrait of the extremely backward traffic in old Tibet. Before the peaceful liberation, there was no regular road in the old Tibet, and transportation was carried by people and animals. It took half a year to one year to travel from Lhasa to Xining in Qinghai or Ya 'an in Sichuan.
川藏、青藏公路开创了西藏现代交通的新局面。西藏和平解放后，人民解放军、四川和青海等省份各族人民群众以及工程技术人员组成了11万人的筑路大军，在极为艰苦的条件下奋勇拼搏，于1954年建成了总长4360公里的川藏、青藏公路，结束了西藏没有现代公路的历史，在“人类生命禁区”的“世界屋脊”创造了公路建设史上的奇迹。
Sichuan-Tibet Highway and Qinghai-Tibet Highway have created a new situation of modern transportation in Tibet. After the peaceful liberation of Tibet, the people 's liberation army, the people of all ethnic groups in provinces such as Sichuan and Qinghai, as well as engineering and technical personnel, formed a road building army of 110,000 people, and worked hard under extremely difficult conditions. In 1954, the Sichuan-Tibet and Qinghai-Tibet highways with a total length of 4360 kilometres were built, ending the history of no modern highway in Tibet, and creating a miracle in the history of highway construction in the ' world roof ' of the ' forbidden zone of human life '.
党和政府十分重视西藏交通运输事业的发展，不断加大支持力度，在人才、技术、项目、资金等方面给予重点倾斜。民主改革后，迅速建设了新藏、滇藏、中尼等干线公路，青藏、川藏公路也陆续铺起柏油路面。
The Party and the government attach great importance to the development of Tibet's transportation industry and have continuously increased their support, giving priority to talents, technology, projects and funds. After the democratic reform, the new Tibet, Yunnan-Tibet, China-Nepal and other trunk roads were rapidly built, and the Qinghai-Tibet and Sichuan-Tibet roads were paved with asphalt one after another.
因大山阻隔，墨脱是全国最后一个通公路的县城。
Due to the barrier of mountains, Motuo is the last county town in the country to connect roads.
墨脱通路难，主要难在两点：一是坡度大路难修，全县相对高差达6000多米，几乎垂直分布着从寒带到热带8个气候带；二是气候恶劣路难保，夏季塌方、滑坡、泥石流频繁发生，冬季则大雪封山八九个月。从上世纪60年代开始筹划修建的墨脱公路，被称为“世界上最难修建的公路”，持续了近40年也未能完全修通。
Motuo pathway is difficult, mainly difficult in two points : First, the slope road is difficult to repair, the county ' s relative height difference is more than 6000 meters, almost vertical distribution from cold to tropical eight climatic zones ; second, the weather is bad road is difficult to protect, summer collapses, landslides, debris flows occur frequently, winter snow mountain eighty-nine months. The road planned for construction from the 1960s, known as the ' hardest road in the world ', has not been fully repaired for nearly 40 years.
墨脱县完全小学副校长格桑德吉，家在墨脱县帮辛乡根登村，是从墨脱走出的门巴族大学生。回忆起小时候从墨脱去林芝上学的艰辛，格桑德吉说：“只能一路徒步，翻过4000多米的雪山、蹚过冰冷的河流、穿过幽深的原始森林……一趟下来，就要走上七八天！”在林芝上小学的几年间，格桑德吉仅回过3次家。
The Vice-Chancellor of the Complete Primary School of Motuo County, Gesang Deji, is home to Gendeng Village, Gangxin Township, Motuo County. Recalling the hardships of schooling from Motto to Nyingchi, Gsang Deji said : ' You can only walk all the way, over 4000 meters of snow mountains, wade through the cold river, through the deep primitive forest... One trip down, it 's going to be seven or eight days ! ’ During Linzhi ’ s years in primary school, Gsanderji only went home three times.
对于西藏的民生冷暖，党中央牵挂于心。2008年10月，国务院常务会议批准了西藏墨脱公路可行性研究报告，决定建设墨脱公路。此次批准的墨脱公路，起自波密县扎木镇，止于墨脱县城，全长约117公里。国家全额投资9.5亿元，历时4年，扎墨公路终于在2013年10月底建成通车，将墨脱全年通路时间由原来3个月左右增加到9至10个月。
For the people ' s livelihood in Tibet, the Party Central Committee is concerned. In October 2008, the executive meeting of the State Council approved the feasibility study report on the Motuo Highway in Tibet and decided to build the Motuo Highway. The approved Motto Highway starts from Zhamu Town, Mi County, and ends in Motto County, with a total length of about 117 kilometers. The national total investment of 950 million yuan, lasted four years, Zhamo highway finally completed in October 2013, the annual access time of Motuo increased from about 3 months to 9-10 months.
扎墨公路修通的第二年，第二条通往墨脱县的交通要道——派墨公路开工建设。这条公路将林芝市区至墨脱县城的距离由346公里缩短到180公里，通行时间缩短8小时左右。历经7年艰苦建设，如今派墨公路通车在即。
In the second year of Zhamo highway construction, the second traffic route to Motuo County-Paimo highway construction. This road shortens the distance from Linzhi City to Motto County from 346 km to 180 km, and the traffic time is shortened by about 8 hours. After seven years of hard construction, Paimo Highway is now open.
如今在西藏，县乡村全部通公路，通车里程达11.88万公里，全区所有县通公路，建制村村村通公路，乡镇、建制村通畅率分别达94%、76%。广袤的雪域高原上，一张巨大的公路网连接着远在“天边”的村庄、牧场、雪山、湖泊……
Today, in Tibet, all counties and villages are connected to roads, with a mileage of 118,800 kilometers. All counties in the region are connected to roads, and all villages and villages in the region are connected to roads. The patency rates of villages and towns and villages are 94% and 76% respectively. On the vast snow-covered plateau, a huge road network connects villages, pastures, snow-capped mountains and lakes far away from the "horizon"...
立体“天路”
Three-dimensional "Tianlu"
“天边的阿里”不再遥远
"Ali in the Horizon" is no longer far away.
阿里，平均海拔4500米以上，行署所在地狮泉河镇，距拉萨1400多公里；周边最近的城市，是1300多公里外的新疆和田市。“天边的阿里”，人们这样形容阿里的遥远。
Ali, with an average altitude of more than 4500 meters, is located in Shiquanhe Town, where the administrative office is located, more than 1400 kilometers away from Lhasa. The nearest city around is Hotan City in Xinjiang, more than 1300 kilometers away. "Ali on the horizon", people describe Ali as far away.
2010年前，阿里出行主要靠公路，从狮泉河镇到拉萨，至少需要40个小时。
Before 2010, Ali traveled mainly by road. It took at least 40 hours to travel from Shiquanhe Town to Lhasa.
为改善阿里的交通面貌，2007年5月，在狮泉河镇西南海拔4270多米的地方，昆莎机场开工建设。3年后昆莎机场建成，从阿里到拉萨的飞行时间只需两个小时，从阿里到全国各地也可实现当日到达。
In order to improve the traffic situation of Ali, the construction of Queensa Airport was started in May 2007 at an altitude of 4270 meters southwest of Shiquanhe Town. Three years later, Queensa Airport was completed. The flight time from Ali to Lhasa is only two hours, and the arrival of the same day can be achieved from Ali to all parts of the country.
今年4月，阿里普兰机场获得国家发改委批复，又一条“天空之路”即将开工建设，“天边的阿里”不再遥远。
In April this year, Alipland Airport was approved by the National Development and Reform Commission. Another "road to the sky" is about to start construction. Ali on the horizon is no longer far away.
让阿里不再遥远的，还有另外一条“天路”的建成。2020年12月4日，国家电网阿里与藏中电网联网工程投运。这条全长1600多公里的输电线路，起于日喀则市桑珠孜区多林变电站，止于阿里地区噶尔县巴尔变电站，跨越日喀则、阿里两地10个区县，总投资74亿元。
To make Ali no longer far away, there is another “ sky road ”. December 4, 2020, the national grid Ali and Tibet power grid interconnection project put into operation. This transmission line, with a total length of more than 1600 kilometers, starts from the Duolin Substation in Sangzhuzi District, Shigatse City, and ends at the Bal Substation in Gaer County, Ali Prefecture. It 10 districts and counties in Shigatse and Ali, with a total investment of CNY 7.4 billion.
这条“电力天路”，最高海拔5357米，平均海拔4572米，施工环境极其恶劣，道路交通极其艰险，是迄今为止世界上海拔最高、施工难度最大、最具挑战性的500千伏输变电工程。工程的建成投运，结束了阿里地区孤网运行的历史，从根本上解决了阿里地区缺电的问题，为沿线16个区县38万农牧民提供安全可靠的“大网电”。
This “ electric power skyline ” has the highest altitude of 5357 meters and the average altitude of 4572 meters. The construction environment is extremely harsh and the road traffic is extremely dangerous. It is the world ’ s highest altitude, the most difficult construction and the most challenging 500 kV transmission and transformation project. The completion and operation of the project ended the history of isolated network operation in Ali area, fundamentally solved the problem of power shortage in Ali area, and provided safe and reliable ' large network power ' for 380000 farmers and herdsmen in 16 districts and counties along the line.
53岁的普兰县普兰镇居民古入，今年放心地购买了一批崭新的家用电器。在普兰镇生活了几十年，缺电少电是古入心中曾经的“痛”。小时候没有电，照明只能点油灯，光线暗，油烟大。“冬天取暖炉子冒烟，油灯也冒烟，熏得眼泪直流、鼻子难受，从此落下了鼻炎的病根。”古入禁不住揉了揉鼻子，“这下好了，以后可以烧电暖气了，不用担心电灯不亮了。”
The 53-year-old residents of Pulan Town, Pulan County, have bought a new batch of household appliances with ease this year. Living in Pulan town for decades, lack of electricity is the ancient heart of the ' pain '. When a child without electricity, lighting can only light oil, dark light, smoke. Winter heating stove smoked, oil lamp smoked, smoked tears, nose distressed, since then fell the root of rhinitis. ‘ Guru can ’ t help rubbing his nose. ’ This is all right. After that, he can burn electric heating. Don ’ t worry about the lights.
在中央支持、全国各地支援下，西藏基础设施建设实现跨越式发展。西藏自治区党委书记吴英杰表示，西藏和平解放70年来，中央政府累计投入1.63万亿元，近几年援藏省市总计投入693亿元，其中大量资金用于西藏的基础设施建设，有力推动了西藏经济社会发展，创造了短短几十年跨越上千年的人间奇迹，使西藏“换了人间”。
With the support of the central government and all over the country, infrastructure construction in Tibet has achieved leapfrog development. Wu Yingjie, secretary of the Party Committee of the Tibet Autonomous Region, said that in the past 70 years of peaceful liberation of Tibet, the central government has invested CNY 1.63 trillion in total, and in recent years, the provinces and cities assisting Tibet have invested CNY 69.3 billion in total. A large amount of money has been used for the construction of infrastructure in Tibet, which has effectively promoted the economic and social development of Tibet, created a miracle of human beings spanning thousands of years in just a few decades, and made Tibet ’ s ‘ change the world ’.
《 人民日报 》（ 2021年08月11日 01 版）
"People's Daily" (August 11, 2021, 01 Edition)
