《制造业企业数字化转型实施指南》发布
"Implementation Guide for Digital Transformation of Manufacturing Enterprises" released
近日，工业和信息化部、国务院国有资产监督管理委员会、中华全国工商业联合会等三部门联合印发了《制造业企业数字化转型实施指南》（以下简称《指南》）。
Recently, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council, and the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce jointly issued the "Implementation Guidelines for Digital Transformation of Manufacturing Enterprises" (hereinafter referred to as the "Guidelines").
当前，我国制造业数字化转型正由概念普及向规模化推广演进，企业“不愿转”问题初步解决，但大部分企业仍面临转型需求不明确、转型路径不清晰、转型解决方案不成熟等问题。
At present, the digital transformation of China's manufacturing industry is evolving from concept popularization to large-scale promotion, and the problem of enterprises' "unwillingness to transform" has been initially solved. However, most enterprises still face problems such as unclear transformation needs, unclear transformation paths, and immature transformation solutions.
《指南》参考借鉴了管理学经典循环管理理论PDCA（计划、执行、检查、处理），总结梳理制造业企业数字化转型的共性需求，从制定转型规划、组织落地实施、开展成效评估、推进迭代优化等四个方面提出了转型路径，旨在充分激发制造业企业自身转型动能，系统性、渐进式推进数字化转型。
The "Guide" draws on PDCA (Plan, Execute, Inspect, Process), the classic cycle management theory of management, summarizes and sorts out the common needs of digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises, from formulating transformation plans, organizing implementation, carrying out effectiveness evaluation, and promoting iterative optimization. The transformation path is proposed in four aspects, aiming to fully stimulate the transformation momentum of manufacturing enterprises and systematically and gradually promote digital transformation.
《指南》提出了系统化、图谱化、标准化推进数字化转型的方法论，把“场景”这一制造业全生命周期的基本单元，作为数字化转型的突破口和供需双方协同推进数字化转型的纽带，将复杂的行业整体数字化转型问题，转化为一个个更具操作性的场景转型问题。立足制造业数字化转型“一米宽、百米深”的典型特点，把复杂的产业链以“解剖麻雀”的方式分解为若干个标准化的“一米”，也就是若干个边界清晰的场景，实现“化整为零”“化繁为简”。通过绘制重点产业链/行业数字化转型场景图谱，分场景梳理工业数据要素、知识模型、工具软件、人才技能等要素需求，形成四类要素清单（简称“一图四清单”），帮助企业明确转型目标和切入点，分析场景的效益价值。
The "Guide" puts forward a systematic, mapping, and standardized methodology to promote digital transformation. It takes "scenario", the basic unit of the entire life cycle of the manufacturing industry, as a breakthrough in digital transformation and a link between supply and demand sides to collaboratively promote digital transformation. The overall digital transformation problem of the complex industry has been transformed into a more operational scenario transformation problem. Based on the typical characteristics of "one meter wide and one hundred meters deep" in the digital transformation of the manufacturing industry, the complex industrial chain is decomposed into several standardized "one meter" in the way of "dissecting a sparrow", that is, several scenes with clear boundaries. Realize "breaking into parts" and "simplifying complexity". By drawing the digital transformation scenario map of key industrial chains/industries, the requirements of industrial data elements, knowledge models, tools and software, talent skills and other elements are sorted out by scenario, and a list of four types of elements (referred to as "one picture and four lists") is formed to help enterprises clarify the transformation goals and entry points, and analyze the benefit value of the scenario.
具体来说，《指南》围绕研发设计、生产制造、运维服务、经营管理、供应链管理、跨环节协同等业务流程提出了六个方面的举措。
Specifically, the "Guide" proposes six measures around business processes such as R&D and design, manufacturing, operation and maintenance services, operation management, supply chain management, and cross-link collaboration.
一是强化研发设计云端协同。引导企业开展云端研发设计，按需订阅产品设计、仿真模拟等软件服务，提升产品仿真效率，降低软件运维成本。鼓励企业探索智能研发新应用，开发“人工智能+”研发设计软件，发展创成式设计、实时仿真等创新应用，加速新产品研发。
The first is to strengthen cloud collaboration in R&D and design. Guide enterprises to carry out cloud R&D and design, subscribe to software services such as product design and simulation on demand, improve product simulation efficiency and reduce software operation and maintenance costs. Encourage enterprises to explore new applications of intelligent R&D, develop "artificial intelligence +" R&D and design software, develop innovative applications such as creative design and real-time simulation, and accelerate new product research and development.
二是推动生产过程智能转型。引导企业开展生产全过程的透明化管理，鼓励部署基于工业互联网平台的订单管理、设备管理、质量管理等轻量化工业APP，提升生产过程的数字化管控能力。引导流程工业企业部署先进控制系统（APC）、实时优化控制系统（RTO），推广基于数字孪生的生产决策管控应用，引导离散工业企业实施基于模型的系统工程（MBSE），基于工业互联网平台打通设计、排程、加工、检测等数据，发展“人工智能+”外观设计、排程排产、缺陷检测等新模式。
The second is to promote the intelligent transformation of the production process. Guide enterprises to carry out transparent management of the entire production process, encourage the deployment of lightweight industrial apps such as order management, equipment management, and quality management based on the industrial Internet platform, and improve the digital management and control capabilities of the production process. Guide process industry enterprises to deploy advanced control systems (APC) and real-time optimization control systems (RTO), promote production decision-making management and control applications based on digital twins, guide discrete industrial enterprises to implement model-based system engineering (MBSE), and open up design, scheduling, processing, testing and other data based on the industrial Internet platform, and develop new models such as "artificial intelligence +" design, scheduling and production scheduling, and defect detection.
三是加速运维服务模式创新。引导企业在客户管理、售后服务等领域率先应用生成式人工智能技术，降低服务成本、提高服务效率。鼓励企业开展存量设备管理优化，实时采集分析设备运行数据，探索推动人工智能在设备运维场景落地，开发即时监测、运行优化、自动告警和预测性维护等应用，保障设备的高效运行和安全稳定。
The third is to accelerate the innovation of operation and maintenance service models. Guide enterprises to take the lead in applying generative artificial intelligence technology in customer management, after-sales service and other fields to reduce service costs and improve service efficiency. Encourage enterprises to optimize the management of existing equipment, collect and analyze equipment operation data in real time, explore and promote the implementation of artificial intelligence in equipment operation and maintenance scenarios, and develop applications such as real-time monitoring, operation optimization, automatic alarms and predictive maintenance to ensure the efficient operation, safety and stability of equipment.
四是促进经营管理流程优化。引导集团型企业建设统一的经营管理平台，开展端到端的流程重构和组织优化，实现基于平台的跨层级、跨企业协同管理。引导企业基于人工智能、大数据等技术重构和集成商业智能（BI），通过办公自动化（OA）、企业资源计划（ERP）、客户关系管理（CRM）等不同业务信息系统，实现基于模型的智能决策。
The fourth is to promote the optimization of operation and management processes. Guide group enterprises to build a unified operation and management platform, carry out end-to-end process reengineering and organizational optimization, and realize cross-level and cross-enterprise collaborative management based on the platform. Guide enterprises to reconstruct and integrate business intelligence (BI) based on artificial intelligence, big data and other technologies, and realize model-based intelligent decision-making through different business information systems such as office automation (OA), enterprise resource planning (ERP) and customer relationship management (CRM).
五是提升供应链弹性和韧性。引导企业构建基于工业互联网平台的多级供应商采购管理系统，基于模型优化供应资源结构，保障供应持续稳定。利用大数据建模构建供应链风险预测分析和评估诊断模型，基于模型对供应链风险精准识别和应急防控。
The fifth is to improve the flexibility and resilience of the supply chain. Guide enterprises to build a multi-level supplier procurement management system based on the industrial Internet platform, optimize the supply resource structure based on the model, and ensure sustained and stable supply. Big data modeling is used to build a supply chain risk prediction analysis and evaluation diagnosis model, and supply chain risks are accurately identified and emergency prevention and control based on the model.
六是探索跨场景集成优化。引导行业龙头企业绘制重点产业链、重点行业数字化转型场景图谱，推动产业链环节的模块化表达，引导企业开展跨场景数据、模型流转应用探索，带动上下游工具打通、数据互连、模型互认，实现跨场景环节的协同优化。引导企业开展产品全生命周期管理，构建基于模型的系统工程方法开展需求、设计、分析、验证等集成管理，提高产品设计、生产、运维一体化管理水平。
The sixth is to explore cross-scenario integration optimization. Guide industry leading enterprises to draw digital transformation scenario maps of key industrial chains and key industries, promote the modular expression of industrial chain links, guide enterprises to carry out cross-scenario data and model circulation application exploration, and drive upstream and downstream tools, data interconnection, and model mutual recognition, so as to achieve collaborative optimization across scenarios. Guide enterprises to carry out product life cycle management, build a model-based system engineering method to carry out integrated management of requirements, design, analysis and verification, and improve the integrated management level of product design, production, operation and maintenance.
《指南》根据制造业企业数字化基础、企业规模等差异化特点，将企业大致划分为行业龙头企业、大型企业和中小企业三类，并针对不同的企业主体提出诸多差异化转型策略。
According to the differentiated characteristics of manufacturing enterprises such as digital foundation and enterprise scale, the Guide roughly divides enterprises into three categories: industry leading enterprises, large enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises, and proposes many differentiated transformation strategies for different enterprise entities.
行业龙头企业数字化基础较好，企业内部具有相对成熟的数字化转型经验，下一阶段转型重点在于提高产业链协作效率和供应链一体化协同水平，巩固其市场主导地位。龙头企业可以构建面向行业/产业集群的工业互联网平台，打造贯通工具链、数据链、模型链的数字底座，营造开放共享的产业转型生态体系，提升制造资源配置效率，增强产业链供应链韧性和风险防范能力。
Leading enterprises in the industry have a good digital foundation and relatively mature digital transformation experience within the enterprise. The focus of the next stage of transformation is to improve the efficiency of industrial chain collaboration and the level of supply chain integration collaboration, and consolidate their market dominance. Leading enterprises can build an industrial Internet platform for industries/industrial clusters, build a digital base that connects tool chains, data chains, and model chains, create an open and shared industrial transformation ecosystem, improve the efficiency of manufacturing resource allocation, and enhance the resilience and risk prevention capabilities of industrial chains and supply chains.
大型企业数字化转型重点在于整合现有数字化基础能力，以系统性思维制定整体转型规划，通过建设工业互联网平台提升数据采集、知识沉淀、业务打通、生态搭建等能力，推进企业内部全流程、全场景、全链条数字化转型，实现数据驱动的智能生产决策和运营深度优化。
The digital transformation of large enterprises focuses on integrating existing digital basic capabilities, formulating overall transformation plans with systematic thinking, improving data collection, knowledge accumulation, business integration, ecological construction and other capabilities through the construction of industrial Internet platforms, and promoting the full process, full scenario and full chain digital transformation within the enterprise to achieve data-driven intelligent production decision-making and in-depth optimization of operations.
中小企业数字化基础薄弱，缺乏整体转型能力，应坚持因“企”制宜、重点突破，评估转型潜在价值和可行性，明确转型优先级。专精特新“小巨人”企业可向产品数字孪生、设计制造一体化等更为复杂的场景开展改造。专精特新中小企业和规上工业中小企业以核心场景为突破口，实施深度改造升级。小微企业结合自身资源条件，开展普惠性上云用数赋智，实现业务系统向云端迁移，提升企业经营水平。
Small and medium-sized enterprises have a weak digital foundation and lack overall transformation capabilities. They should insist on adapting to "enterprise" conditions and making key breakthroughs, evaluate the potential value and feasibility of transformation, and clarify transformation priorities. Specialized and new "little giant" enterprises can transform into more complex scenarios such as product digital twins and integration of design and manufacturing. Specialized, special and new small and medium-sized enterprises and small and medium-sized industrial enterprises above designated size use core scenarios as breakthroughs to implement in-depth transformation and upgrading. Small and micro enterprises combine their own resource conditions to carry out inclusive cloud migration and use data to empower intelligence, realize the migration of business systems to the cloud, and improve the management level of enterprises.
《指南》提出，强化部地协同，引导地方结合实际出台配套政策，打好政策“组合拳”；推动金融机构创新金融产品和服务，加大对制造业企业数字化转型的支持力度；编制制造业数字化转型标准体系；培育标准化、低成本、可复用的解决方案，建设服务商资源池；树立数字化转型企业标杆，培育一批“数字领航”企业，制定发布重点行业/产业链数字化转型场景图谱参考指引，遴选一批数字化通用工具和产品；鼓励建设高质量工业数据语料库，推进国家工业互联网大数据中心建设和产品主数据标准建设；健全工业企业网络安全管理制度，深入实施工业互联网安全分类分级管理，构建工控安全评估体系；开展全面数字素养技能提升行动，健全数字化转型领域人才评价机制，营造良好的人才发展环境。
The "Guide" proposes to strengthen the coordination between ministries and governments, guide local governments to introduce supporting policies based on actual conditions, and make a good policy "combination boxing"; Promote financial institutions to innovate financial products and services, and increase support for the digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises; Prepare a standard system for digital transformation of manufacturing industry; Cultivate standardized, low-cost and reusable solutions and build a service provider resource pool; Establish a benchmark for digital transformation enterprises, cultivate a group of "digital pilot" enterprises, formulate and publish reference guidelines for digital transformation scenario maps of key industries/industrial chains, and select a group of digital general tools and products; Encourage the construction of high-quality industrial data corpus and promote the construction of national industrial Internet big data centers and product master data standards; Improve the network security management system of industrial enterprises, thoroughly implement the classified and hierarchical management of industrial Internet security, and build an industrial control security assessment system; Carry out comprehensive digital literacy skills improvement actions, improve the talent evaluation mechanism in the field of digital transformation, and create a good talent development environment.
