高考志愿填报参考：这些专业就业好、收入高
Reference for the College Entrance Examination Volunteers Application: These majors have good employment prospects and high incomes
2025年高考志愿填报季已然来临，面对上千个专业选择，考生和家长往往陷入迷茫。
The 2025 college entrance examination volunteer application season has arrived. Faced with thousands of professional choices, candidates and parents are often feel confused.
日前，麦可思发布了2025年版就业蓝皮书(包括《2025年中国本科生就业报告》《2025年中国高职生就业报告》)。今天，我们就结合就业蓝皮书中的绿牌专业榜及10大高薪专业榜，提炼和分析这些优质、高薪专业的核心特征，为考生的专业选择提供借鉴与参考。
Recently, Michaels released the 2025 version of the Employment Blue Book (including the 2025 Employment Report of Chinese Undergraduates and the 2025 Employment Report of Chinese Higher Vocational Students). Today, we will combine and analyze the core characteristics of these high-quality and high-paying majors by combining the list of green card majors and the list of top 10 high-paying majors in the Blue Book of Employment, so as to provide reference for candidates' major choices.
一、绿牌专业：就业市场的 “绩优股”
1. Green Card Major : The "blue chip stocks" in the Employment market
绿牌专业的评选标准为就业落实率、薪资水平、就业满意度 “三高”，且市场需求增长的专业。
The selection criteria of green card majors are the majors with "three highs" of high employment implementation rate, high salary level and high employment satisfaction, and the market demand is growing.
2025 年本科绿牌专业全部为工科，包括电气工程及其自动化、微电子科学与工程、机械电子工程、新能源科学与工程、车辆工程、机器人工程等专业。
In 2025, all undergraduate green card majors are engineering majors, including majors such as electrical engineering and automation, microelectronics science and engineering, mechanical and electronic engineering, new energy science and engineering, vehicle engineering, robotics engineering and other majors.
2025年高职绿牌专业包括：铁道机车运用与维护、电气自动化技术、应用化工技术、工业机器人技术、新能源汽车技术、智能控制技术，多为装备制造大类专业。
The green card majors in higher vocational education in 2025 include: railway locomotive operation and maintenance, electrical automation technology, applied chemical technology, industrial robot technology, new energy vehicle technology, and intelligent control technology, most of which are equipment manufacturing majors.
从近五年高职绿牌专业榜单来看，铁道机车上榜4次;应用化工技术、道路桥梁工程技术、铁道工程技术均上榜3次;工业机器人技术、铁道机车运用与维护均为首次上榜。
Looking at the list of green card majors in higher vocational colleges in recent five years, railway locomotives have been on the list four times; Applied chemical technology, road and bridge engineering technology and railway engineering technology have all been listed three times; Industrial robot technology, railway locomotive operation and maintenance are all on the list for the first time.
无论是本科绿牌专业，还是高职绿牌专业，这些专业都呈现了以下三个特征：
Whether it is an undergraduate green card majors or a higher vocational education, these majors all present the following three characteristics:
1、国家战略强关联
1. Strong Association with National Strategies
微电子科学与工程、机器人工程等专业直接服务于 “芯片自主”“智能制造” 等国家战略，科研经费与产业投资密集。例如，2024届微电子科学与工程专业毕业生主要从事集成电路工程技术人员岗位，平均月收入达 7282 元，位列本科高薪专业第 2 位。
Microelectronics science and engineering, robotics engineering and other majors directly serve national strategies such as "independent Chips" and "intelligent manufacturing", and scientific research funds and industrial investment are intensive. For example, the graduates majoring in microelectronics science and engineering in the 2024 are mainly engaged in integrated circuit engineering technician positions, with an average monthly income of 7,282 yuan, ranking second among the highly paid undergraduate majors.
新能源科学与工程专业则紧密对接 “碳中和” 目标。近年来，绿牌榜单中能源动力类专业持续霸榜，体现政策红利下的人才需求刚性。铁道机车、工业机器人、石油化工技术等高职绿牌专业，也都紧密对接“交通强国”“智能制造”“新能源”等国家战略方向。2、产业升级主阵地
The new energy science and engineering majors are closely aligned with the goal of "carbon neutrality". In recent years, energy and power category have continued to dominate the green card list, reflecting the rigid demand for talents under the policy dividend. The Green brand majors in higher vocational colleges such as railway locomotives, industrial robots, and petrochemical technology are also closely connected with national strategic directions such as "powerful transportation nation", "intelligent manufacturing" and "new energy". 2. The main position of industrial upgrading
电气工程及其自动化、车辆工程等传统工科通过智能化升级焕发新生。以车辆工程为例，作为 2025 年新晋绿牌专业，其与新能源汽车产业深度融合，2024届机械电子工程专业(含车辆工程相关方向)月收入 7018 元，位列本科高薪专业第 10 位。
Traditional engineering disciplines such as electrical engineering, automation and vehicle engineering have been rejuvenated through intelligent upgrades. Taking vehicle engineering as an example, as a newly added green card major in 2025, it is deeply integrated with the new energy vehicle industry. The monthly income of the mechanical and electronic engineering major in 2024 (including vehicle engineering-related directions) is 7,018 yuan, ranking 10th among the highly paid undergraduate majors.
智能控制、铁道工程技术、新能源汽车技术等高职绿牌专业，则紧密围绕产业升级需求，形成了对先进制造业、现代交通体系及绿色经济的全方位支撑。
The Green card majors in higher vocational colleges, such as intelligent control, railway engineering technology, and new energy vehicle technology, closely focus on the needs of industrial upgrading, forming an all-round support for advanced manufacturing, modern transportation systems and the green economy.
3、就业质量强优势从就业质量来看，这些绿牌专业在就业市场中展现出强劲的竞争力，呈现出“高薪资、强匹配、高满意度”的特征。
3. Advantages of strong employment quality From the perspective of employment quality, these green card majors show strong competitiveness in the employment market, presenting the characteristics of "high salary, strong matching and high satisfaction".
2025年的本科绿牌专业均为本科生毕业半年后平均月收入排前40位的专业。其中，2024届微电子科学与工程专业的平均月收入高达7282元，位列本科高薪专业的第2位;2024届机械电子工程专业的平均月收入为7018元，位列本科高薪专业的第10位。
The undergraduate green card majors in 2025 are all among the top 40 majors in terms of the average monthly income half a year after undergraduates. Among them, the average monthly income of the microelectronics science and engineering major in 2024 is as high as 7,282 yuan, ranking second among the highly paid undergraduate majors; The average monthly income of the mechanical and electronic engineering major in 2024 is 7,018 yuan, ranking 10th among the highly salary majors for undergraduate majors.
2025年的高职绿牌专业均为高职生毕业半年后平均月收入排前30位的专业。其中，2024届铁道机车运用与维护专业的平均月收入为5926元，就业满意度为85%，工作与专业相关度为84%。
The green card majors for higher vocational education in 2025 are all among the top 30 majors with average monthly income six months after graduation of higher vocational students. Among them, the average monthly income of the 2024 railway locomotive operation and maintenance major is 5,926 yuan, the employment satisfaction rate is 85%, and the relevance between work and major is 84%.
二、高薪专业：薪资赛道的 “领跑者”
2. High salary majors: the "leader" of the salary track
根据就业蓝皮书数据，2025年月收入较高的10个本科专业分别为：信息安全(7599元)、微电子科学与工程(7282元)、电子科学与技术(7215元)、自动化(7108元)、软件工程(7092元)、材料成型及控制工程(7077元)、光电信息科学与工程(7076元)、电子信息科学与技术(7058元)、机械设计制造及其自动化(7051元)、机械电子工程(7018元)，其月收入均远超本科平均水平(6199元)。本科高薪前十专业全部为工学。
According to the data from the Employment Blue Book, the 10 undergraduate majors with relatively higher monthly income in 2025 are: information security (7,599 yuan), microelectronics science and engineering (7,282 yuan), electronic science and technology (7,215 yuan), automation (7,108 yuan), software engineering (7,092 yuan), material molding and control engineering (7,077 yuan), optoelectronic information science and engineering (7,076 yuan), electronic information science and technology (7,058 yuan), mechanical design, manufacturing and automation (7,051 yuan), and mechanical and electronic engineering (7,018 yuan). The top ten majors with high paying undergraduate courses are all engineering.
麦可思同时也对这10个本科专业的就业质量进行了深度分析——工作与专业相关度、就业满意度以及毕业生毕业半年后主要从事的职业(前3位)。具体如下：
At the same time, Michaels also conducted an in-depth analysis of the employment quality of these 10 undergraduate majors-the relevance between jobs and majors, employment satisfaction, and the main occupations of graduates half a year after graduation (the top 3). The details are as follows:
这些专业的核心特征如下：
The core characteristics of these majors are as follows:
1、技术及知识壁垒高
1. High technical and knowledge barriers
信息安全、微电子科学与工程等专业要求强数理逻辑与工程实践能力。例如，信息安全专业 2024 届月收入 7599 元，位列第一，毕业生主要从事网络安全测试与分析，工作与专业相关度 69%，需持续学习应对技术迭代。2、产业升级强驱动电子科学与技术、自动化等专业受益于高端制造与信息技术产业的迭代升级。2024 届自动化专业月收入 7108 元，毕业生多从事电气工程技术人员岗位，就业量较大的智能制造领域薪资竞争力显著。
Majors such as information security and microelectronics science and engineering require strong mathematical logic and engineering practice ability. For example, the monthly income of the information security major in 2024 is 7,599 yuan, ranking first. Graduates are mainly engaged in network security testing and analysis. The correlation between work and major is 69%, and they need to continue to learn to cope with technological iterations. 2. Industrial upgrading strongly drives electronic science and technology, automation and other majors to benefit from the iterative upgrading of high-end manufacturing and information technology industries. The monthly income of the automation major in 2024 is 7,108 yuan. Graduates are mostly engaged in electrical engineering technician positions. The salary competitiveness in the intelligent manufacturing field with a large employment volume is remarkable.
3、跨学科交叉融合
3. Interdisciplinary integration
如光电信息科学与工程融合光学、电子学与计算机技术，2024 届月收入 7076 元，毕业生可同时涉足集成电路与光通信领域，就业面宽。
For example, optoelectronic information science and engineering integrate optics, electronics and computer technology. The monthly income of the class of 2024 is 7,076 yuan. Graduates can get involved in the fields of integrated circuits and optical communications at the same time, and have wide employment opportunities.
三、专业选择：兴趣能力与行业趋势的平衡
3. Major selection: balancing between interest abilities and industry trends
需要提醒考生的是，工学类专业普遍对数学、物理要求较高。以软件工程为例，2024 届月收入 7092 元，但需具备较强的逻辑思维，编程能力是关键。因此，在进行专业选择时，要避免盲目追逐薪资，兴趣和擅长领域是更重要的因素，可通过职业兴趣测试工具或基于对自己兴趣、能力的了解，判断是否适合该学科的学习。
Candidates should be need to be reminded that engineering majors generally have higher requirements for mathematics and physics. Taking software engineering as an example, the monthly income of the class of 2024 is 7,092 yuan, but strong logical thinking is required, and programming ability is the key. Therefore, when choosing a major, it is necessary to avoid blindly chasing salary. Interests and areas of expertise are more important factors. You can judge whether you are suitable for studying this subject through career interest test tools or based on your understanding of your own interests and abilities.
此外，要通过对行业趋势的研判，把握政策与产业发展脉搏。从宏观趋势观察，与国家战略布局高度契合，深度融入新能源、智能制造等新兴产业赛道的专业，普遍展现出更强的就业竞争力与可持续发展势能，考生在了解自身兴趣能力的前提下，可以重点考虑。如：芯片与信息技术：微电子科学与工程、信息安全等专业连续多年上榜绿牌与高薪榜，国家 “十四五” 规划中集成电路产业规模年复合增长率超 20%，人才缺口超 20 万人。新能源与碳中和：新能源科学与工程、自动化(能源方向)等专业受益于光伏、储能产业爆发，2024 届工学毕业生月收入 6841 元，连续三年领跑各学科。智能制造与机器人：机械电子工程、机器人工程等专业契合 “中国制造 2025”，工业机器人安装调试岗位需求年增 30%，2024 届机器人工程专业毕业生平均起薪超 7000 元。此外，需要特别提醒的是，要警惕产业迭代风险的预警。传统计算机类专业(如软件工程)近三年退出绿牌榜，需关注细分领域专业的迭代升级。例如，软件工程与人工智能结合的 “智能软件” 方向，薪资涨幅比传统开发高 15%。
In addition, it is necessary to judge the pulse of policy and industrial development through the research and judgment of industry trends. From the macro trend observation, majors that are highly consistent with the national strategic layout and deeply integrated into emerging industries such as new energy and intelligent manufacturing generally show stronger employment competitiveness and sustainable development potential. Candidates can focus on the premise of understanding their own interests and abilities. Such as: chip and information technology: microelectronics science and engineering, information security and other majors have been on the green card and high-salary list for many consecutive years. In the national "14th Five-Year Plan", the compound annual growth rate of the integrated circuit industry scale exceeds 20%, and the talent gap exceeds 200,000 people. New energy and carbon neutrality: New energy science and engineering, automation (energy direction) and other majors have benefited from the explosion of photovoltaic and energy storage industries. The monthly income of engineering graduates in 2024 is 6,841 yuan, leading all disciplines for three consecutive years. Intelligent manufacturing and robotics: Mechanical and electronic engineering, robot engineering and other majors are in line with "Made in China 2025". The demand for industrial robot installation and commissioning positions is increasing by 30% annually. The average starting salary of robot engineering graduates in 2024 exceeds 7,000 yuan. In addition, it needs special reminder that we should be alert to the early warning of industrial iteration risks. Traditional computer majors (such as software engineering) have withdrawn from the green card list in the past three years, so we need to pay attention to the iterative upgrade of majors in subdivided fields. For example, in the direction of "intelligent software", which combines software engineering with artificial intelligence, the salary increase is 15% higher than that of traditional development.
四、院校选择：专业实力与地域资源的协同
4. College selection: synergy between professional major strength and regional resources
从院校选择的维度来看，则需注意院校的专业实力与地域资源的匹配与协同。“双一流” 与特色院校并举：双一流高校在科研资源上占优，如清华大学微电子科学与工程，依托国家集成电路产教融合创新平台，毕业生深造率超 60%。地方特色院校侧重应用培养，如南京邮电大学信息安全专业，与华为、中兴共建实验室，毕业生在长三角 IT 企业就业率达 78%。
From the perspective of institution selection, it is necessary to pay attention to the matching and synergy between the professional strength of institutions and regional resources. "Double first-class" and characteristic universities are developed simultaneously: Double first-class universities are superior in scientific research resources, such as Tsinghua University Microelectronics Science and Engineering. Relying on the national integrated circuit industry-education integration innovation platform, the graduates' further study rate exceeds 60%. Local characteristic colleges focus on applied training, such as information security major of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, and jointly build laboratories with Huawei and ZTE. The employment rate of graduates in IT enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta reaches 78%.
地域产业联动效应：选择与院校所在地产业匹配的专业，如珠三角的东莞理工学院毗邻松山湖半导体产业园，其优势专业微电子科学与工程实习留用率超 40%;武汉的湖北工业大学依托光谷智能制造产业集群，其优势专业自动化毕业生起薪高于同类院校平均水平 8%。据阳光高考网数据，高薪专业推荐指数较高的本科院校整理如下：
Regional industrial linkage effect: choose the major that matches the industry where the institution is located. For example, Dongguan Institute of Technology in the Pearl River Delta is adjacent to Songshan Lake Semiconductor Industrial Park, and its advantageous major microelectronics science and engineering internship retention rate exceeds 40%; Hubei University of Technology in Wuhan relies on the Optics Valley Intelligent Manufacturing Industry Cluster, and its starting salary of automation graduates with advantageous majors is 8% higher than the average level of similar colleges. According to the data of Sunshine College Entrance Examination Network, the undergraduate institutions with relatively higher recommendation indices for high salary majors are sorted out as follows:
总之，专业选择是一场 “精准匹配” 的战役，要将个人能力特质与社会需求进行动态匹配。绿牌与高薪专业的价值，不在于提供 “标准答案”，而在于揭示产业升级与技术变革的底层逻辑及发展趋势。
In short, professional choice is a battle of "precise matching", which should dynamically match personal ability characteristics with social needs. The value of green card and high-paying majors lies not in providing "standard answers", but in revealing the underlying logic and development trend of industrial upgrading and technological transformation.
选择与时代同频共振的专业，方能在未来的职业赛道上保持领先。建议考生用 “显微镜” 审视自身兴趣能力，用 “望远镜” 洞察国家战略与产业趋势，在理性分析与感性热爱之间找到平衡点。
Only by choosing a major that resonates with the times can you stay ahead on the future professional track. It is suggested that candidates use a "microscope" to examine their own interest ability, use a "telescope" to gain insight into national strategies and industrial trends, and find a balance between rational analysis and perceptual love.
作者：黄卓
Author: Huang Zhuo
数据及图片来源：麦可思《2025年中国本科生就业报告》、麦可思-中国2022~2024届大学毕业生培养质量跟踪评价、阳光高考网、澎湃新闻等。
Data and picture sources: Michaels "2025 China Undergraduate Employment Report", Michaels-China 2022 ~ 2024 University Graduate Training Quality Tracking Evaluation, Sunshine College Entrance Examination Network, The Paper, etc.
