2022年我国将新设立一批国家公园
A batch of new national parks will be set up in China in 2022
核心阅读
core reading
5月22日是国际生物多样性日，今年的主题为“共建地球生命共同体”。
May 22 is the International Biodiversity Day, and this year's theme is "Building a Community of Life on Earth."
生物多样性关系人类福祉，是人类赖以生存和发展的重要基础。党的十八大以来，我国持续加强珍稀濒危野生动植物及其栖息地拯救保护，生物多样性更加丰富。
Biodiversity is vital to human well-being and an important basis for human survival and development. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, China has continued to strengthen the rescue and protection of rare and endangered wild animals and plants and their habitats, and biodiversity has become more abundant.
大熊猫野生种群增至1864只，朱鹮野外种群数量超过6000只，藏羚羊野外种群恢复到30万只以上……记者22日从国家林业和草原局获悉：党的十八大以来，我国持续加强珍稀濒危野生动植物及其栖息地拯救保护，大量珍贵濒危野生动植物种群实现恢复性增长，国家重点野生动植物保护率提高到74%，生物多样性更加丰富。
The wild population of giant pandas has increased to 1,864, the wild population of crested ibis has exceeded 6,000, and the wild population of Tibetan antelope has recovered to over 300,000... Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), China has stepped up efforts to save and protect rare and endangered wild plants and their habitats. A large number of rare and endangered wild plants and animals have recovered, the protection rate of key national wildlife and animals has increased to 74 percent, and biodiversity has become more diverse, the National Forestry and Grassland Administration said Tuesday.
更加丰富
More Rich
300多种珍稀濒危野生动植物野外种群数量稳中有升
More than 300 kinds of rare and endangered wild animals and plants have increased steadily in the wild
近年来，我国系统实施濒危物种拯救工程，采取就地保护、迁地保护、放归（回归）自然、人工繁育（培植）等措施，有效保护了90%的典型陆地生态系统类型，300多种珍稀濒危野生动植物野外种群数量稳中有升。目前，我国建有各级各类植物园近200个，收集保存了2万多个物种，占我国植物区系的2/3。野外回归珍稀濒危植物达到206种，其中112种为我国特有种。麋鹿、普氏野马曾一度在野外消失，目前通过人工繁育等方式，总数分别达近1万只和700只左右，并成功实施放归自然，重新建立了野外种群，生存区域和范围不断扩大。
In recent years, our country has systematically implemented the rescue project of endangered species, taking measures such as in situ protection, ex situ protection, releasing (returning) to nature and artificial breeding (breeding). It has effectively protected 90% of typical terrestrial ecosystem types, and the wild population numbers of more than 300 rare and endangered wild animals and plants have maintained a steady rise. At present, there are nearly 200 botanical gardens at all levels, collected and saved more than 20,000 species, accounting for 2/3 of our flora. There are 206 species of rare and endangered plants in the wild, 112 of which are unique to China. Milu deer and Przewalski's horse once disappeared in the wild. Now, through artificial breeding and other methods, the total number of milu deer and Przewalski's horse has reached about 10,000 and 700 respectively.
保持自然生态系统的原真性和完整性，有助于保护生物多样性。近年来，我国启动了以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系和国家植物园体系建设，形成了较为完整的就地保护与迁地保护相结合的生物多样性保护体系。三江源、大熊猫、东北虎豹、海南热带雨林、武夷山第一批国家公园设立，保护面积达23万平方公里，涵盖近30%的陆域国家重点保护野生动植物种类。在北京正式设立国家植物园，标志着具有中国特色、国际一流的国家植物园体系建设进入新阶段，植物多样性保护的稳定性和可靠性进一步提高。
Maintaining the authenticity and integrity of natural ecosystems contributes to the conservation of biodiversity. In recent years, China has started the construction of natural protection system and national botanical garden system with national parks as the main body, forming a relatively complete biodiversity conservation system combining in - situ conservation and ex - situ conservation. The first batch of national parks of Sanjiangyuan, Giant Panda, Northeast Tiger Leopard, Hainan Tropical Rainforest and Wuyishan Mountain have been established, with a protected area of 230,000 square kilometers, covering nearly 30% of the wild animal and plant species under national key protection in six regions. The official establishment of the National Botanical Garden in Beijing marks a new stage in the construction of a world - class national botanical garden system with China characteristics, and the stability and reliability of plant diversity protection have been further improved.
同时，我国深入开展一系列制度建设和执法打击行动，全面禁止野生动植物非法交易，持续加大生物多样性保护力度。野生动植物保护制度体系更加健全，修订野生动物保护法，调整发布了《国家重点保护野生动物名录》和《国家重点保护野生植物名录》，制定并实施相关配套管理制度。
At the same time, China has carried out a series of institutional construction and law enforcement actions to crack down on the illegal trade of wild animals and plants, and continued to strengthen the protection of biodiversity. The system of wildlife protection has been improved. The Law on Wildlife Protection has been revised, the List of Wildlife under State Protection and the List of Wild Plants under State Protection have been adjusted and released, and relevant supporting management systems have been formulated and implemented.
据介绍，下一步国家林草局将按照《国家公园等自然保护地建设及野生动植物保护重大工程建设规划（2021—2035年）》的总体目标，加快构建以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系，推进生物多样性保护。“十四五”时期，将进一步加大对大熊猫、东北虎、东北豹、亚洲象、长臂猿、雪豹、长江江豚、苏铁、兰科植物等国家重点保护野生动植物的保护力度，确保到2025年，国家重点保护陆生野生动物种数保护率达到75%，国家重点保护陆生野生植物种数保护率达到80%。
In the next step, the National Forestry and Grass Administration will accelerate the construction of a protected natural area system with national parks as the main body and promote biodiversity protection in accordance with the overall goal of the Plan for the Construction of National Parks and other protected natural Areas and Major Projects for Wildlife Protection (2021-2035), according to the report. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, efforts will be intensified to protect the giant panda, Amur tiger, northeast leopard, Asian elephant, gibbon, snow leopard, Yangtze finless porpoise, cycades, orchids and other wildlife species under state key protection, so as to ensure that by 2025, 75 percent of terrestrial wildlife species under state key protection will be protected. The conservation rate of the number of terrestrial wild plants under national key protection reached 80%.
此外，我国编制了国家公园空间布局方案，将综合考虑自然地理格局、生态功能格局、生物多样性和典型景观分布特征，遴选出50个左右的国家公园候选区，总面积约占国土陆域面积的10%，有效保护中国最具代表性的生态系统和80%以上的国家重点保护野生动植物物种及其栖息地。今年我国还将在青藏高原、黄河流域、长江流域等生态区位重要和生态功能良好的区域，新设立一批国家公园。
In addition, the spatial layout scheme of national park has been compiled, which will comprehensively consider the natural geographical pattern, ecological function pattern, biodiversity and typical landscape distribution characteristics, and select about 50 candidate areas of national park, with the total area accounting for about 10% of the land area. We will effectively protect China's most representative ecosystems and more than 80 percent of wildlife species and habitats under state key protection. This year, a number of new national parks will be established in regions with important ecological location and good ecological function, such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Yellow River basin and the Yangtze River basin.
更多努力
More effort
开展珍稀特有鱼类放流，推进自然保护地整合优化等
To carry out the release of rare and endemic fish, and promote the integration and optimization of nature reserves, etc.
22日，武汉长江江豚繁育保种技术研究中心在湖北省武汉市白鱀豚馆正式揭牌。该研究中心由武汉市、中国科学院水生生物研究所联合成立，将通过长江江豚繁殖生物学、生态学、生物声学、保护生物学等研究，持续维护并改善长江江豚繁育环境条件，着力攻克江豚饲养、繁育、保种等关键技术，为人工繁育个体最终回归长江奠定基础。
The WUHAN FINLESS PORPOISE BREEDING AND CONSERVATION TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH CENTER OFFICIALLY OPENED ITS BAIJI DOLPHIN HOUSE IN WUHAN, HUBEI PROVINCE ON Wednesday. The research center by the wuhan city to set up a joint, the Chinese Academy of Sciences institute of aquatic organisms, will pass through the Yangtze finless porpoise acoustic, conservation biology, reproductive biology, ecology, biology, such as research, continued to maintain and improve the conditions of the Yangtze finless porpoise breeding environment, strive to overcome finless porpoise key technologies, such as breeding, breeding, storage for artificial breeding individual finally return to the Yangtze river to lay the foundation.
近日，《云南省生态文明建设排头兵规划（2021—2025年）》印发，提出要实施重点物种和生态系统保护工程、亚洲象保护工程、旗舰野生动物重要栖息地保护与修复重点工程、极小种群野生植物拯救保护工程等，将生物多样性保护理念融入生态文明建设全过程。
Recently, the yunnan province vanguard of ecological civilization construction planning (2021-2025) ", and proposed to implement the key species and ecosystem protection engineering, Asian elephants protection engineering, flagship major wildlife habitat protection and restoration of key projects, a tiny species of wild plants protection engineering, such as the concept of biodiversity conservation into the whole process of ecological civilization construction.
保护生物多样性，离不开每一个人的努力。近年来，各地持续推进生物多样性保护相关工作，从动物到植物、从陆地到江河，各地生态环境持续向好，生物多样性日益丰富。
The protection of biodiversity cannot be separated from everyone's efforts. In recent years, various localities have continuously promoted biodiversity protection - related work. From animals to plants, from land to rivers, the ecological environment of various localities has continued to improve and biodiversity has become increasingly rich.
记者从中国长江三峡集团有限公司获悉，近40年，约20种、数量近1000万尾长江珍稀特有鱼类向长江放流，为长江生物多样性保护提供了有力支撑。“长江是我国重要的物种和基因宝库，孕育了丰富的鱼类资源。”三峡集团中华鲟研究所总工程师姜伟介绍，中华鲟研究所自1982年成立以来，将人工保种、繁育放流作为长江鱼类生物多样性保护的主要任务。截至目前，中华鲟研究所已成功驯养60多种长江珍稀特有鱼类，为其迁地保护奠定了技术基础；已掌握20多种长江珍稀特有鱼类的人工繁育技术，包括国家一级重点保护野生动物中华鲟、长江鲟，国家二级重点保护野生动物胭脂鱼、圆口铜鱼等。
According to the China Three Gorges Corporation Co., LTD., about 20 species of rare and endemic fish have been released into the Yangtze River in the past 40 years, providing strong support for biodiversity conservation. "The Yangtze River is an important treasure house of species and genes in China, and it harbours abundant fish resources." Jiang Wei, chief engineer of the Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute of the Three Gorges Corporation, said that since its establishment in 1982, the institute has taken artificial conservation, breeding and release of the Yangtze River's fish biodiversity protection as its main task. Up to now, the Chinese sturgeon Research Institute has successfully domesticated more than 60 species of rare and endemic fish in the Yangtze River, laying a technical foundation for their ex situ conservation. It has mastered artificial breeding techniques for more than 20 species of rare and unique fish of the Yangtze River, including Chinese sturgeon and Yangtze sturgeon under state key protection of Level 1, and Chinese mullet and cupola sinensis under state key protection of Level 2.
另一方面，栖息地环境的改善与恢复，是生物多样性改善的重要条件之一。目前，广东已建立1361个自然保护地，全省自然保护地整合优化工作稳步推进，自然保护地体系框架初步建立，生态保护格局进一步优化。同时，广东进一步加大动植物保护力度，修订发布《广东省重点保护陆生野生动物名录》，严厉打击野生动物非法交易。
On the other hand, the improvement and restoration of habitat environment is one of the important conditions for the improvement of biodiversity. At present, 1361 nature reserves have been established in Guangdong. The integration and optimization of nature reserves in Guangdong Province has been steadily promoted, the framework of nature reserve system has been preliminarily established, and the ecological protection pattern has been further optimized. At the same time, Guangdong has further strengthened the protection of animals and plants, revised and issued the List of Liusheng Wild Animals under Key Protection Guangdong Province, and severely cracked down on illegal wildlife trade.
而在湖北省宜昌市长阳土家族自治县，“一棵树”也有了博物馆。日前，一家专门的珙桐历史博物馆在长阳开馆，博物馆里有近千张图片资料和近百万字文字资料，展现了百余年来珙桐生长、繁衍、迁徙的历史。据介绍，珙桐又名“鸽子树”，是国家一级重点保护野生植物。
And in Changyang Tujia Autonomous County, Yichang city, Hubei Province, "One Tree" also has a museum. Recently, a dedicated Davidia involucrate History Museum has opened in Changyang, with nearly 1,000 pictures and nearly one million Chinese characters, showing the growth, reproduction and migration of davidia involucrate over the past 100 years. According to the introduction, davidia involucrate, also known as "dove tree", is a national priority protection of wild plants.
更多发现
Discover more
新发布的中国生物物种名录，新增10343个物种及种下单元
Newly released list of biological species in China, with 10343 new species and subspecies units
生物物种是大自然中最重要的分类单元。要实现更高效的保护，摸清家底很重要。22日，中国科学院生物多样性委员会在线发布了《中国生物物种名录》2022版，较2021版新增10343个物种及种下单元——这项工作，已经持续了10余年。
Species are the most important taxa in nature. To achieve more efficient protection, it is important to find out the bottom line. On Tuesday, the Commission on Biodiversity of the China Academy of Sciences released the 2022 edition of the Catalogue of Biological Species of China online, adding 10343 species and subspecies units compared with the 2021 edition. This work has been going on for more than 10 years.
2008年开始，为了摸清中国生物多样性的家底，中国科学院生物多样性委员会组织国内200多位专家，全面系统地收集整理公开发表的中国生物物种数据，每条数据都由分类学专家审定确认，最终汇编成《中国生物物种名录》，每年以年度名录的形式发布。
Since 2008, in order to find out the bottom of China's biodiversity, the Biodiversity Committee of the Chinese Academy of Sciences organized more than 200 experts in China to comprehensively and systematically collect and sort out the published data of Chinese biological species. Each data was examined and confirmed by taxonomic experts, and finally compiled into the Catalogue of Biological Species of China, which was published in the form of annual catalogue every year.
据介绍，2022版名录由中国科学院动物研究所牵头，联合中国科学院植物研究所、中国科学院微生物研究所、中国科学院成都生物所、中国科学院海洋研究所等多家单位分类学专家完成。共收录物种及种下单元138293个，其中物种125034个，种下单元13259个。
According to the introduction, the 2022 edition of the list is led by the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with taxonomic experts from the Institute of Botany, the Institute of Microbiology, the Chengdu Institute of Biology, the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and other units. A total of 138293 species and planted units were included, including 125034 species and 13259 planted units.
《中国生物物种名录》不断更新的数据，也是近年来我国学者在生物多样性保护研究中不断取得新进展、新突破的一个缩影。值得一提的是，2021年度中国学者在菌物分类学研究中取得了令人瞩目的成果，380位中国学者参与发表了1124个菌物新名称，占全球新名称总数的近1/3。
The updated data from the List of Biological Species of China is also a microcosm of the new progress and breakthrough made by Chinese scholars in biodiversity conservation research in recent years. It is worth mentioning that in 2021, Chinese scholars made remarkable achievements in bacterial taxonomy research. 380 Chinese scholars participated in the publication of 1,124 new names of fungi, accounting for nearly 1/3 of the total number of new names in the world.
“生物物种名录是认识生物多样性的基础数据，只有本底清楚了，才有可能更好地进行研究、保护及相关的决策。”中国科学院生物多样性委员会相关负责人表示，中国是唯一一个每年都发布生物物种名录的国家，中国生物物种名录自发布以来，已经被广泛采用。
"The biological species list is the basic data for understanding biodiversity. Only when the background is clear can it be possible to better carry out research, protection and relevant decision - making." China is the only country to publish a list of biological species every year, and the list has been widely used since it was released, according to the head of the Biodiversity Committee of the China Academy of Sciences.
据统计，从2018年至今，中国生物物种名录在线物种页面访问量超过1000万次，支撑了一系列生物多样性相关的科学研究、保护决策及科学普及工作，对支持国家履行联合国《生物多样性公约》等相关国际公约具有重要意义。
According to statistics, since 2018, the online species page of China's Biological Species List has been visited more than 10 million times, supporting a series of biodiversity - related scientific research, conservation decision - making and scientific popularization, which is of great significance for supporting the implementation of relevant international conventions such as the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity.
（综合本报记者寇江泽、吴月辉、王浩、范昊天、强郁文、叶传增、洪秋婷报道）
(Comprehensive reports by our reporters Kou Jiangze, Wu Yuehui, Wang Hao, Fan Haotian, Qiang Yuwen, Ye Chuanzeng and Hong Qiuting)
《 人民日报 》（ 2022年05月23日 15 版）
People's Daily (May 23,2022, 15th Edition)
