“千年古渡”觅乡愁
Searching for Homesickness in "Millennium Ancient Crossing"
这是位于潮白河畔的小辛码头村（无人机照片，6月29日摄）。除标注外照片均由新华社记者赵子硕摄
This is Xiaoxin dock Village on the Bank of Chaobai River (photo of drone, taken on June 29). The photos were taken by Zhao zishuo, a reporter of Xinhua news agency
来源：8月12日《新华每日电讯》
Source: Xinhua Daily Telegraph, August 12
作者：新华每日电讯记者王明浩、邵香云、黄江林
Authors: Xinhua Daily Telegraph reporter Wang Minghao, Shao Xiangyun, Huang Jianglin
听说天津宝坻区黄庄镇的小辛码头村，建画里乡村，留梦里乡愁，让纷至沓来的访客流连忘返。记者带着好奇，一路探访。
I heard that Xiaoxin Wharf Village, Huangzhuang Town, Baodi District, Tianjin, built a village in paintings and left homesickness in dreams, which made visitors linger. The reporter visited all the way with curiosity.
盛夏的清晨，潮白河畔草木葱茏，水清岸绿，空气中弥漫着淡淡的青草味。站在千米桥上远眺，阳光透过薄雾轻轻洒落，宽阔的河面泛起粼粼金光，与蓝天、绿树相辉映，伴有白鹭翩跹，宛如一幅诗意画卷。
In the early morning of midsummer, the Chaobai River is verdant, the water is clear and the bank is green, and the air is filled with a faint smell of green grass. Standing on the kilometer bridge, you can see the sunlight gently falling through the mist. The broad river surface is sparkling with golden light, which is reflected by the blue sky and green trees, accompanied by the dancing of egrets, just like a poetic painting
这是位于天津市宝坻区黄庄镇小辛码头村的一户农家院（6月28日摄）。
This is a farmhouse located in Xiaoxin Wharf Village, Huangzhuang Town, Baodi District, Tianjin (photo taken on June 28th).
从桥上下来，沿潮白河左堤路向西北前行，约莫6公里后驶入岔口，穿过“九河漕运”的牌坊，眼前稻田环绕、荷花满塘，耳边蝉鸣声不断。不远处，大红灯笼点缀着一排排青砖灰瓦的农家院。三三两两的游客，或漫步赏景，或拍照留念。
Get off the bridge, go northwest along the left embankment road of Chaobai River, drive into the fork after about 6 kilometers, and pass through the memorial archway of "Jiuhe water transport". You can see the rice fields surrounded by the lotus, and the cicadas ringing in your ears. Not far away, the red lanterns are dotted with rows of green brick and grey tile farmhouses. Tourists in twos and threes, or stroll to enjoy the scenery, or take photos.
“这里就是小辛码头村了。”在村口等候的村民李超迎上前，把我们领进他新开张的农家院。院子里搭有凉亭，种有花草，摆放着石磨盘。不少游客已经落座，一边聊着天，一边等着吃早饭。
"This is Xiaoxin Wharf Village." Li Chao, a villager waiting at the entrance of the village, stepped forward and led us into his newly opened farmhouse. There are pavilions, flowers and plants and stone millstones in the yard. Many tourists have taken their seats, chatting and waiting for breakfast.
游客在天津市宝坻区黄庄镇小辛码头村街巷内游玩（6月29日摄）。
Tourists play in the streets and lanes of Xiaoxin Wharf Village, Huangzhuang Town, Baodi District, Tianjin (photo taken on June 29th).
回乡创业8年，“90后”小伙李超接连开了5个农家院，最多可容纳100多人吃住，一年下来收入六七十万元。今年，奥密克戎突袭天津，农家院一度暂停接待，可李超没闲着。“我腾出工夫对院子进行了改造，投资70多万元，现已营业。”
After returning to his hometown to start a business for 8 years, Li Chao, a "post-90s" young man, opened five farmhouses in succession, which can accommodate more than 100 people, and the annual income is 6.7 million yuan. This year, Omicron raided Tianjin, and the farmhouse temporarily suspended reception, but Li Chao was not idle. "I made time to renovate the yard, invested more than 700000 yuan, and now it is open."
李超追加投资的底气从哪里来？“看好乡村振兴好政策，看好我们村独特的自然、人文和历史风貌，看好这些年村里打下的基础。”
Where does Li Chao's confidence in additional investment come from? "Optimistic about the rural revitalization policy, optimistic about the unique natural, humanistic and historical features of our village, and optimistic about the foundation laid by the village in these years."
这是位于天津市宝坻区黄庄镇小辛码头村的袁公井景点（6月28日摄）。
This is Yuangongjing scenic spot located in Xiaoxin Wharf Village, Huangzhuang Town, Baodi District, Tianjin (photo taken on June 28th).
紧邻潮白河的小辛码头村，1000多年前，曾是辽国的运粮码头，村内至今保留着古码头遗址，有“千年古渡”之称。明朝万历年间，时任宝坻知县袁黄，号了凡，在这里南稻北引、劝农插秧，扬起“鱼米之乡”美名。新中国成立以后，这里“鱼米之乡”的优势得到进一步巩固。
Xiaoxin Wharf Village, which is close to Chaobai River, was once the grain wharf of Liao country more than 1,000 years ago. The ancient wharf ruins are still preserved in the village, which is known as the "Millennium Ancient Ferry". During the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty, Yuan Huang, then the magistrate of Baodi County, was named Fan, where rice was introduced from the south to the north, and farmers were advised to transplant rice seedlings, thus raising the reputation of "land of fish and rice". After the founding of New China, the advantages of the "land of fish and rice" here have been further consolidated.
“米袋子”不成问题，怎么让村民“钱袋子”也鼓起来？村党支部没少想辙。54岁的小辛码头村党支部书记、村委会主任洪奉国说，村干部到北京延庆、天津蓟州等地观摩交流后，感到乡村旅游的路子有奔头。
The "rice bag" is not a problem. How can the villagers' "money bag" bulge? The village party branch has no less thoughts. Hong Fengguo, 54-year-old secretary of the Party branch and director of the village committee of Xiaoxin Wharf Village, said that after visiting Yanqing, Beijing, Jizhou, Tianjin and other places to observe and exchange, the village cadres felt that the road to rural tourism had a head start.
一名游客在天津市宝坻区黄庄镇小辛码头村里的小桥上拍照留念（6月29日摄）。
A tourist takes a photo on the small bridge in Xiaoxin Wharf Village, Huangzhuang Town, Baodi District, Tianjin (photo taken on June 29th).
的确，小辛码头村有人文历史，有水乡风光，靠近京津两大都市，这是发展乡村旅游的先天优势。然而差距也很明显：道路坑坑洼洼，“晴天一身土，雨天两脚泥”。猪牛羊粪堆满附近的荷花池，“臭烘烘的，都不敢开窗户”。
Indeed, Xiaoxin Wharf Village has a human history, water town scenery and proximity to Beijing and Tianjin, which is the innate advantage of developing rural tourism. However, the gap is also obvious: the road is bumpy, "covered with soil on sunny days and muddy on rainy days". Pig, cattle and sheep manure piled up in the nearby lotus pond, which was "stinky and afraid to open the window".
十年来，在政府推动下，各类帮扶资金陆续投入。小辛码头村成立专班，向环境“脏乱差”开战：清理池塘、修建道路、拆除违建、牲畜圈养……
In the past ten years, with the promotion of the government, various kinds of assistance funds have been invested one after another. Xiaoxin Wharf Village set up a special class to fight against the "dirty mess" of the environment: cleaning up ponds, building roads, dismantling illegal construction, and keeping livestock in captivity...
很快，臭池子变成了靓荷塘，水泥路修到了家门口。一个个垃圾堆不见了，改成小广场、小凉亭。村庄变美后，首批18户村民率先办起了农家院。
Soon, the smelly pond became a beautiful lotus pond, and the cement road was repaired to the door of the house. One by one, the garbage piles disappeared and were changed into small squares and small pavilions. After the village became beautiful, the first 18 villagers took the lead in setting up a farmyard.
这是位于天津市宝坻区黄庄镇小辛码头村的古码头遗址（无人机照片，6月29日摄）
This is the ancient wharf site located in Xiaoxin Wharf Village, Huangzhuang Town, Baodi District, Tianjin (drone photo, photo taken on June 29)
从流水线工人、保安，再到餐厅服务员，2008年就外出打工的李超，几经辗转，始终没有稳定下来。每月几千元的收入，除去生活开销所剩无几。“后来回到村里，看着乡亲们靠旅游兴起办民宿、农家乐，日子越来越红火，心里抓挠得慌。”
From assembly line workers, security guards, to restaurant waiters, Li Chao, who went out to work in 2008, has never stabilized after several twists and turns. The monthly income of several thousand yuan is very little except living expenses. "Later, I went back to the village and watched the villagers run homestays and farmhouses by tourism. The days were getting more and more prosperous, and my heart was scratching."
李超下决心回村创业。为鼓励他迈出“第一步”，当地政府将2万元无息贷款送上门。2014年，李超干起农家院，当年就挣了2万多元。
Li Chao made up his mind to return to the village to start a business. To encourage him to take the "first step", the local government delivered an interest-free loan of 20,000 yuan to his door. In 2014, Li Chao started a farmhouse and earned more than 20,000 yuan that year.
2018年，宝坻大力推进乡村振兴，一场农村人居环境整治行动让小辛码头村环境再次提升。拓宽道路、铺设管网、建设绿地、翻新民居，打造水稻文化园，新建古码头遗址、了凡广场、袁公井等景点，还将爱党爱国、爱护环境等写进村规民约，开展“小手拉大手”活动，让孩子们当志愿者保护环境……“千年古渡”不但颜值更高，也更有气质和内涵了。
In 2018, Baodi vigorously promoted the revitalization of rural areas, and a rural human settlement environment improvement action made the environment of Xiaoxin dock Village improve again. Widen roads, lay pipe networks, build green spaces, renovate residential buildings, build a Rice Cultural Park, build new ancient dock sites, Lifan square, yuangongjing and other scenic spots, and write the love for the party, the country and the environment into the village's regulations and people's covenants. Carry out the activities of "small hands holding big hands", so that children can be volunteers to protect the environment... The "Millennium ancient ferry" not only has a higher appearance, but also has more temperament and connotation.
在天津市宝坻区黄庄镇小辛码头村，李超为客人准备早餐（2021年9月3日摄）。新华社记者孙凡越摄
Li Chao prepares breakfast for guests in Xiaoxin Wharf Village, Huangzhuang Town, Baodi District, Tianjin (photo taken on September 3, 2021). Xinhua News Agency reporter Sun Fanyue photo
“现在来我们村，不光能吃农家饭、住农家屋，可看的景也多了，文化味儿也浓了。”村民宋祥梅热情地给记者当起了“导游”。
"When you come to our village now, you can not only eat farmhouse meals and live in farmhouse houses, but also see more scenery and strong cultural flavor." Song Xiangmei, a villager, enthusiastically acted as a "tour guide" for reporters.
脚踏石头小路，来到古码头遗址。光阴流转，当年的漕运盛景已然不再，碑墙记录下古渡的沧桑变迁。村庄展览厅里，一张张老图片，承载着北方水乡的发展记忆。了凡广场上，袁黄的雕像屹立其间，墙上“立命、改过、积善、谦德”8个大字甚是醒目，宣扬着崇德、向善的文化。
Step on the stone path and come to the ancient wharf site. With the passage of time, the prosperity of water transport in those years has ceased. The monument wall records the vicissitudes of the ancient ferry. In the village exhibition hall, old pictures bear the memory of the development of the northern water town. On the Lifan square, the statue of Yuan Huang stands in the middle of it. The eight big characters on the wall "stand for life, reform, accumulate kindness, and be modest" are very eye-catching, propagating the culture of advocating morality and being good.
一路探寻，一路体味。如今的小辛码头村村中有景、景中有村，田园风光、和美乡情相映成趣。“漕运文化”“了凡文化”“稻作文化”的传承与弘扬，为乡村旅游注入了内生动力，吸引着八方来客。
Explore all the way, appreciate all the way. Nowadays, Xiaoxin Wharf Village has scenery, villages in the scenery, pastoral scenery, and beautiful nostalgia. The inheritance and promotion of "water transport culture", "rice culture" and "rice culture" have injected endogenous power into rural tourism and attracted visitors from all directions.
在天津市宝坻区黄庄镇小辛码头村，李超清理村民在潮白河里捕到的河鱼（2021年9月3日摄）。新华社记者孙凡越摄
In Xiaoxin Wharf Village, Huangzhuang Town, Baodi District, Tianjin, Li Chao cleaned up the river fish caught by villagers in Chaobai River (photo taken on September 3, 2021). Xinhua News Agency reporter Sun Fanyue photo
不知不觉，临近中午。不少院落飘出了饭菜的香味。铁锅炖大鱼、土窑鸡、煮田螺、辣炒河虾、椒盐泥鳅、虾酱窝头……一道道诱人的农家菜上桌。
Unconsciously, near noon. Many courtyards have the fragrance of food. Stewed big fish in iron pot, chicken in earthen kiln, boiled snail, spicy fried river shrimp, loach with pepper and salt, steamed corn-bread with shrimp paste... a series of attractive farm dishes are served.
从天津市区驱车前来的徐女士和记者唠起了家常。“喜欢这里的美景乡情，还有地道的农家饭。从舌尖到心尖，都是满满的‘乡村味道’！”她肯定地说。
Ms. Xu, who drove from downtown Tianjin, chatted with reporters. "I like the beautiful scenery and nostalgia here, as well as authentic farmhouse meals. From the tip of the tongue to the tip of the heart, it is full of 'Country Taste'!" She said affirmatively.
对于小辛码头村村民来说，潮白河就是他们的“母亲河”。作为海河流域五大支流之一，潮白河在宝坻境内蜿蜒百里，滋养着这片肥沃的土地。
For the villagers in Xiaoxin Wharf Village, Chaobai River is their "mother river". As one of the five tributaries of Haihe River Basin, Chaobai River meanders for hundreds of miles in Baodi, nourishing this fertile land.
“以前垃圾往河里扔、废水往河里倒，潮白河蓝藻多、气味难闻，村民只能捞捞鱼虫。”李超说，“现在可不一样了。水质改善后，鲢鱼、鲫鱼、鲤鱼又回来了，连对水质要求高的银鱼、河虾都多了起来。一下锅别提多香了！”
"In the past, garbage was thrown into the river and waste water was poured into the river. The Chaobai River was full of blue algae and smelled bad. The villagers could only fish and insects." Li Chao said, "it's not the same now. After the water quality is improved, silver carp, crucian carp and carp are back again. Even silver carp and river shrimp, which have high requirements for water quality, are more. Don't mention how fragrant the pot is!"
这是位于天津市宝坻区黄庄镇小辛码头村的一处稻田（6月29日摄）。
This is a paddy field located in Xiaoxin Wharf Village, Huangzhuang Town, Baodi District, Tianjin (photo taken on June 29th).
种粮大户引河水灌溉，稻米也变了样。一些农家院的货架上，摆着小辛码头村自产的“稻蟹米”，米粒清香、晶莹透亮，不少游客走的时候都要捎上几袋……潮白河成了村民口中的“潮白银行”。
Large grain growers have diverted river water for irrigation, and rice has changed. On the shelves of some farmhouses, there are "rice and crab rice" produced by Xiaoxin Wharf Village. The rice grains are fragrant and crystal clear, and many tourists have to bring several bags when they leave... Chaobai River has become the "Chaobai Bank" in the mouth of villagers.
乡村旅游不仅带动了农副产品销售等延伸行业，还催生了采摘、钓蟹等新兴行当，解决了周边村民的就业难题。“现在全家齐上阵都忙不过来，我的农家院雇了五六个厨师和服务员。”李超说。
Rural tourism has not only driven the sales of agricultural and sideline products and other extended industries, but also spawned new businesses such as picking and crab fishing, and solved the employment problems of surrounding villagers. "Now the whole family is busy. My farmyard employs five or six chefs and waiters." Li Chao said.
“我们村有100户人家，32个农家院，年均接待游客40万人次，旅游收入5000万元，农民人均纯收入3．4万元。”洪奉国的喜悦溢于言表。
"There are 100 households and 32 farmhouses in our village, which receive 400,000 tourists every year, the tourism income is 50 million yuan, and the per capita net income of farmers is 34,000 yuan." Hong Fengguo's joy is beyond words.
这是位于天津市宝坻区黄庄镇小辛码头村的了凡广场一景（6月28日摄）。
This is a scene of Lefan Square located in Xiaoxin Wharf Village, Huangzhuang Town, Baodi District, Tianjin (photo taken on June 28th).
2022年5月，中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发《乡村建设行动实施方案》，要求传承保护传统村落民居和优秀乡土文化，突出地域特色和乡村特点，保留具有本土特色和乡土气息的乡村风貌，防止机械照搬城镇建设模式，打造各具特色的现代版“富春山居图”。
In May 2022, the general office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the general office of the State Council issued the implementation plan of rural construction action, which requires the inheritance and protection of traditional village dwellings and excellent local culture, the highlighting of regional and rural characteristics, the preservation of rural features with local characteristics and local flavor, the prevention of mechanically copying the urban construction mode, and the creation of a modern version of the "Fuchun Mountain Residence map" with various characteristics.
“这坚定了我们努力的方向。‘千年古渡’蕴含丰富的自然、人文和历史资源，我们要保护好、挖掘好、利用好。”午后，黄庄镇党委书记王晓东带项目团队到村里考察，谋划打造高端民宿，建设亲子研学营地；增加农耕体验、生态市集等特色项目；提升文化品位，助力优秀传统文化进村入户；依托插秧节、稻蟹节等开展节庆互动……
"This has strengthened the direction of our efforts. The 'Millennium Ancient Ferry' contains rich natural, cultural and historical resources, and we must protect, excavate and make good use of them." In the afternoon, Wang Xiaodong, secretary of the Party Committee of Huangzhuang Town, took the project team to the village to inspect and plan to build a high-end homestay and build a parent-child research camp; Increase special projects such as farming experience and ecological market; Enhance cultural taste and help excellent traditional culture enter the village; Relying on the transplanting festival, rice and crab festival, etc. to carry out festival interaction...
在天津市宝坻区黄庄镇小辛码头村，游客在荷塘边游玩（6月29日摄）。
In Xiaoxin Wharf Village, Huangzhuang Town, Baodi District, Tianjin, tourists play by the lotus pond (photo taken on June 29th).
如今，小辛码头村名声越来越响亮，荣获中国美丽休闲乡村、全国乡村治理示范村、全国乡村旅游重点村、天津市乡村治理示范村等称号。“加快乡村建设，助力乡村振兴，我们要因地制宜、因势利导，打造更多保留乡土味道、村落文化、乡愁乡情的旅游村，让寻踪宝坻乡村的游客觅到田园农耕之根、稻海渔歌之美、乡土自然之息。”宝坻区委书记殷向杰说。
Nowadays, Xiaoxin Wharf Village is becoming more and more famous, and has won the titles of China's Beautiful Leisure Village, National Rural Governance Demonstration Village, National Rural Tourism Key Village and Tianjin Rural Governance Demonstration Village. "To speed up rural construction and help rural revitalization, we must adapt to local conditions and guide the situation to create more tourist villages that retain local flavor, village culture and homesickness, so that tourists who pursue Baodi Village can find the root of pastoral farming, the beauty of rice and sea fishing songs, and the interest of local nature." Yin Xiangjie, secretary of Baodi District Party Committee, said.
傍晚时分，夕阳已沉。一辆旅游商务车满载游客停在了一户农家院门口。几位六七十岁的老人一下车，便被眼前的景致吸引。他们心心念念寻觅的乡愁，也许就在小辛码头村碧绿的稻浪间，在潮白河淙淙的河水中，在农家饭难忘的滋味里。
In the evening, the sunset has sunk. A tourist commercial vehicle loaded with tourists stopped at the entrance of a farmhouse. When several 60-and 70-year-old people got off the bus, they were attracted by the scenery in front of them. The homesickness they are looking for may be in the green rice waves in Xiaoxin Wharf Village, in the flowing water of Chaobai River, and in the unforgettable taste of farmhouse meals.
