Fourth meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) (IHR) Emergency Committee on the Multi-Country Outbreak of monkeypox (mpox)

《国际卫生条例(2005)》(《国际卫生条例》）多国爆发猴痘应急委员会第四次会议

The WHO Director-General transmits the report of the fourth meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) (IHR) Emergency Committee regarding the multi-country outbreak of monkeypox (mpox), held on Thursday, 9 February 2023 from 12:00 to 17:00 CET.

世界卫生组织总干事转递国际卫生条例（2005）紧急委员会第四次会议关于2023年2月9日星期四12:00至17:00 CET举行的多国猴痘暴发的报告。

Following a series of consultations with global experts, WHO recommends a new preferred term “mpox” as a synonym for monkeypox. Both names will be used simultaneously for one year while the term “monkeypox” is phased out. This report uses the term “mpox” (for more information see here).

在与全球专家进行了一系列磋商后，世界卫生组织建议使用一个新的首选术语“猴痘”作为猴痘的同义词。这两个名字将同时使用一年，而“猴痘”一词将被淘汰。此报告使用术语“猴痘”（有关更多信息，请参阅此处）。

The Emergency Committee acknowledged the progress made in the global response to the multi-country outbreak of mpox and the further decline in the number of reported cases since the last meeting. The Committee observed that a few countries continued to see a sustained incidence of illness; the Committee is also of the view that underreported detection and under-reporting of confirmed cases of illness in other regions is likely. Therefore, the Committee considered various options to sustain attention and resources to control the outbreak and advised maintaining the Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), while beginning to consider plans to integrate mpox prevention, preparedness and response within national surveillance and control programmes, including for HIV and other sexually transmissible infections.

紧急情况委员会承认，自上次会议以来，全球应对猴痘多国爆发取得了进展，报告病例数量进一步下降。委员会注意到，少数国家继续出现持续的发病率；委员会还认为，其他地区的确诊病例很可能被发现和报告不足。因此，委员会考虑了保持关注和资源以控制疫情的各种选择，并建议维持国际关注的公共卫生紧急情况（PHEIC），同时开始考虑将猴痘预防、准备和应对纳入国家监测和控制方案的计划，包括HIV和其他性传播感染。

The WHO Director-General expresses his gratitude to the Chair, Members, and Advisers for their advice and concurs with this advice that the event continues to constitute a PHEIC for the reasons detailed in the proceedings of the meeting below and issues revised Temporary Recommendations in relation to this PHEIC, which are presented at the end of this document.

世界卫生组织总干事对主席、成员和顾问的建议表示感谢，并同意这一建议，即由于以下会议记录中详述的原因，该活动将继续构成PHEIC，并发布与该PHEIC相关的修订临时建议，这些建议将在本文件末尾提出。

Proceedings of the fourth meeting of the IHR Emergency Committee

《国际卫生条例》应急委员会第四次会议记录

The fourth meeting of the IHR Emergency Committee on the multi-country outbreak of mpox was convened by videoconference, with the Chair and Vice-Chair being present in person on the premises of WHO headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland. Thirteen of the fifteen Members and four of the nine Advisors to the Committee participated in the meeting.

《国际卫生条例》紧急委员会第四次会议以视频会议的方式召开，主席和副主席亲自出席了瑞士日内瓦世界卫生组织总部的会议。委员会十五名成员中的十三名和九名顾问中的四名参加了会议。

In his opening remarks, the WHO Director-General welcomed the Committee, and noted a sustained decline in cases globally, with the majority of cases being reported from the Regions of the Americas. The Director-General also noted the need to sustain efforts for surveillance, prevention and care; vaccinate high-risk populations; improve equitable access to diagnostics, vaccines and treatment for all who need them; and continue to fight stigma and discrimination and ensure respect for human rights. While noting that the continued human-to-human transmission could lead to a resurgence of cases, he concluded that over the longer-term, mpox programmes and services should be integrated into national surveillance and control programmes, including for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.

世界卫生组织总干事在开幕词中对委员会表示欢迎，并指出全球病例持续下降，大多数病例来自美洲地区。总干事还指出，需要继续努力进行监测、预防和护理；为高危人群接种疫苗；改善所有需要的人获得诊断、疫苗和治疗的公平机会；继续打击污名和歧视，确保尊重人权。他指出，持续的人与人之间的传播可能会导致病例死灰复燃，但他总结说，从长远来看，猴痘方案和服务应纳入国家监测和控制方案，包括艾滋病毒和其他性传播感染的监测和控制方案。

The Office of Legal Counsel’s representative briefed the Committee Members and Advisors on their roles, responsibilities, and mandate under the relevant articles of the IHR. The Ethics Officer from the Department of Compliance, Risk Management, and Ethics reminded Members and Advisers of their duty of confidentiality as to the meeting discussions and the work of the Committee, as well as their individual responsibility to disclose to WHO in a timely manner any interests of a personal, professional, financial, intellectual or commercial nature that may give rise to a perceived or direct conflict of interest.

法律顾问办公室的代表向委员会成员和顾问简要介绍了他们在《国际卫生条例》相关条款下的角色、职责和任务。合规、风险管理和道德部道德操守干事提醒各位成员和顾问，他们对会议讨论和委员会工作负有保密义务，以及他们个人有责任及时向世界卫生组织披露个人、专业、财务、，智力或商业性质，可能导致感知或直接的利益冲突。

The meeting was handed over to the Chair of the Emergency Committee, Dr Jean-Marie Okwo-Bele, who introduced the objectives of the meeting: to provide views to the WHO Director-General as to whether the multi-country outbreak of mpox continues to constitute a PHEIC, and, if so, to review the proposed Temporary Recommendations to States Parties.

会议移交给紧急委员会主席Jean-Marie Okwo-Bele博士，他介绍了会议的目标：向世界卫生组织总干事提供意见，说明猴痘多国疫情是否继续构成PHEIC，如果是，审查向缔约国提出的临时建议。

Presentations

演示

Representatives of Brazil updated the Committee on the epidemiological situation in their country and their current response efforts.

巴西代表向委员会介绍了该国的流行病状况及其目前的应对工作。

The Secretariat provided an update on the epidemiological situation and the current response efforts, with the WHO Regions of Europe and the Americas providing additional regional updates.

秘书处提供了流行病学状况和当前应对工作的最新情况，世卫组织欧洲和美洲区域提供了更多区域最新情况。

The Secretariat informed that the current global risk of the mpox multi-country outbreak is assessed as remaining moderate globally and in four of the WHO regions, reduced from moderate to low in the Region of South-East Asia and remaining low in the Western Pacific Region. Further details can be found in the 15th External situation report. All data are available, and case counts are updated weekly at this link - 2022 Monkeypox Outbreak: Global Trends.

秘书处通报说，猴痘多国疫情目前的全球风险在全球和世界卫生组织的四个区域被评估为仍属中等风险，在东南亚地区从中等风险降至低风险，在西太平洋地区仍属低风险。更多详情见第15次外部情况报告。所有数据都可用，病例统计每周更新一次，链接为2022猴痘爆发：全球趋势。

The Secretariat further informed the Committee that its Strategic preparedness, readiness and response plan for monkeypox, and appeal, launched in July 2022 to help guide coordinated public health action to stop the outbreak will come to an end in June 2023, while additional resources are being sought through the WHO’s Health Emergency Appeal in 2023.

秘书处还告知委员会，其猴痘战略准备、准备和应对计划以及呼吁将于2023年6月结束，该计划于2022年7月启动，旨在帮助指导协调的公共卫生行动，以阻止疫情的爆发，同时正在通过世界卫生组织2023年的卫生紧急呼吁寻求额外资源。

The WHO European Region reported that as of 3 February, 43 countries and territories have not detected any new cases in the past three months. While 18 countries and territories continue to report recent local human-to-human transmission, case numbers have decreased significantly. Future risks of outbreaks relate to the ongoing importation, forthcoming mass gatherings, potential reduced vaccination and surveillance, limited access to testing and behaviour change/. To tackle this, the Region is working towards a five-year plan to achieve and sustain the elimination of mpox in all Member States through engagement with affected communities and integrating intervention into the sexual health programs, to be discussed at the Regional Committee in autumn 2023.

世界卫生组织欧洲区域报告称，截至2月3日，43个国家和地区在过去三个月内没有发现任何新病例。尽管18个国家和地区继续报告最近的本地人传人，但病例数已大幅下降。未来爆发疫情的风险与持续的输入、即将到来的大规模集会、疫苗接种和监测可能减少、检测机会有限和行为改变有关。为了解决这一问题，该地区正致力于制定一项五年计划，通过与受影响社区的接触，并将干预措施纳入性健康计划，实现并维持在所有成员国消除猴痘的目标，该计划将于2023年秋在区域委员会上进行讨论。

The Region of the Americas reported a stable number of cases in the last six weeks, with 200-250 cases per week, and 4% of cases occurring in women. In addition, while the vaccine supply is limited, seven countries have started vaccination. Risk communication and community engagement interventions are being delivered through HIV community-based networks.

美洲地区在过去六周报告了稳定的病例数，每周200-250例，4%的病例发生在女性身上。此外，尽管疫苗供应有限，但已有7个国家开始接种疫苗。正在通过艾滋病毒社区网络进行风险沟通和社区参与干预。

After the presentations, Committee Members and Advisors proceeded to engage the Secretariat and the presenting country in a question-and-answer session.

演讲结束后，委员会成员和顾问开始与秘书处和演讲国进行问答。

Deliberative session

审议会议

The Committee reconvened in a closed meeting to examine the questions in relation to whether the event continues to constitute a PHEIC, and if so, to consider the proposed Temporary Recommendations, drafted by the WHO Secretariat in accordance with IHR provisions. The Secretariat provided a presentation on the legal provisions under the IHR in relation to the determination of a PHEIC, and the issuance of Temporary Recommendations.

委员会在一次非公开会议上再次召开会议，审查与该事件是否继续构成PHEIC有关的问题，如果是，审议世界卫生组织秘书处根据《国际卫生条例》规定起草的拟议临时建议。秘书处介绍了《国际卫生条例》中有关确定PHEIC和发布临时建议的法律规定。

The Committee acknowledged that further progress was made in reducing the number of cases as well as international transmission, but several concerns persist. These include: ongoing transmission in some regions, such as Central America; insufficient evidence regarding vaccine effectiveness on the individual and population levels and duration of immunity, either disease or vaccination-induced; a potential shift in some countries towards the most marginalized populations who have the least access to prevention measures and treatments; the possibility that behaviour change is not sustained in the long run; and reduced surveillance and lack of reporting of cases to WHO, particularly in countries where the disease is endemic.

委员会承认，在减少病例数量和国际传播方面取得了进一步进展，但仍存在一些关切。其中包括：中美洲等一些地区的持续传播；关于疫苗对个体和人群水平的有效性以及免疫持续时间（无论是疾病还是疫苗接种诱导的）的证据不足；一些国家可能会向最边缘化的人群转变，这些人群最难获得预防措施和治疗；行为改变不可能长期持续；减少监测，缺乏向世界卫生组织报告病例，特别是在该病流行的国家。

On the positive side, the Committee notes that the global risk is assessed as moderate, with two regions having a low risk; that no significant changes in the demographics occurred, although a small number of cases were reported in women in the region of the Americas; that the predominant mode of transmission remains through direct and sexual contact; and that transmission declined in a number of countries prior to the escalation of vaccination programs, concurrently with community engagement activities, acquired immunity after infection amongst those who were at highest risk, and a growing understanding of transmission dynamics. In addition, some regions have started to develop post-emergency plans and began the integration of the response into sexually transmissible disease programs.

从积极的方面来看，委员会注意到，全球风险被评估为中等风险，其中两个区域风险较低；人口统计没有发生重大变化，尽管美洲地区报告了少数妇女病例；主要的传播方式仍然是通过直接和性接触；在疫苗接种计划升级之前，一些国家的传播率有所下降，与此同时，社区参与活动也在进行，高危人群感染后获得免疫力，对传播动态的了解也在不断加深。此外，一些地区已开始制定应急后计划，并开始将应对措施纳入性传播疾病计划。

Nevertheless, the Committee expressed concerns about the possible resurgence of cases in some regions, due to both the potential seasonal differences in the occurrence of infection and particularly in the context of the resumption of LGBTQ social events and other mass gathering events in the coming months; the lack of access to vaccines and testing capacities; the recurring zoonotic transmission in Africa; the fact that not all countries are receiving the support they need or have structures or systems to respond to mpox, including inadequate support for marginalized groups; and general fatigue among supporting agencies in view of competing priorities and emergencies.

尽管如此，委员会对一些地区的病例可能再次出现表示关切，这是由于感染发生的季节性差异，特别是在未来几个月LGBTQ社交活动和其他大规模聚集活动恢复的背景下；缺乏疫苗和检测能力；非洲反复发生的人畜共患病传播；事实上，并非所有国家都获得了它们需要的支持，或拥有应对猴痘的结构或系统，包括对边缘化群体的支持不足；鉴于相互竞争的优先事项和紧急情况，支助机构普遍感到疲劳。

The Committee acknowledged one WHO region’s proposal to develop a five-year elimination strategy and stressed the need for all countries to rapidly develop and continue to implement existing short-term responses to mpox and begin the development of national and regional plans aimed at long-term elimination of human-to-human transmission or control, as appropriate and feasible, with gradual integration into HIV and other sexually transmissible disease programs.

委员会承认世界卫生组织一个区域提出的制定五年消除多环芳烃战略的建议，并强调所有国家都需要迅速制定并继续实施现有的针对猴痘的短期应对措施，并开始制定国家和区域计划，以期在适当和可行的情况下长期消除人与人之间的传播或控制，逐步融入艾滋病毒和其他性传播疾病项目。

Lastly, noting that mpox transmission still persists in some countries and that there remain important research gaps to optimize the knowledge needed to tame the outbreaks, the Committee advised maintaining PHEIC and provided advice on the draft Temporary recommendations prepared by the Secretariat, with the understanding that such Temporary recommendations may continue to be issued by the WHO Director-General if needed after the future termination of the PHEIC.

最后，委员会注意到猴痘传播在一些国家仍持续存在，在优化控制疫情所需知识方面仍存在重要的研究差距，建议维持公共卫生信息中心，并就秘书处编写的临时建议草案提供了咨询意见，但有一项谅解，即在未来终止PHEIC后，如有必要，世界卫生组织总干事可继续发布此类临时建议。

Temporary Recommendations issued by the WHO Director-General in relation to the multi-country outbreak of mpox

世卫组织总干事就多国爆发mpox提出的临时建议

These proposed Temporary Recommendations continue to support the goal of the Strategic Preparedness, Readiness and Response Plan for Monkeypox 2022–2023 with the aim of stopping the ongoing mpox outbreak and its objectives to interrupt human-to-human transmission, protect the vulnerable, and minimize zoonotic transmission of the virus.

这些拟议的临时建议继续支持猴痘2022-2023年战略准备、准备和应对计划的目标，目的是阻止正在进行的mpox爆发及其中断人传人、保护弱势群体和尽量减少病毒人畜共患病传播的目标。

Significant progress has been achieved in ending the ongoing multi-country mpox outbreak with a decline in cases globally. While the previously issued Temporary Recommendations continue to hold, recommendations for areas that continue to represent challenges and emerging areas of work due to lessons learned are emphasized in this document.

在结束正在进行的多国mpox疫情方面取得了重大进展，全球病例有所下降。虽然先前发布的临时建议仍然有效，但本文件强调了针对由于吸取的经验教训而继续代表挑战的领域和新出现的工作领域的建议。

These Temporary Recommendations apply to States Parties according to their epidemiological situation, patterns of transmission, and capacities with respect to mpox; they refer to the reality that any State Party may experience importation or local transmission of mpox and some States Parties may also be experiencing zoonotic transmission.

这些临时建议根据其流行病学状况，传播方式和与mpox有关的能力适用于缔约国; 它们提到的现实是，任何缔约国都可能经历mpox的进口或本地传播，一些缔约国也可能经历人畜共患的传播。

Thus, each State Party should develop a strategy to maintain surveillance and response capacity in the medium to long term while States Parties in a position to support scaling up access to medical countermeasures, including through technology transfer, should continue efforts. With cases in some countries increasingly occurring within communities/individuals experiencing racism and other stigma and discrimination, strategies to reach these groups through risk communication, prevention and treatment are critical. In implementing these Temporary recommendations, States Parties should ensure full respect for the dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms of persons, in line with the principles set out in Article 3 of the IHR.

因此，每个缔约国都应制定一项战略，在中长期内保持监测和应对能力，而有能力支持扩大医疗对策的获取，包括通过技术转让，的缔约国应继续努力。随着一些国家的病例越来越多地发生在遭受种族主义和其他耻辱和歧视的社区/个人中，通过风险沟通、预防和治疗接触这些群体的战略至关重要。在执行这些临时建议时，缔约国应根据《国际人道主义法》第3条规定的原则，确保充分尊重人的尊严、人权和基本自由。

The WHO advises States Parties to prepare short and medium to long-term plans for the control of mpox, and to maintain vigilance and response capacity as well as engagement with local communities and key stakeholders, following the WHO relevant guidelines.

世卫组织建议缔约国按照世卫组织相关准则，制定控制mpox的短期和中长期计划，保持警惕和应对能力，并与当地社区和主要利益攸关方接触。

States Parties should strengthen action in the following key areas:

缔约国应在以下关键领域加强行动:

Develop and implement operational plans, including monitoring and evaluation, to set clear targets for stopping human-to-human transmission of mpox in countries currently affected by the outbreak, or mpox control in countries with known animal-to-human transmission. In that regard, State Parties should also consider developing surveillance and control plans that apply to situations where intimate sexual contact is not necessarily the predominant mode of transmission.

制定和实施包括监测和评估在内的业务计划，以制定明确的目标，在目前受疫情影响的国家阻止猴痘的人与人传播，或在已知动物与人传播的国家阻止猴痘的控制。在这方面，缔约国还应考虑制定适用于亲密性接触不一定是主要传播方式的情况的监测和控制计划。

Maintain laboratory-based epidemiological surveillance, including reporting of the minimum dataset of variables defined in the WHO Case Reporting Form. States Parties should continue to share confirmed and probable mpox case reports with WHO through IHR communications in a timely manner. Countries should work towards the elimination of mpox (i.e. interrupting local or community transmission, and taking measures to promptly detect and contain imported outbreaks) where feasible and maintain high-quality indicator-based and event-based surveillance to underpin all such efforts.

维持基于实验室的流行病学监测，包括报告WHO病例报告表中定义的最小变量数据集。缔约国应继续通过《国际卫生条例》来文及时与世卫组织分享已确认和可能的mpox病例报告。各国应在可行的情况下努力消除mpox (即中断当地或社区传播，并采取措施迅速发现和控制进口疫情)，并保持高质量的基于指标和基于事件的监测，以支持所有这些努力。

Integrate mpox surveillance, detection, prevention, care and research into innovative HIV and STI prevention and control programmes and services, in order to understand risks of resurgence, detect outbreaks early, reduce barriers to health services, communicate risk, strengthen detection of undiagnosed HIV infection and early and continued antiretroviral treatment, advance clinical care for HIV-mpox co-infection, and address fear, stigma and discrimination in at-risk populations.

将猴痘监测、检测、预防、护理和研究纳入创新的艾滋病毒和性传播感染预防和控制方案和服务，以便了解复发的风险，尽早发现疫情，减少卫生服务的障碍，传播风险，加强对未确诊艾滋病毒感染的检测，以及早期和持续的抗逆转录病毒治疗，推进HIV-mpox联合感染的临床护理，解决高危人群的恐惧、耻辱和歧视问题。

Continue to enhance access to diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutics, including through allocation mechanisms and technology transfer, and subsidy of regional manufacturing to advance global health equity in areas where people may experience barriers to care, including minorities and those in the global south.

继续增加获得诊断、疫苗和治疗的机会，包括通过分配机制和技术转让，以及对区域制造业的补贴，以促进包括少数民族和全球南方地区在内的人们可能面临护理障碍的地区的全球卫生平等。

Strengthen and support capacity in resource-limited settings where mpox continues to occur, including for but not limited to One Health and animal health, to better understand and characterize all modes of transmission and respond to outbreaks wherever they occur.

加强和支持在资源有限的环境中继续发生mpox的能力，包括但不限于一个健康和动物健康，以更好地了解和表征所有传播方式，并应对发生在任何地方的暴发。

Implement a strategic and coordinated research agenda to ensure ongoing evidence generation including but not limited to a better understanding of mpox clinical virology, modes of transmission, social determinants for affected groups and clinical disease, particularly in immune-suppressed individuals, and development of countermeasures, including effective behaviour change, rapid diagnostics and next-generation therapeutics and vaccines.

实施战略性和协调的研究议程，以确保持续的证据生成，包括但不限于更好地了解mpox临床病毒学，传播方式，受影响群体和临床疾病的社会决定因素，特别是在免疫抑制的个体中，以及制定对策，包括有效的行为改变，快速诊断和下一代治疗和疫苗。

The recommendations below extend or modify those issued on 1 November 2022. In line with the WHO announcement on 28 November 2022, the term monkeypox in reference to the disease has been replaced with mpox throughout this document. WHO documents referenced are current as of 7 February 2023.

以下建议扩大或修改了2022年11月1日发布的建议。根据世界卫生组织关于2022年11月28日的公告，在本文件中，与该疾病有关的猴痘一词已被mpox取代。所引用的文件是截至2023年2月7日的最新文件。

Readiness (1): These recommendations are meant to ensure a state of readiness for an outbreak of mpox and apply to ALL States Parties

准备 (1): 这些建议旨在确保mpox爆发的准备状态，并适用于所有缔约国

ADDED: 1.a.0. Prepare a strategy to strengthen capacity in key areas of readiness and response including: 1) develop a short-term mpox elimination or control plan as appropriate to national circumstances 2) ensure that mpox is a nationally notifiable disease, and strengthen epidemiological disease surveillance to support efforts towards mpox elimination or control, as appropriate; 3) Strengthen and leverage innovative HIV and STI programmes and services to integrate mpox surveillance, detection, prevention, care and research; 4) continue to enhance access to diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutics for hard-to-reach and marginalized populations to advance gobal health equity; 5) continue to strengthen capacity in resource limited settings through a One Health approach to better understand and prevent transmission at the animal-human interface; 6). Stimulate, incentivize, fund and support a research agenda to address critical knowledge gaps and ensure ongoing evidence generation.

增加：1.a.0。制定一项战略，以加强关键准备和应对领域的能力，包括：1）根据本国情况制定短期猴痘消除或控制计划2）确保猴痘是国家法定传染病，并加强流行病监测，酌情支持猴痘消除或控制工作；3） 加强和利用创新的艾滋病毒和性传播感染方案和服务，以整合猴痘监测、检测、预防、护理和研究；4） 继续为难以接触和边缘化人口提供更多的诊断、疫苗和治疗手段，以促进全球卫生公平；5） 通过“一个健康”方法，继续加强资源有限环境中的能力，以更好地理解和防止动物与人之间的传播；6). 刺激、激励、资助和支持研究议程，以解决关键的知识差距，并确保持续的证据生成。

MODIFIED: 1.a. Develop an elimination or control plan for mpox that encompasses a multi-sectoral and One Health approach, and maintain coordination mechanisms to strengthen all aspects of readiness to stop human-to-human transmission and respond to mpox and undertake an after-action review to identify and build on lessons learned during the outbreak and address residual risk, reduce the threat of future mpox outbreaks and enhance readiness for outbreaks. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/monkeypox-strategic-preparedness--readiness--and-response-plan-(sprp)

修改：1.a.制定猴痘消除或控制计划，其中包括多部门和“一个健康”方法，并保持协调机制，以加强各方面的准备工作，阻止人与人之间的传播，应对猴痘，并进行行动后审查，以确定和巩固疫情期间吸取的教训，并应对残余风险，减少未来猴痘疫情的威胁，并加强疫情准备。https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/monkeypox-strategic-preparedness--readiness--and-response-plan-（sprp

EXTENDED: 1.b. Continue to plan for, and/or implement, interventions to avoid the stigmatization and discrimination against any individual or population group that may be affected by mpox, with the goal of preventing further undetected transmission of monkeypox virus (MPXV). The focus of these interventions should be: to promote voluntary self-reporting and care-seeking behaviour; to support access to vaccines and therapeutics; to facilitate timely access to quality clinical care; to protect the human rights, privacy and dignity of at-risk and affected individuals, and their contacts across all communities. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-RCCE-2022.1

扩展：1.b.继续计划和/或实施干预措施，以避免对可能受猴痘影响的任何个人或群体进行羞辱和歧视，目的是防止猴痘病毒（MPXV）的进一步未被发现的传播。这些干预措施的重点应该是：促进自愿自我报告和寻求护理的行为；支持获得疫苗和疗法；促进及时获得高质量的临床护理；保护处境危险和受影响个人的人权、隐私和尊严，以及他们在所有社区的联系。https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-RCCE-2022.1

EXTENDED: 1.c. Noting that Clade II MPXV is a sexually transmissible infection, continue to establish and intensify epidemiological disease surveillance, including access to reliable, affordable and accurate diagnostic tests, for illnesses compatible with mpox as part of existing national surveillance systems. For disease surveillance purposes, case definitions for suspected, probable and confirmed cases of mpox should be adopted, as well as the case definition for death related to mpox. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Surveillance-2022.4

扩展：1.c.注意到Clade II MPXV是一种性传播感染，作为现有国家监测系统的一部分，继续建立和加强流行病学疾病监测，包括获得可靠、负担得起和准确的诊断测试，以检测与猴痘相容的疾病。为了进行疾病监测，应采用疑似、可能和确诊的猴痘病例定义以及与猴痘相关的死亡病例定义。https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Surveillance-2022.4

https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-laboratory-2022.1

https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/世界卫生组织-MPX-laboratory-2022.1

EXTENDED: 1.d. Continue to intensify the early-detection capacity by raising awareness and training of health workers, including those in primary care, genitourinary and sexual health clinics, urgent care/emergency departments, dental practices, dermatology, paediatrics, HIV services, infectious diseases, maternity services, obstetrics and gynaecology, and other acute care facilities. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Surveillance-2022.4

扩展：1.d.通过提高卫生工作者的认识和培训，继续加强早期检测能力，包括初级保健、泌尿生殖和性健康诊所、急诊/急诊科、牙科诊所、皮肤科、儿科、艾滋病毒服务、传染病、妇产科和其他急性护理设施的卫生工作者。https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Surveillance-2022.4

EXTENDED: 1.e. Continue to raise awareness about MPXV transmission, related prevention and protective measures, and symptoms and signs of mpox among communities that are currently affected (e.g., importantly, but not exclusively, some communities of gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM) or individuals with multiple sexual partners) as well as among other populations that may be at risk (e.g., sex workers, transgender people). https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-RCCE-2022.1

扩展: 1.e.继续提高对MPXV传播、相关预防和保护措施以及目前受影响社区 (例如，重要但不仅限于同性恋，双性恋者和其他与男性发生性关系的男性 (MSM) 或具有多个性伴侣的个人) 以及可能面临风险的其他人群 (例如，性工作者，跨性别者)。https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-RCCE-2022.1

MODIFIED: 1.f. Continue to engage key community-based groups, sexual health and civil society networks, including those for persons living with HIV, to listen and understand community perceptions and concerns about mpox and to increase the provisions of reliable and factual information about the disease. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-RCCE-2022.1

修改: 1.f.继续吸引主要的社区团体，性健康和民间社会网络，包括艾滋病毒感染者的网络，以倾听和了解社区对mpox的看法和关切，并增加有关该疾病的可靠和事实信息的规定。https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-RCCE-2022.1

MODIFIED: 1.g. Continue to focus risk communication and community support efforts on settings and venues where intimate encounters take place (e.g., gatherings focused on MSM, sex-on-premises venues) as well as channels that may facilitate targeted messaging to affected communities (such as geospatial dating apps for MSM). This includes engaging with and supporting community-led organizations, the organizers of large and smaller scale events, as well as owners and managers of sex on premises venues to promote personal protective measures and risk-reducing behaviour. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Gatherings-2022.1

修改：1.g.继续将风险沟通和社区支持工作重点放在发生亲密接触的场所和场所（例如，专注于MSM的聚会、场所内的性行为），以及可能有助于向受影响社区传递目标信息的渠道（如针对MSM的地理空间约会应用程序）。这包括与社区领导的组织、大型和小型活动的组织者以及场所内性场所的所有者和管理者接触并支持他们，以促进个人保护措施和减少风险的行为。https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Gatherings-2022.1

MODIFIED: 1.h. Countries with newly detected cases or deaths of mpox should report thee cases to WHO as soon as they are detected. Countries currently experiencing an outbreak should report probable and confirmed cases of mpox, and deaths related to mpox to WHO on a weekly basis, through channels established under the provisions of the IHR, using the minimum data set contained in the WHO Case Report Form (CRF). https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/monkeypox-minimum-dataset-case-reporting-form-(crf) https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Surveillance-2022.4; https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Clinical_CRF-2022.3

修改: 1.h.新发现mpox病例或死亡的国家应在发现病例后立即向世卫组织报告。目前发生疫情的国家应每周通过《国际卫生条例》规定的渠道，使用世卫组织病例报告表 (CRF) 中包含的最低数据集，向世卫组织报告mpox的可能和确诊病例以及与mpox有关的死亡。https:// Www.who.int/publications/m/item/猴痘-最小-数据集-案例-报告-表格-(crf) https:// www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Surveillance-2022.4; https:// www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Clinical_CRF-2022.3

EXTENDED: 1.i. Continue to implement all actions necessary to apply or continue applying the set of Temporary Recommendations enumerated under Response (2) below in the event of first-time or renewed detection of one or more suspected, probable or confirmed cases of mpox.

扩展: 1.i.如果首次或重新检测到一种或多种疑似、可能或确诊病例的mpox，则继续执行应用或继续应用以下响应 (2) 中列举的一组临时建议所需的所有行动。

https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/monkeypox-strategic-preparedness--readiness--and-response-plan-(sprp)

https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/猴痘-战略-准备-和-响应-计划-(sprp)

Outbreak response (2) : All States Parties with one or more cases of mpox, regardless of the initial source, or experiencing human-to-human transmission, including in key population groups or communities at high risk of exposure

疫情应对 (2): 所有有1个或多个mpox病例的缔约国，无论其最初来源如何，或经历人传人，包括主要人群或高危社区

2.a. Implementing coordinated response

2.a.实施协调应对

EXTENDED: 2.a.i. Continue to implement response actions with the goal of stopping human-to-human transmission of MPXV, with a priority focus on communities at high risk of exposure, which may differ according to context and may include gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM). Those actions include: targeted risk communication and community engagement, case detection, supported isolation of cases and treatment, contact tracing, and targeted immunization for persons at high risk of exposure for mpox. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/monkeypox-strategic-preparedness--readiness--and-response-plan-(sprp)

扩展：2.a.i.继续实施应对行动，目标是阻止MPXV的人际传播，重点关注暴露风险高的社区，这些社区可能因环境而异，可能包括同性恋、双性恋和其他与男性发生性关系的男性（MSM）。这些行动包括：有针对性的风险沟通和社区参与、病例检测、有支持的病例隔离和治疗、接触者追踪以及针对猴痘高危人群的有针对性免疫接种。https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/monkeypox-strategic-preparedness--readiness--and-response-plan-（sprp）

EXTENDED: 2.a.ii. Continue to support the empowerment of affected communities and enable and support their leadership in devising, actively contributing to, and monitoring the response to the health risk they are confronting. Extend technical, financial and human resources to the extent possible and maintain mutual accountability on the actions of the affected communities. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/monkeypox-strategic-preparedness--readiness--and-response-plan-(sprp)

扩展: 2.a. ii。继续支持增强受影响社区的权能，并支持他们在设计、积极贡献和监测应对他们面临的健康风险方面的领导。尽可能扩大技术、财政和人力资源，并对受影响社区的行动保持相互问责。https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/猴痘-战略-准备-和-响应-计划-(sprp)

EXTENDED: 2.a.iii. Continue to implement responses with the goal of protecting vulnerable groups (immunosuppressed individuals, children, pregnant women) who may be at increased risk of severe mpox disease. Those actions include: targeted risk communication and community engagement, case detection, supported isolation of cases, contact tracing, and treatment. This may also include targeted immunization which takes into careful consideration the risks and benefits for the individual in shared clinical decision-making. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/monkeypox-strategic-preparedness--readiness--and-response-plan-(sprp)

扩展: 2.a. iii。继续实施应对措施，以保护可能面临严重mpox疾病风险增加的弱势群体 (免疫抑制个体，儿童，孕妇)。这些行动包括: 有针对性的风险沟通和社区参与，病例检测，支持的病例隔离，接触者追踪和治疗。这也可能包括在共同的临床决策中仔细考虑个体的风险和益处的目标预防接种。https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/猴痘-战略-准备-和-响应-计划-(sprp)

2.b. Engaging and protecting communities

2.b.参与和保护社区

MODIFIED: 2.b.i. Continue to raise awareness about how mpox presents and transmits in affected communities, and particularly in hard-to-reach and marginalized populations which may vary by context, and actions that can be taken to reduce risk. Promote the uptake and appropriate use of prevention measures, including supporting equitable access to primary preventive vaccination (PPV) for persons at risk of exposure, and adoption of other informed risk mitigation measures in line with the most recent WHO guidance. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Gatherings-2022.1

修改: 2.b. i.继续提高人们对mpox如何在受影响社区中呈现和传播的认识，特别是在难以到达和边缘化的人群中，这些人群可能因背景而异，以及可以采取的降低风险的行动。促进采取和适当使用预防措施，包括支持有暴露风险的人公平获得初级预防疫苗接种 (PPV)，并根据世卫组织最新指南采取其他知情风险缓解措施。https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Gatherings-2022.1

EXTENDED: 2.b.ii. Continue to engage with authorities and event organizers of gatherings (large and small), including those likely to be conducive for encounters of an intimate nature or that may include venues for sex-on-premises, to promote personal protective measures and behaviours, and encourage organizers to apply the WHO-recommended risk-based approach to decision-making regarding the holding of such events. Provide all necessary information for risk communication on personal choices around preventive measures including the role of vaccines, reduction in numbers of partners, and for infection prevention and control including safer sexual practices and regular cleaning of event venues and premises. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Gatherings-2022.1

扩展：2.b.ii.继续与当局和集会（无论大小）的活动组织者接触，包括可能有助于亲密接触或可能包括场所性行为的集会，以促进个人防护措施和行为，并鼓励组织者将世卫组织建议的基于风险的方法应用于举办此类活动的决策。提供所有必要的信息，以便就预防措施的个人选择进行风险沟通，包括疫苗的作用、减少合作伙伴的数量，以及预防和控制感染，包括更安全的性行为和定期清洁活动场所和场所。https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Gatherings-2022.1

MODIFIED: 2.b.iii. Continue to develop and target risk communication and community engagement interventions, including systematic social listening (e.g., through digital platforms) for emerging perceptions, concerns, and spreading of misinformation that might hamper response actions. Co-develop communication materials with communities for greater understanding of evolving evidence-based information. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-RCCE-2022.1

修改: 2.b. iii。继续开发和针对风险沟通和社区参与干预措施，包括系统的社会倾听 (例如，通过数字平台)，以了解新出现的看法，担忧和可能妨碍响应行动的错误信息的传播。与社区共同开发交流材料，以更好地了解不断发展的循证信息。https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-RCCE-2022.1

EXTENDED: 2.b.iv. Continue to engage with representatives of affected communities, non-government organizations, elected officials and civil society, and behavioural scientists to advise on approaches and strategies to avoid the stigmatization of any individual or population groups in the implementation of appropriate interventions, so that care seeking behaviour, testing and access to and adoption of preventive measures, and clinical care is timely, and to prevent undetected transmission of MPXV. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-RCCE-2022.1

扩展：2.b.iv.继续与受影响社区、非政府组织、民选官员和民间社会的代表以及行为科学家接触，就避免在实施适当干预措施时对任何个人或人口群体进行污名化的方法和战略提出建议，以使寻求护理的行为，检测、获取和采取预防措施，及时进行临床护理，防止未发现的MPXV传播。https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-RCCE-2022.1

2.c. Surveillance and public health measures

2.c.监测和公共卫生措施

MODIFIED: 2.c.i. Intensify surveillance for illness compatible with mpox as part of existing national surveillance schemes, including access to timely, reliable, affordable and accurate diagnostic tests. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Surveillance-2022.4;

修改: 2.c. i.作为现有国家监测计划的一部分，加强对与mpox兼容的疾病的监测，包括获得及时，可靠，负担得起的准确诊断测试。https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Surveillance-2022.4；

EXTENDED: 2.c.ii. Continue to report probable and confirmed cases of mpox, and deaths related to mpox to WHO, on a weekly basis, including through channels established under the IHR (2005), or on a monthly basis if management of mpox has been integrated into HIV or other sexually transmissible programs, including using the minimum data set contained in the WHO Case Report Form (CRF). Mpox (monkeypox) Case investigation form (CIF) and minimum dataset Case reporting form (CRF) (who.int)

扩展: 2.c. ii。继续向世卫组织报告mpox的可能和确诊病例，以及与mpox相关的死亡，每周，包括通过根据《国际卫生条例》 (2005) 建立的渠道，或者如果mpox的管理已纳入艾滋病毒或其他性传播项目，则每月报告一次，包括使用世卫组织案例报告表 (CRF) 中包含的最低数据集。Mpox (猴痘) 病例调查表 (CIF) 和最小数据集病例报告表 (CRF) (who.int)

https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Surveillance-2022.4; https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Clinical_CRF-2022.3

https：//www。谁啊。int/publications/i/item/世界卫生组织-MPX-监视-2022.4；https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/世界卫生组织-MPX-Clinical_CRF-2022.3

EXTENDED: 2.c.iii. Continue to strengthen laboratory capacity (including through international specimen referral as needed), and support within-country decentralized access to testing, where possible, for the diagnosis of MPXV infection, and related surveillance, based on the use of nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT), such as real time or conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-laboratory-2022.1

扩展: 2.c. iii。继续加强实验室能力 (包括根据需要通过国际标本转诊)，并在可能的情况下支持国内分散使用检测，以诊断MPXV感染，并根据使用核酸扩增检测 (NAAT) 进行相关监测，如实时或常规聚合酶链反应 (PCR)。https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-laboratory-2022.1

EXTENDED: 2.c.iv. Continue to strengthen genomic sequencing capacities, and international specimens referral capacities as needed, building on existing sequencing capacities worldwide, to determine circulating virus clades and their evolution, and share genetic sequence data through publicly accessible databases. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-laboratory-2022.1

扩展: 2.c. iv。在全球现有测序能力的基础上，继续加强基因组测序能力和国际标本转介能力，以确定循环病毒进化枝及其进化，并通过可公开访问的数据库共享遗传序列数据。https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-laboratory-2022.1

MODIFIED: 2.c.v. Isolate cases for the duration of the infectious period. Policies related to the isolation of cases should encompass health, psychological, material and essential support to adequate living. Any adjustment of isolation policies late in the isolation period should entail the mitigation of any residual public health risk. Advise persons identified as having suspected or confirmed mpox, during the isolation period on how to minimise the risk of onward transmission of mpox, such as covering lesions and wearing a mask in accordance with the most recent WHO guidance. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Clinical-and-IPC-2022.1

修改: 2.c. v.在传染期内隔离病例。与隔离案件有关的政策应包括对适足生活的健康、心理、物质和基本支持。隔离后期对隔离政策的任何调整都应减轻任何残留的公共卫生风险。在隔离期期间，建议被确定为疑似或确诊为mpox的人如何最大限度地降低mpox继续传播的风险，例如根据世卫组织的最新指导覆盖病变和戴口罩。https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Clinical-and-IPC-2022.1

NOT APPLICABLE: 2.c.vi. Previously merged with 2.c.v

不适用: 2.c. vi.先前与2.c. v合并

EXTENDED: 2.c.vii. Continue to conduct contact tracing among individuals in contact with anyone who may be a suspected, probable, or confirmed case of mpox, including: contact identification (protected by confidentiality), notification management, and follow-up for 21 days through health monitoring which may be self-directed or supported by public health officers. Policies related to the management of contacts should encompass health, psychological, material and essential support to adequate living. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Surveillance-2022.4

扩展: 2.c. 七.继续在与可能是疑似，可能或确诊的mpox病例的任何人接触的个人之间进行接触者追踪，包括: 联系人识别 (受保密保护)，通知管理，并通过健康监测进行21天的随访，这可能是由公共卫生官员自行指导或支持的。与联系管理有关的政策应包括对适足生活的健康，心理，物质和基本支持。https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Surveillance-2022.4

EXTENDED: 2.c.viii. Continue to consider the targeted use of second- or third-generation smallpox or mpox vaccines (hereafter referred to as vaccine(s)) for post-exposure prophylaxis in contacts, including household, sexual and other contacts of community cases and health workers where there may have been a breach of personal protective equipment (PPE). https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Immunization

扩展: 2.c. 八.继续考虑在接触者 (包括家庭，可能违反个人防护装备 (PPE) 的社区病例和卫生工作者的性接触和其他接触。https:// www.who.int/publications/i/item/who-MPX-预防接种

EXTENDED: 2.c.ix. Continue to consider the targeted use of vaccines for primary preventive (pre-exposure) vaccination, particularly for persons and communities at high risk of exposure. Persons at highest risk of exposure in the multi-country outbreak are gay, bisexual or other MSM with multiple partners. Others at risk may include individuals with multiple casual sexual partners, sex workers, and those who may be exposed and at risk for more severe disease. Those at risk may also include health workers prone to repeated exposure, laboratory personnel working with orthopoxviruses, and clinical laboratory personnel performing diagnostic testing for mpox.

扩展：2.c.ix。继续考虑针对性地使用疫苗进行初级预防（暴露前）接种，特别是针对暴露风险高的人群和社区。在多国疫情中暴露风险最高的人是同性恋、双性恋或其他有多个伴侣的男同性恋者。其他处于危险中的人可能包括有多个临时性伴侣的人、性工作者，以及那些可能接触并面临更严重疾病风险的人。高危人群还可能包括易于反复接触的卫生工作者、正痘病毒实验室工作人员以及进行猴痘诊断测试的临床实验室工作人员。

https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Immunization

https:// www.who.int/publications/i/item/who-MPX-预防接种

EXTENDED: 2.c.x. Continue to convene the National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) for any decision about immunization policy and the use of vaccines. Recommendations should be informed by risks-benefits analysis. In all circumstances, vaccinees should be informed of the time required for protective immunity potentially offered by vaccination. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Immunization

扩展: 2.c. x。继续召集国家预防接种技术咨询小组 (NITAG) 就预防接种政策和疫苗使用做出任何决定。建议应以风险-收益分析为依据。在任何情况下，都应告知疫苗接种可能提供的保护性免疫所需的时间。https:// www.who.int/publications/i/item/who-MPX-预防接种

EXTENDED: 2.c.xi. Continue to engage the communities at high risk of exposure in the decision-making process regarding any vaccine roll out. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Immunization

扩展: 2.c. xi。继续让暴露风险高的社区参与任何疫苗推出的决策过程。https:// www.who.int/publications/i/item/who-MPX-预防接种

EXTENDED: 2.c.xii. Continue to undertake thorough risk assessments, prepare for, and rapidly respond to any case or outbreak of mpox in congregate settings. This includes hospitals, prisons, migrant worker residences, or other situations where population density may be high, including facilities for internally displaced persons or refugees. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/multi-country-outbreak-of-mpox--external-situation-report--13---5-january-2023

扩展: 2.c. 十二.继续进行彻底的风险评估，准备并迅速应对聚集环境中的任何情况或爆发的mpox。这包括医院，监狱，移徙工人住所或其他人口密度可能很高的情况，包括为国内流离失所者或难民提供的设施。https:// www.who.int/publications/m/item/mul--------------------------------------------------------------13---5--2023

2.d. Clinical management and infection prevention and control

2.d.临床管理与感染预防与控制

EXTENDED: 2.d.i. Establish and continue to use recommended clinical care pathways and protocols for the screening, triage, isolation, testing, and clinical assessment of suspected persons with mpox in all clinical settings where persons with compatible clinical syndromes may present, including but not limited to urgent or primary care, sexual health services and dermatology clinics; provide training to health care providers accordingly and monitor the implementation of those protocols. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Clinical-and-IPC-2022.1

扩展: 2.D.i.建立并继续使用推荐的临床护理途径和方案，用于筛查、分诊、隔离、测试和临床评估所有临床环境中可能出现兼容临床综合征的患者的可疑患者，包括但不限于紧急或初级保健、性健康服务和皮肤科诊所；相应地向医疗保健提供者提供培训，并监测这些协议的执行情况。https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Clinical-and-IPC-2022.1

EXTENDED: 2.d.ii. Establish and continue to implement protocols related to infection prevention and control (IPC) measures in line with the most recent WHO guidance, encompassing engineering and administrative controls and the use of PPE; provide training to health care providers accordingly, and monitor the implementation of those protocols. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Clinical-and-IPC-2022.1

扩展: 2.d. ii。根据世卫组织最新指南，建立并继续执行与感染预防和控制 (IPC) 措施有关的协议，包括工程和行政控制以及PPE的使用; 相应地向卫生保健提供者提供培训，并监测这些协议的执行情况。https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Clinical-and-IPC-2022.1

MODIFIED: 2.d.iii. Continue to provide health and laboratory workers with adequate PPE, as appropriate for health facility and laboratory settings, and provide all personnel with training in the use of PPE. Consider pre-exposure preventive vaccination for health workers as appropriate based on assessed benefits and risks. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Clinical-and-IPC-2022.1; https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Immunization

修改: 2.d. iii。继续为卫生和实验室工作人员提供适当的个人防护用品，以适应卫生设施和实验室设置，并为所有人员提供使用个人防护用品的培训。根据评估的收益和风险，酌情考虑对卫生工作者进行接触前预防接种。https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Clinical-and-IPC-2022.1; https:// www.who.int/publications/i/item/who-MPX-预防接种

EXTENDED: 2.d.iv. Continue to establish, update, and implement evidence-based clinical protocols for the care and management of people with uncomplicated mpox (e.g., keeping lesions clean, pain control, and maintaining adequate hydration and nutrition); and the various manifestations of severe disease; prevention and treatment of acute complications; and monitoring and management of mid- or long-term sequelae, including provision of social and psychological support where needed. Establish mpox case detection and care through integrated approaches with established sexual health and HIV prevention and care services, including through community engagement with civil society organisations. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Clinical-and-IPC-2022.1

扩展：2.d.iv.继续建立、更新和实施以证据为基础的临床方案，用于护理和管理无并发症的猴痘患者（例如，保持病灶清洁、疼痛控制、保持充足的水分和营养）；以及严重疾病的各种表现；预防和治疗急性并发症；监测和管理中长期后遗症，包括在需要时提供社会和心理支持。通过与已建立的性健康和艾滋病毒预防和护理服务的综合方法，包括通过社区与民间社会组织的接触，建立猴痘病例检测和护理。https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Clinical-and-IPC-2022.1

EXTENDED: 2.d.v. Continue to harmonise data collection and report clinical outcomes, using the WHO Global Clinical Platform for mpox. https://www.who.int/tools/global-clinical-platform/monkeypox

扩展: 2.d. v。使用WHO全球mpox临床平台，继续协调数据收集和报告临床结果。https://www.who.int/tools/global-临床-平台/猴痘

2.e. Medical countermeasures research

2.e.医学对策研究

EXTENDED: 2.e.i. Continue to make all efforts to use existing or new vaccines against mpox within a framework of collaborative clinical efficacy studies, using standardized design methods and data collection tools for clinical and outcome data, to rapidly increase evidence generation on efficacy and safety, collect data on effectiveness of vaccines (e.g., such as comparison of one or two dose vaccine regimens), and conduct vaccine effectiveness studies. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Immunization

扩展: 2.e. i.继续尽一切努力在合作临床疗效研究的框架内使用现有或新的抗mpox疫苗，使用标准化设计方法和临床和结果数据收集工具，以快速增加有效性和安全性的证据生成，收集疫苗有效性数据 (例如，例如一剂或两剂疫苗方案的比较)，并进行疫苗有效性研究。https:// www.who.int/publications/i/item/who-MPX-预防接种

EXTENDED: 2.e.ii. Continue to make all efforts to use existing or new therapeutics and antiviral agents for the treatment of mpox within a framework of collaborative clinical efficacy studies, using standardized design methods and data collection tools for clinical and outcome data, to rapidly increase evidence generation on efficacy and safety. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Clinical-and-IPC-2022.1

扩展: 2.e. ii。继续尽一切努力，在合作临床疗效研究的框架内使用现有或新的治疗药物和抗病毒药物治疗mpox，使用标准化设计方法和临床和结果数据的数据收集工具，以迅速增加有效性和安全性的证据生成。https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Clinical-and-IPC-2022.1

EXTENDED: 2.e.iii. When the use of vaccines and antivirals for mpox in the context of a collaborative research framework is not possible, use under expanded access protocols can be considered, such as the Monitored Emergency Use of Unregistered and Investigational Interventions (MEURI), under certain circumstances, using harmonized data collection for clinical outcomes (such as the WHO Global Clinical Platform for mpox). https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240041745

扩展: 2.e. iii。如果在合作研究框架的背景下无法使用疫苗和抗病毒药物用于mpox，则可以考虑在扩大的访问协议下使用，例如在某些情况下监视紧急情况下使用未注册和研究干预措施 (MEURI)，使用统一的临床结果数据收集 (例如WHO全球mpox临床平台)。https:// www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240041745

EXTENDED: 2.e.iv. Continue to encourage, support and facilitate data gathering and priority research in areas of work relevant to mpox, including but not limited to disease transmission and the natural history of disease’ diagnostics and innovative technologies including point-of-care tests, viral kinetics across specimen types and animal diagnostics; behavioural insights research and studies on effectiveness of interventions; exposure risk for health workers and pre- and post-exposure management; research on zoonotic transmission of mpox at the human-animal-environment interface, including, socio-economic and behavioural risk factors, and indications for environmental surveillance in wastewater. https://www.who.int/news-room/events/detail/2022/06/02/default-calendar/who-monkeypox-research--what-are-the-knowledge-gaps-and-priority-research-questions

扩展：2.e.iv.继续鼓励、支持和促进与猴痘相关的工作领域的数据收集和优先研究，包括但不限于疾病传播和疾病诊断的自然史以及创新技术，包括点对点检测、跨样本类型的病毒动力学和动物诊断；行为洞察研究和干预措施有效性研究；卫生工作者的接触风险以及接触前和接触后的管理；猴痘在人-动物-环境界面上的人畜共患传播研究，包括社会经济和行为风险因素，以及废水中环境监测指标。https://www.who.int/news-room/events/detail/2022/06/02/default-calendar/who-monkeypox-research--what-are-the-knowledge-gaps-and-priority-research-questions

2.f. Domestic and international travel

2.f.国内和国际旅行

EXTENDED: 2.f.i. Continue to adopt and apply the following measures:

扩展: 2.f. i.继续采取和实施以下措施:

Any individual who is suspected, probable, or confirmed mpox=infected by jurisdictional health authorities should avoid undertaking any travel, including international travel, until they are cleared to do so. Anyone who is unwell should be advised to seek medical attention prior to travel.

任何被司法管辖区卫生当局怀疑、可能或确认感染了mpox的个人都应避免进行任何旅行，包括国际旅行，直到他们获准这样做为止。建议任何身体不适的人在旅行前就医。

Any individual who has been identified as a contact of a person with mpox, and is therefore subject to health monitoring, should avoid undertaking any travel, including international travel during the health monitoring period, except for contacts for whom pre-departure arrangements to ensure continuity of health monitoring are agreed upon by the health authorities concerned, or, in the case of international travel, between national health authorities.

任何被确认为患有mpox的人的接触者，因此受到健康监测的个人，应避免在健康监测期间进行任何旅行，包括国际旅行，除有关卫生当局商定出发前安排以确保健康监测的连续性的联系人外，在国际旅行的情况下，国家卫生当局之间商定。

Exemptions apply for any person with mpox or contact and who may need to undertake travel to seek urgent medical care or flee from life threatening situations, such as conflict or natural disasters.

豁免适用于任何患有mpox或接触者，并且可能需要旅行以寻求紧急医疗或逃离威胁生命的情况，如冲突或自然灾害。

https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Surveillance-2022.4 Cross-border workers, who are identified as having been exposed to mpox, and, hence, under health monitoring, can continue their routine daily activities provided that health monitoring is duly coordinated by the jurisdictional health authorities from both/all sides of the border.

https:// www.who.int/publications/i/item/被确定为接触过mpox的WHO-MPX-Surveillance-2022.4跨境工人，因此，在健康监测下，只要健康监测由边境两侧/所有辖区卫生当局适当协调。

EXTENDED: 2.f.ii. Continue to maintain operational channels between health authorities, transportation authorities, and conveyances and points of entry operators to:

扩展: 2.f. ii。继续维持卫生当局、运输工具和入境点运营商之间的运营渠道，以:

Facilitate international contact tracing in relation to individuals who have developed signs and symptoms compatible with MPXV infection during travel or upon return;

促进在旅行期间或返回时出现与MPXV感染相容的体征和症状的个人的国际接触者追踪；

Provide communication materials at points of entry on signs and symptoms consistent with mpox; infection prevention and control; and on how to seek medical care at the place of destination;

在入境点提供有关与mpox一致的体征和症状的沟通材料; 感染预防和控制; 以及如何在目的地寻求医疗服务；

WHO advises against any additional general or targeted international travel-related measures other than those specified in paragraphs 2.f.i and 2.f.ii

世卫组织建议除第2.F.i和2.f. ii段规定的措施外，不要采取任何其他一般或有针对性的国际旅行相关措施

Zoonotic transmission (3): States Parties, with known or suspected zoonotic transmission of mpox, including those where zoonotic transmission is known to occur or has been reported in the past, those where presence of MPXV has been documented in any animal species, and those where infection of animals may be suspected including in domestic pets, livestock or wildlife in newly affected countries. These recommendations apply to all States Parties.

人畜共患病传播 (3): 已知或怀疑有人畜共患病传播的缔约国，包括已知或过去曾报道过人畜共患病传播的缔约国，在任何动物物种中都有MPXV存在的缔约国，那些可能被怀疑感染动物的动物，包括新受影响国家的家养宠物、牲畜或野生动物。这些建议适用于所有缔约国。

EXTENDED: 3.a. Continue to establish or activate collaborative One Health coordination or other mechanisms at federal, national, subnational and/or local level, as relevant, between public health, veterinary, and wildlife authorities for understanding, monitoring and managing the risk of animal-to-human and human-to-animal transmission in natural habitats, forested and other wild or managed environments, wildlife reserves, domestic and peri-domestic settings, zoos, pet shops, animal shelters and any settings where animals may come into contact with domestic waste.

扩展: 3.a.继续在公共卫生，兽医和野生动物当局之间建立或激活联邦，国家，国家以下和/或地方各级的协作卫生协调或其他机制，以进行了解，监测和管理自然栖息地、森林和其他野生或管理环境、野生动物保护区、家庭和家庭周围环境、动物园、宠物店、动物收容所和任何动物可能接触生活垃圾的环境中动物对人类和人对动物传播的风险。

MODIFIED: 3.b. Continue to undertake detailed case investigations and studies to characterize transmission patterns, including suspected or documented spillovers from, and spillback, to animals. In all settings, and particularly for States Parties in the African and Eastern Mediterranean Regions, case investigation forms should be updated and adapted to elicit information on the full range of possible exposures and modes of both zoonotic and human-to-human transmission. Share the findings of these endeavours including ongoing case reporting with WHO and reporting of animal cases to WOAH. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Clinical_CRF-2022.3

修改: 3.b.继续进行详细的案例调查和研究，以表征传播模式，包括可疑或有记录的从动物溢出和溢出到动物的传播。在所有情况下，特别是对于非洲和东地中海地区的缔约国，应更新和调整案件调查表格，以获取有关人畜共患病和人传人的全部可能暴露和模式的信息。分享这些努力的结果，包括与世卫组织正在进行的病例报告和向WOAH报告动物病例。https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Clinical_CRF-2022.3

Development and deployment of medical countermeasures (4): These recommendations applie to all States Parties and particularly including those with capacity to innovate, develop and/or manufacture medical countermeasures

制定和部署医疗对策 (4): 这些建议适用于所有缔约国，特别是包括那些有能力创新，开发和/或制造医疗对策的缔约国

MODIFIED: 4.a. States Parties should continue to pursue and/or support research, development, manufacturing capacity, and where possible technology transfer for mpox diagnostics, vaccines or therapeutics to enhance availability and raise production.

修改: 4.a.缔约国应继续追求和/或支持mpox诊断，疫苗或疗法的研究，开发，制造能力以及在可能的情况下进行技术转让，以提高可用性并提高产量。

EXTENDED: 4.b. States Parties and manufacturers should continue to work with WHO to ensure diagnostics, vaccines, therapeutics, and other necessary supplies are made available based on public health needs, solidarity and at reasonable cost to countries where they are most needed to support efforts to stop the onward spread of mpox.

扩展: 4.b.缔约国和制造商应继续与世卫组织合作，确保根据公共卫生需求、团结一致并以合理的成本向最需要的国家提供诊断、疫苗、治疗和其他必要用品，以支持阻止mpox继续传播的努力。