Wilderness Safety

荒野安全

Visitors to the Yosemite Wilderness must accept the risks as part of the Wilderness experience. Common sense and some knowledge of safe travel and camping techniques will help to protect yourself and others from harm. Be alert to the following situations:

约塞米蒂荒野的游客必须接受风险，作为荒野体验的一部分。常识和一些安全旅行和露营技术的知识将有助于保护自己和他人免受伤害。注意以下情况：

Weather

天气

Sudden changes in weather catch many unaware. Drenching thunderstorms can form in a matter of hours, and snow can fall at any time of the year. Be prepared for all weather conditions. Thunderstorms are a frequent and spectacular occurrence in the Yosemite Wilderness. These summer storms often bring intense rain, hail, and lightning strikes, particularly in mid to late afternoon (but can occur at any time). Plan to be over passes and away from high open areas by noon. During a storm, stay away from peaks (particularly Half Dome), ridges, caves, water, and open areas. Seek shelter in low forested areas, but avoid tall, solitary trees. By setting up camp in a safe location before lightning begins, you can enjoy the power and spectacle of a mountain thunderstorm without apprehension.

天气的突然变化让许多人措手不及。暴雨可能在几个小时内形成，一年中的任何时候都可能下雪。为各种天气条件做好准备。在约塞米蒂荒野，雷暴是一种频繁而壮观的现象。这些夏季风暴通常会带来强烈的降雨、冰雹和雷击，尤其是在下午中后期（但也可能在任何时候发生）。计划在中午之前越过山口，远离开阔地带。暴风雨期间，远离山峰（尤其是半圆顶）、山脊、洞穴、水域和开阔地带。在低矮的森林地区寻找庇护，但要避开高大孤独的树木。通过在闪电开始前在一个安全的地方扎营，你可以无忧无虑地享受山区雷暴的力量和奇观。

Early Season Snow

初雪

Even during spring and early summer, large areas of Yosemite may retain significant snow cover. After wet winters, winter conditions can exist at the higher elevations well into July. Travel over snow can be hazardous, and excellent navigation skills, combined with a compass and proper maps, are a must (with a few exceptions, trails are not marked for winter travel). When hiking over snow, prevent sunburn by wearing sunglasses, a long-sleeved shirt, a hat, and sunscreen. Be aware of running water under the snow or covered logs and rocks that may have formed unstable snow bridges. Falls can result in sprained ankles, broken legs, and even hypothermia in cold water. In addition, avoid travel on steep slopes: falls may cause to you to slide into rocks and talus fields, again resulting in injury or death.

即使在春季和初夏，约塞米蒂的大片地区也可能保留大量积雪。潮湿的冬天过后，高海拔地区的冬季条件会持续到7月。在雪地上旅行可能是危险的，出色的导航技能，加上指南针和合适的地图，是必须的（除了少数例外，冬季旅行没有标记路径）。在雪地上徒步旅行时，戴上太阳镜、长袖衬衫、帽子和防晒霜来防止晒伤。注意雪下的流水或覆盖的圆木和岩石，它们可能形成了不稳定的雪桥。跌倒会导致脚踝扭伤，腿骨折，甚至在冷水中体温过低。此外，避免在陡坡上旅行：跌倒可能会导致你滑入岩石和距骨场，再次导致受伤或死亡。

High Water

高水位

During spring and early summer, runoff from melting snow causes high water levels and swift currents in rivers and streams. Please remember that any unbridged stream crossing may be hazardous. Cross in a wide, shallow spot that is not above rapids or falls. Unbuckle waist straps, use a long stick for stability, and face upstream while crossing. Never tie yourself in to safety ropes--they can drown you. Water will be very cold. Use caution to prevent conditions that may lead to hypothermia. During or immediately following heavy rain events water can rise rapidly so use extra caution when these conditions are present.

在春季和初夏，融雪产生的径流导致河流和小溪水位高，水流湍急。请记住，任何无桥的河流穿越都可能是危险的。穿过一个不在急流或瀑布上方的又宽又浅的地方。解开腰带，用一根长棍保持稳定，过马路时面向上游。千万不要把自己绑在安全绳上——它们会淹死你。水会很冷。小心预防可能导致体温过低的情况。在大雨期间或之后，水位会迅速上升，因此在出现这些情况时要格外小心。

Wildlife

野生动物

Very few people have been killed by wildlife in Yosemite, but injuries occur each year and are usually due to the actions of people rather than actions of animals. Respect animals at a distance: never feed or approach them. If you encounter wildlife, maintain a safe distance. Animals are unpredictable and may respond to a perceived threat with instinctive "fight or flight" behavior. If an animal approaches you, it is your responsibility to move away to maintain a safe distance (except in the case of a bear, which you should attempt to scare away). Do not allow animals to get your food. Contact with humans can result in animals becoming comfortable around people and alter their diets and behavior, making them less suitable to survive in the wild. (Read more about what to do if you see a bear.)

在约塞米蒂，很少有人被野生动物杀死，但伤害每年都会发生，通常是由于人的行为而不是动物的行为。保持距离尊重动物：永远不要喂食或接近它们。如果遇到野生动物，保持安全距离。动物是不可预测的，可能会对感知到的威胁做出本能的“战斗或逃跑”行为。如果有动物靠近你，你有责任离开以保持安全距离（除了熊，你应该试图吓跑它）。不要让动物得到你的食物。与人类接触会导致动物在人类周围变得舒适，并改变它们的饮食和行为，使它们不太适合在野外生存。（阅读更多关于看到熊该怎么办的内容。）

Mountain Lions

山狮

Mountain lions are shy and rarely seen, but they live throughout Yosemite. Watch children closely and never let them run ahead or lag behind on the trail. Talk to children about lions and teach them what to do if they meet one. Never approach a mountain lion. Don't run, but hold your ground or back away slowly. Face the lion and stand upright. Do all you can to appear larger. Grab a stick. Raise your arms. If you have small children with you, pick them up. If the lion behaves aggressively, wave your arms, shout and throw objects at it. The goal is to convince it that you are not prey and may be dangerous yourself. If attacked, fight back!

美洲狮很害羞，很少见到，但它们生活在整个约塞米蒂。密切观察孩子，永远不要让他们跑在前面或落后。和孩子们谈论狮子，教他们如果遇到狮子该怎么做。永远不要接近美洲狮。不要跑，而是坚守阵地或慢慢后退。面对狮子，站直。尽你所能让自己看起来更大。抓住一根棍子。举起你的手臂。如果你带着小孩，去接他们。如果狮子表现得咄咄逼人，挥动你的手臂，大喊大叫，向它扔东西。目标是让它相信你不是猎物，你自己可能也很危险。如果被攻击，反击！

Tick Borne Diseases

蜱传疾病

There are two known diseases carried by ticks in this area: Lyme disease and relapsing fever. Not all ticks carry these diseases. If you are bitten by a tick, and later experience flu-like symptoms, contact your doctor and mention you had a tick bite. If you are diagnosed as having Lyme disease or relapsing Fever, and you believe you got it in Yosemite, have your doctor contact the park sanitarian at 209/379-1033.

这个地区有两种已知的由蜱携带的疾病：莱姆病和回归热。不是所有的蜱都携带这些疾病。如果你被蜱虫叮咬，随后出现类似流感的症状，请联系你的医生，并告知你被蜱虫叮咬过。如果你被诊断患有莱姆病或回归热，并且你认为你是在约塞米蒂感染的，请让你的医生拨打209/379-1033联系公园疗养院。

Giardia

贾第鞭毛虫

Giardiasis is an intestinal disease caused by Giardia lamblia, a water-borne protozoan. Giardia is carried by humans and some domestic and wild animals. All water or melted snow must be treated by boiling, using an iodine-based purifier, or using a Giardia-rated water filter. Associated symptoms include chronic diarrhea, abdominal cramps, bloating, fatigue, and loss of weight. Treatment by a physician is necessary to kill the organisms.

贾第鞭毛虫病是一种由贾第鞭毛虫引起的肠道疾病，贾第鞭毛虫是一种水传播的原生动物。贾第鞭毛虫由人类和一些家畜和野生动物携带。所有的水或融化的雪必须通过煮沸、使用碘基净化器或使用贾第鞭毛虫等级的水过滤器来处理。相关症状包括慢性腹泻、腹部绞痛、腹胀、疲劳和体重减轻。医生的治疗是杀死微生物所必需的。

Emergencies

紧急情况

Be prepared for emergencies: carry a first aid kit and know how to use it. Please know and stay within your limitations to protect yourself and others from rescues which can be dangerous and expensive. Rangers do not keep track of overdue hikers: it is your responsibility to make sure someone knows where you are going and when you are due back. Keep in mind that cell phones will not get reception in most Wilderness areas and satellite phones will not work in all areas.

为紧急情况做好准备：携带一个急救箱，并知道如何使用它。请了解并保持在你的限度内，以保护自己和他人免受危险和昂贵的救援。护林员不会跟踪逾期的徒步旅行者：你有责任确保有人知道你要去哪里，什么时候回来。请记住，手机在大多数荒野地区收不到信号，卫星电话也不是在所有地区都能用。

Wilderness Safety Tips

野外安全提示

It is your responsibility to be aware of potential dangers and to take steps necessary to minimize the chance that you will become lost or injured.

您有责任意识到潜在的危险，并采取必要的措施将迷路或受伤的可能性降至最低。

Let someone know your itinerary and instruct them to contact emergency personnel if you are overdue. (The park's emergency communication center's phone number is 209/379-1992. This number is for emergencies only!)

让某人知道你的行程，并指示他们在你过期时联系急救人员。（公园紧急通讯中心的电话号码是209/379-1992。这个号码只用于紧急情况！）

Stay on the trail! In addition to causing severe erosion and damage to fragile habitat, hiking off trail increases the potential for injury or becoming lost.

继续追踪！除了对脆弱的栖息地造成严重的侵蚀和破坏，徒步旅行还增加了受伤或迷路的可能性。

When hiking with a group, keep track of each other and wait at all trail junctions.

当和一群人一起徒步旅行时，要互相跟踪，并在所有的路口等待。

Always carry extra food and water, rain gear, and warm clothing in case you have to spend the night out unexpectedly.

总是携带额外的食物和水、雨具和保暖衣物，以防你不得不意外外出过夜。

If you become ill or injured on the trail and are unable to hike, send someone in your party or a passing hiker for help. Write down and give the messenger your exact location, age, gender, height, weight, and a description of your illness/injury in order to ensure the appropriate emergency response.

如果你在旅途中生病或受伤，无法徒步旅行，派你的团队中的某个人或路过的徒步旅行者寻求帮助。写下并给信使你的确切位置、年龄、性别、身高、体重，以及你的疾病/受伤的描述，以确保适当的紧急反应。

If you become disoriented or lost, attempt to fix your location using a map, compass, and landmarks. If you are unable to locate the trail, stay put! Use a mirror or reflective object to signal for help. Any signal done three times in a series is a universal distress call.

如果你迷失方向或迷路了，试着用地图、指南针和地标来确定你的位置。如果你找不到踪迹，就呆在原地！使用镜子或反光物体发出求救信号。任何连续发出三次的信号都是通用的求救信号。