中办国办发文：深化生态保护补偿制度改革

The General Office of the CPC Central Committee issued a document: Deepening the reform of ecological protection compensation system

近日，中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发了《关于深化生态保护补偿制度改革的意见》，并发出通知，要求各地区各部门结合实际认真贯彻落实。

Recently, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council issued the Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the Ecological Protection Compensation System, and issued a notice requesting all regions and departments to earnestly implement it in conjunction with the actual situation.

《关于深化生态保护补偿制度改革的意见》全文如下。

The full text of "Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Ecological Protection Compensation System" is as follows.

生态环境是关系党的使命宗旨的重大政治问题，也是关系民生的重大社会问题。生态保护补偿制度作为生态文明制度的重要组成部分，是落实生态保护权责、调动各方参与生态保护积极性、推进生态文明建设的重要手段。为深入贯彻习近平生态文明思想，进一步深化生态保护补偿制度改革，加快生态文明制度体系建设，现提出如下意见。

The ecological environment is a major political issue related to the Party's mission and purpose, as well as a major social issue related to people's livelihood. As an important part of the ecological civilization system, the ecological protection compensation system is an important means to implement the rights and responsibilities of ecological protection, mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties to participate in ecological protection and promote the construction of ecological civilization. In order to thoroughly implement Xi Jinping's thought on ecological civilization, further deepen the reform of the ecological protection compensation system and accelerate the construction of the ecological civilization system, the following opinions are put forward.

一、总体要求

I. General Requirements

(一)指导思想。以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，深入贯彻党的十九大和十九届二中、三中、四中、五中全会精神，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，立足新发展阶段，贯彻新发展理念，构建新发展格局，践行绿水青山就是金山银山理念，完善生态文明领域统筹协调机制，加快健全有效市场和有为政府更好结合、分类补偿与综合补偿统筹兼顾、纵向补偿与横向补偿协调推进、强化激励与硬化约束协同发力的生态保护补偿制度，推动全社会形成尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然的思想共识和行动自觉，做好碳达峰、碳中和工作，加快推动绿色低碳发展，促进经济社会发展全面绿色转型，建设人与自然和谐共生的现代化，为维护国家生态安全、奠定中华民族永续发展的生态环境基础提供坚实有力的制度保障。

(I) Guiding ideology. Guided by Xi Jinping's thought of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 19th CPC National Congress and the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th Plenary Sessions of the 19th CPC Central Committee, adhere to the general keynote of seeking progress in a stable manner, base on the new development stage, implement the new development concept, build a new development pattern, practice the concept that green water and green mountains are the silver mountain of gold, improve the coordination mechanism in the field of ecological civilization, accelerate the improvement of an effective market and a proactive government We should also improve the ecological protection compensation system that better combines effective market and active government, integrates classified and comprehensive compensation, coordinates vertical and horizontal compensation, strengthens incentives and hardens constraints, promotes the formation of a consensus and consciousness of action in society to respect nature, respond to nature and protect nature, does a good job of carbon peaking and carbon neutral work, accelerates green and low-carbon development, promotes comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, and builds This will provide a solid and powerful institutional guarantee for maintaining national ecological security and laying the foundation of the ecological environment for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation.

(二)工作原则

(2) Working Principles

——系统推进，政策协同。坚持和加强党的全面领导，统筹谋划、全面推进生态保护补偿制度及相关领域改革，加强各项制度的衔接配套。按照生态系统的整体性、系统性及其内在规律，完善生态保护补偿机制，促进对生态环境的整体保护。

-- Systematic advancement and policy synergy. Adhere to and strengthen the overall leadership of the Party, plan and comprehensively promote the ecological protection compensation system and reforms in related fields, and strengthen the convergence and support of various systems. In accordance with the integrity and systemic nature of ecosystems and their intrinsic laws, we will improve the ecological protection compensation mechanism and promote the overall protection of the ecological environment.

——政府主导，各方参与。充分发挥政府开展生态保护补偿、落实生态保护责任的主导作用，积极引导社会各方参与，推进市场化、多元化补偿实践。逐步完善政府有力主导、社会有序参与、市场有效调节的生态保护补偿体制机制。

-- Government-led, participation of all parties. Give full play to the government's leading role in carrying out ecological protection compensation and implementing ecological protection responsibilities, actively guide the participation of all social parties, and promote market-oriented and diversified compensation practices. Gradually improve the institutional mechanism of ecological protection compensation which is strongly led by the government, orderly participation by the society and effective regulation by the market.

——强化激励，硬化约束。加快推进法治建设，运用法律手段规范生态保护补偿行为。清晰界定各方权利义务，实现受益与补偿相对应、享受补偿权利与履行保护义务相匹配。健全考评机制，依规依法加大奖惩力度、严肃责任追究。

-- Strengthen incentives and harden constraints. Accelerate the construction of the rule of law, and use legal means to regulate ecological protection compensation behaviour. Clearly define the rights and obligations of all parties, so as to realize that benefits and compensation correspond, and that the right to enjoy compensation matches the obligation to perform protection. Improve the evaluation mechanism, increase the rewards and punishments in accordance with the law, and seriously pursue responsibility.

(三)改革目标。到2025年，与经济社会发展状况相适应的生态保护补偿制度基本完备。以生态保护成本为主要依据的分类补偿制度日益健全，以提升公共服务保障能力为基本取向的综合补偿制度不断完善，以受益者付费原则为基础的市场化、多元化补偿格局初步形成，全社会参与生态保护的积极性显著增强，生态保护者和受益者良性互动的局面基本形成。到2035年，适应新时代生态文明建设要求的生态保护补偿制度基本定型。

(iii) Reform target. By 2025, an ecological protection compensation system that is in line with the state of economic and social development will be basically complete. The classification compensation system based mainly on the cost of ecological protection will become increasingly sound, the comprehensive compensation system with the basic orientation of enhancing the ability to guarantee public services will be improved, a market-oriented and diversified compensation pattern based on the beneficiary-pays principle will take initial shape, the enthusiasm of the whole society to participate in ecological protection will be significantly enhanced, and a situation of positive interaction between ecological protectors and beneficiaries will be basically formed. By 2035, the ecological protection compensation system that meets the requirements of the construction of ecological civilization in the new era will be basically finalized.

二、聚焦重要生态环境要素，完善分类补偿制度

Second, focus on important ecological environment factors and improve the classification compensation system.

健全以生态环境要素为实施对象的分类补偿制度，综合考虑生态保护地区经济社会发展状况、生态保护成效等因素确定补偿水平，对不同要素的生态保护成本予以适度补偿。

To improve the implementation of the classification of ecological and environmental elements as the object of compensation system, comprehensive consideration of the economic and social development of ecological protection areas, ecological protection effectiveness and other factors to determine the level of compensation, the cost of ecological protection of different elements to be moderate compensation.

(一)建立健全分类补偿制度。加强水生生物资源养护，确保长江流域重点水域十年禁渔落实到位。针对江河源头、重要水源地、水土流失重点防治区、蓄滞洪区、受损河湖等重点区域开展水流生态保护补偿。健全公益林补偿标准动态调整机制，鼓励地方结合实际探索对公益林实施差异化补偿。完善天然林保护制度，加强天然林资源保护管理。完善湿地生态保护补偿机制，逐步实现国家重要湿地(含国际重要湿地)生态保护补偿全覆盖。完善以绿色生态为导向的农业生态治理补贴制度。完善耕地保护补偿机制，因地制宜推广保护性耕作，健全耕地轮作休耕制度。落实好草原生态保护补奖政策。研究将退化和沙化草原列入禁牧范围。对暂不具备治理条件和因保护生态不宜开发利用的连片沙化土地依法实施封禁保护，健全沙化土地生态保护补偿制度。研究建立近海生态保护补偿制度。

(a) Establish and improve the classification and compensation system. Strengthen the conservation of aquatic biological resources and ensure that a 10-year ban on fishing in key waters of the Yangtze River Basin is in place. Conduct compensation for ecological protection of water flows in key areas such as river sources, important water sources, key soil erosion control areas, flood storage areas and damaged rivers and lakes. Improve the mechanism for dynamic adjustment of compensation standards for public welfare forests, and encourage localities to explore the implementation of differentiated compensation for public welfare forests in line with actual practice. Improve the natural forest protection system and strengthen the management of natural forest resources protection. Improve the compensation mechanism for ecological protection of wetlands, and gradually achieve full coverage of compensation for ecological protection of wetlands of national importance (including wetlands of international importance). Improve the green ecology-oriented agricultural ecological governance subsidy system. Improve the compensation mechanism for arable land protection, promote conservation farming according to local conditions, and improve the system of rotational fallowing of arable land. Implement a good policy of compensating for grassland ecological protection. Study the inclusion of degraded and sandy grasslands in the scope of the grazing ban. Implement a ban on sandy land that is not suitable for treatment and should not be exploited for ecological protection, and improve the compensation system for ecological protection of sandy land. Study the establishment of a compensation system for ecological protection of the offshore.

(二)逐步探索统筹保护模式。生态保护地区所在地政府要在保障对生态环境要素相关权利人的分类补偿政策落实到位的前提下，结合生态空间中并存的多元生态环境要素系统谋划，依法稳步推进不同渠道生态保护补偿资金统筹使用，以灵活有效的方式一体化推进生态保护补偿工作，提高生态保护整体效益。有关部门要加强沟通协调，避免重复补偿。

(2) Gradually explore the model of integrated protection. The government of the area where the ecological protection area is located should, on the premise of guaranteeing the implementation of the policy of classifying compensation for the relevant rights holders of ecological and environmental elements, combine the systematic planning of multiple ecological and environmental elements coexisting in the ecological space, steadily promote the integrated use of ecological protection compensation funds from different channels in accordance with the law, and promote ecological protection compensation work in a flexible and effective manner to improve the overall effectiveness of ecological protection. Relevant departments should strengthen communication and coordination to avoid duplication of compensation.

三、围绕国家生态安全重点，健全综合补偿制度

Three, around the national ecological security priorities, improve the comprehensive compensation system

坚持生态保护补偿力度与财政能力相匹配、与推进基本公共服务均等化相衔接，按照生态空间功能，实施纵横结合的综合补偿制度，促进生态受益地区与保护地区利益共享。

We insist on matching ecological protection compensation with financial capacity and promoting equalisation of basic public services, implementing a comprehensive compensation system that combines vertical and horizontal aspects according to ecological spatial functions, and promoting the sharing of benefits between ecological beneficiary areas and protected areas.

(一)加大纵向补偿力度。结合中央财力状况逐步增加重点生态功能区转移支付规模。中央预算内投资对重点生态功能区基础设施和基本公共服务设施建设予以倾斜。继续对生态脆弱脱贫地区给予生态保护补偿，保持对原深度贫困地区支持力度不减。各省级政府要加大生态保护补偿资金投入力度，因地制宜出台生态保护补偿引导性政策和激励约束措施，调动省级以下地方政府积极性，加强生态保护，促进绿色发展。

(a) Increase vertical compensation. Gradually increase the scale of transfer payments for key ecological function areas in conjunction with the central government's financial resources. Central budgetary investment is tilted towards the construction of infrastructure and basic public service facilities in key ecological function areas. Continue to give ecological protection compensation to ecologically fragile areas out of poverty, and maintain undiminished support for former deep poverty areas. Provincial governments should increase investment in ecological protection compensation funds, introduce guiding policies and incentive and restraint measures for ecological protection compensation according to local conditions, and mobilize local governments below the provincial level to strengthen ecological protection and promote green development.

(二)突出纵向补偿重点。对青藏高原、南水北调水源地等生态功能重要性突出地区，在重点生态功能区转移支付测算中通过提高转移支付系数、加计生态环保支出等方式加大支持力度，推动其基本公共服务保障能力居于同等财力水平地区前列。建立健全以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系生态保护补偿机制，根据自然保护地规模和管护成效加大保护补偿力度。各省级政府要将生态功能重要地区全面纳入省级对下生态保护补偿转移支付范围。

(2) Highlight the focus of vertical compensation. For areas of outstanding ecological functional importance such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the South-North Water Transfer Water Source, support will be increased in the transfer payment measurement of key ecological functional areas by increasing the transfer payment coefficient and adding ecological and environmental protection expenditures, so as to promote their ability to guarantee basic public services to the forefront of areas with the same level of financial resources. Establish and improve the ecological protection compensation mechanism of the nature reserve system with national parks as the main body, and increase the protection compensation according to the scale of nature reserves and the effectiveness of their management and care. Each provincial government should fully incorporate ecologically important areas with ecological functions into the scope of provincial transfer payments for downstream ecological protection compensation.

(三)改进纵向补偿办法。根据生态效益外溢性、生态功能重要性、生态环境敏感性和脆弱性等特点，在重点生态功能区转移支付中实施差异化补偿。引入生态保护红线作为相关转移支付分配因素，加大对生态保护红线覆盖比例较高地区支持力度。探索建立补偿资金与破坏生态环境相关产业逆向关联机制，对生态功能重要地区发展破坏生态环境相关产业的，适当减少补偿资金规模。研究通过农业转移人口市民化奖励资金对吸纳生态移民较多地区给予补偿，引导资源环境承载压力较大的生态功能重要地区人口逐步有序向外转移。继续推进生态综合补偿试点工作。

(c) Improve vertical compensation methods. Implement differentiated compensation in transfer payments for key ecological function areas based on the spillover of ecological benefits, importance of ecological functions, sensitivity and fragility of the ecological environment, etc. Introduce the ecological protection red line as a relevant transfer payment allocation factor, and increase support for areas with a higher proportion of ecological protection red line coverage. Explore the establishment of a reverse correlation mechanism between compensation funds and industries related to the destruction of the ecological environment, and appropriately reduce the scale of compensation funds for the development of industries related to the destruction of the ecological environment in areas with important ecological functions. Study the compensation of areas that absorb more ecological migrants through incentive funds for the civilisation of the agricultural transfer population, and guide the gradual and orderly transfer of population out of important areas with ecological functions that are under greater pressure to carry resources and the environment. Continue to promote the pilot work of comprehensive ecological compensation.

(四)健全横向补偿机制。巩固跨省流域横向生态保护补偿机制试点成果，总结推广成熟经验。鼓励地方加快重点流域跨省上下游横向生态保护补偿机制建设，开展跨区域联防联治。推动建立长江、黄河全流域横向生态保护补偿机制，支持沿线省(自治区、直辖市)在干流及重要支流自主建立省际和省内横向生态保护补偿机制。对生态功能特别重要的跨省和跨地市重点流域横向生态保护补偿，中央财政和省级财政分别给予引导支持。鼓励地方探索大气等其他生态环境要素横向生态保护补偿方式，通过对口协作、产业转移、人才培训、共建园区、购买生态产品和服务等方式，促进受益地区与生态保护地区良性互动。

(iv) Improve the horizontal compensation mechanism. Consolidate the results of the pilot cross-provincial watershed horizontal ecological protection compensation mechanism, and summarize and promote mature experience. Encourage localities to speed up the construction of cross-provincial upstream and downstream horizontal ecological protection compensation mechanisms in key watersheds, and carry out cross-regional joint prevention and joint treatment. Promote the establishment of horizontal ecological protection compensation mechanisms for the entire Yangtze River and Yellow River basins, and support provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) along the river to independently establish inter-provincial and intra-provincial horizontal ecological protection compensation mechanisms in the main streams and important tributaries. For cross-provincial and cross-municipal compensation for horizontal ecological protection in key watersheds with particularly important ecological functions, the central and provincial governments will provide guidance and support respectively. Localities are encouraged to explore ways to compensate for horizontal ecological protection of other ecological and environmental factors such as the atmosphere, and to promote positive interaction between beneficiary areas and ecological protection areas through counterpart collaboration, industrial transfer, talent training, joint construction of parks, and purchase of ecological products and services.

四、发挥市场机制作用，加快推进多元化补偿

Four, play the role of the market mechanism, accelerate the promotion of diversified compensation

合理界定生态环境权利，按照受益者付费的原则，通过市场化、多元化方式，促进生态保护者利益得到有效补偿，激发全社会参与生态保护的积极性。

Reasonable definition of ecological environment rights, in accordance with the principle of beneficiary payment, through marketization and diversification, promote the interests of ecological protectors to be effectively compensated, stimulate the enthusiasm of the whole society to participate in ecological protection.

(一)完善市场交易机制。加快自然资源统一确权登记，建立归属清晰、权责明确、保护严格、流转顺畅、监管有效的自然资源资产产权制度，完善反映市场供求和资源稀缺程度、体现生态价值和代际补偿的自然资源资产有偿使用制度，对履行自然资源资产保护义务的权利主体给予合理补偿。在合理科学控制总量的前提下，建立用水权、排污权、碳排放权初始分配制度。逐步开展市场化环境权交易。鼓励地区间依据区域取用水总量和权益，通过水权交易解决新增用水需求。明确取用水户水资源使用权，鼓励取水权人在节约使用水资源基础上有偿转让取水权。全面实行排污许可制，在生态环境质量达标的前提下，落实生态保护地区排污权有偿使用和交易。加快建设全国用能权、碳排放权交易市场。健全以国家温室气体自愿减排交易机制为基础的碳排放权抵消机制，将具有生态、社会等多种效益的林业、可再生能源、甲烷利用等领域温室气体自愿减排项目纳入全国碳排放权交易市场。

(a) Improve the market transaction mechanism. Accelerate the unified registration of natural resources rights, establish a property rights system for natural resources assets with clear attribution, clear rights and responsibilities, strict protection, smooth flow and effective supervision, improve a system for the paid use of natural resources assets that reflects market supply and demand and the scarcity of resources, reflects ecological values and inter-generational compensation, and provide reasonable compensation to the subjects of rights for fulfilling their obligations to protect natural resources assets. On the premise of reasonable and scientific control of the total amount, establish a system for the initial allocation of water use rights, emission rights and carbon emission rights. Gradually carry out market-based trading of environmental rights. Encourage inter-regional settlement of new water demand through water rights trading based on the total volume and rights and interests of regional water abstraction. Clarify the rights of water users to use water resources and encourage water rights holders to transfer their rights to abstract water for a fee on the basis of the economical use of water resources. Fully implement the emissions permit system, and implement the paid use and trading of emissions rights in ecological protection areas on the premise that ecological and environmental quality standards are met. Accelerate the construction of a national market for the trading of energy use rights and carbon emission rights. Improve the carbon emission rights offsetting mechanism based on the national voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction trading mechanism, and include voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction projects in forestry, renewable energy, methane utilization and other areas with various ecological and social benefits into the national carbon emission rights trading market.

(二)拓展市场化融资渠道。研究发展基于水权、排污权、碳排放权等各类资源环境权益的融资工具，建立绿色股票指数，发展碳排放权期货交易。扩大绿色金融改革创新试验区试点范围，把生态保护补偿融资机制与模式创新作为重要试点内容。推广生态产业链金融模式。鼓励银行业金融机构提供符合绿色项目融资特点的绿色信贷服务。鼓励符合条件的非金融企业和机构发行绿色债券。鼓励保险机构开发创新绿色保险产品参与生态保护补偿。

(2) Expand market-based financing channels. Study and develop financing instruments based on water rights, emission rights, carbon emission rights and other types of resource and environmental rights and interests, establish a green stock index and develop carbon emission rights futures trading. Expand the scope of pilot green financial reform and innovation zones, and make innovation in ecological protection compensation financing mechanisms and models an important pilot element. Promote the ecological industry chain financial model. Encourage banking financial institutions to provide green credit services that meet the characteristics of green project financing. Encourage eligible non-financial enterprises and institutions to issue green bonds. Encourage insurance institutions to develop innovative green insurance products to participate in ecological protection compensation.

(三)探索多样化补偿方式。支持生态功能重要地区开展生态环保教育培训，引导发展特色优势产业、扩大绿色产品生产。加快发展生态农业和循环农业。推进生态环境导向的开发模式项目试点。鼓励地方将环境污染防治、生态系统保护修复等工程与生态产业发展有机融合，完善居民参与方式，建立持续性惠益分享机制。建立健全自然保护地控制区经营性项目特许经营管理制度。探索危险废物跨区域转移处置补偿机制。

(3) Explore diversified ways of compensation. Support ecological and environmental education and training in areas with important ecological functions, and guide the development of industries with special advantages and expand the production of green products. Accelerate the development of eco-agriculture and circular agriculture. Promote pilot projects for ecologically and environmentally oriented development models. Encourage localities to organically integrate environmental pollution prevention and control, ecosystem protection and restoration projects with eco-industry development, improve ways for residents to participate, and establish sustainable benefit-sharing mechanisms. Establish a sound management system for the concession of operational projects in nature reserve control areas. Explore compensation mechanisms for the inter-regional transfer and disposal of hazardous waste.

五、完善相关领域配套措施，增强改革协同

Five, improve supporting measures in related fields, enhance reform coordination

加快相关领域制度建设和体制机制改革，为深化生态保护补偿制度改革提供更加可靠的法治保障、政策支持和技术支撑。

We will speed up system construction and system and mechanism reform in related fields to provide more reliable legal protection, policy support and technical support for deepening the reform of the ecological protection compensation system.

(一)加快推进法治建设。落实环境保护法、长江保护法以及水、森林、草原、海洋、渔业等方面法律法规。加快研究制定生态保护补偿条例，明确生态受益者和生态保护者权利义务关系。开展生态保护补偿、重要流域及其他生态功能区相关法律法规立法研究，加快黄河保护立法进程。鼓励和指导地方结合本地实际出台生态保护补偿相关法规规章或规范性文件。加强执法检查，营造依法履行生态保护义务的法治氛围。

(a) Accelerate the construction of the rule of law. Implement the Environmental Protection Law, the Yangtze River Protection Law and laws and regulations on water, forests, grasslands, oceans and fisheries. Accelerate the study and formulation of regulations on ecological protection compensation, and clarify the relationship between the rights and obligations of ecological beneficiaries and ecological protectors. Carry out research on ecological protection compensation, laws and regulations related to important watersheds and other ecological function areas, and accelerate the legislative process for the protection of the Yellow River. Encourage and guide localities to introduce regulations or normative documents related to ecological protection compensation in line with local practices. Strengthen enforcement and inspection to create an atmosphere of rule of law for fulfilling ecological protection obligations in accordance with the law.

(二)完善生态环境监测体系。加快构建统一的自然资源调查监测体系，开展自然资源分等定级和全民所有自然资源资产清查。健全统一的生态环境监测网络，优化全国重要水体、重点区域、重点生态功能区和生态保护红线等国家生态环境监测点位布局，提升自动监测预警能力，加快完善生态保护补偿监测支撑体系，推动开展全国生态质量监测评估。建立生态保护补偿统计指标体系和信息发布制度。

(2) Improve the ecological and environmental monitoring system. Accelerate the construction of a unified natural resources survey and monitoring system, carry out natural resources grading and inventory of all natural resources assets owned by the whole nation. Improve the unified ecological environment monitoring network, optimize the layout of national ecological environment monitoring points for important water bodies, key regions, key ecological function areas and ecological protection red lines, enhance the capacity for automatic monitoring and early warning, accelerate the improvement of the monitoring support system for ecological protection compensation, and promote the development of national ecological quality monitoring and assessment. Establish a statistical indicator system and information release system for ecological protection compensation.

(三)发挥财税政策调节功能。发挥资源税、环境保护税等生态环境保护相关税费以及土地、矿产、海洋等自然资源资产收益管理制度的调节作用。继续推进水资源税改革。落实节能环保、新能源、生态建设等相关领域的税收优惠政策。逐步探索对预算支出开展生态环保方面的评估。实施政府绿色采购政策，建立绿色采购引导机制，加大绿色产品采购力度，支持绿色技术创新和绿色建材、绿色建筑发展。

(3) Play the regulating function of financial and taxation policies. Play the regulatory role of resource tax, environmental protection tax and other taxes and fees related to ecological and environmental protection, as well as the management system of income from natural resources assets such as land, minerals and oceans. Continue to promote water resources tax reform. Implement preferential tax policies in energy conservation and environmental protection, new energy, ecological construction and other related areas. Gradually explore the assessment of budget expenditures in terms of ecology and environmental protection. Implement the government's green procurement policy, establish a green procurement guidance mechanism, increase green product procurement, and support green technological innovation and the development of green building materials and green buildings.

(四)完善相关配套政策措施。建立占用补偿、损害赔偿与保护补偿协同推进的生态环境保护机制。建立健全依法建设占用各类自然生态空间的占用补偿制度。逐步建立统一的绿色产品评价标准、绿色产品认证及标识体系，健全地理标志保护制度。建立和完善绿色电力生产、消费证书制度。大力实施生物多样性保护重大工程。有效防控野生动物造成的危害，依法对因法律规定保护的野生动物造成的人员伤亡、农作物或其他财产损失开展野生动物致害补偿。积极推进生态保护、环境治理和气候变化等领域的国际交流与合作，开展生态保护补偿有关技术方法等联合研究。

(iv) Improve relevant supporting policies and measures. Establish a mechanism for ecological environmental protection in which compensation for occupation, compensation for damage and compensation for protection are promoted in concert. Establish and improve the compensation system for the occupation of various types of natural ecological space occupied by construction in accordance with the law. Gradually establish a unified green product evaluation standard, green product certification and labelling system, and improve the geographical indication protection system. Establish and improve the green power production and consumption certificate system. Vigorously implement major projects for biodiversity conservation. Effectively prevent and control hazards caused by wild animals, and carry out compensation for damage caused by wild animals in accordance with the law for casualties, crop or other property damage caused by wild animals protected under the law. Actively promote international exchanges and cooperation in the fields of ecological protection, environmental governance and climate change, and conduct joint research on technical methods and other issues related to ecological protection compensation.

六、树牢生态保护责任意识，强化激励约束

Six, the tree firm ecological protection responsibility consciousness, strengthen incentives and constraints

健全生态保护考评体系，加强考评结果运用，严格生态环境损害责任追究，推动各方落实主体责任，切实履行各自义务。

We will improve the evaluation system for ecological protection, strengthen the application of evaluation results, strictly investigate the responsibility for ecological environmental damage, and promote all parties to implement their main responsibilities and earnestly fulfill their respective obligations.

(一)落实主体责任。地方各级党委和政府要强化主体责任意识，树立正确政绩观，落实领导干部生态文明建设责任制，压实生态环境保护责任，严格实行党政同责、一岗双责，加强政策宣传，积极探索实践，推动改革任务落细落实。有关部门要加强制度建设，充分发挥生态保护补偿工作部际联席会议制度作用，及时研究解决改革过程中的重要问题。财政部、生态环境部要协调推进改革任务落实。生态保护地区所在地政府要统筹各渠道生态保护补偿资源，加大生态环境保护力度，杜绝边享受补偿政策、边破坏生态环境。生态受益地区要自觉强化补偿意识，积极主动履行补偿责任。

(a) Implement the main responsibility. Local party committees and governments at all levels should strengthen the awareness of the main responsibility, establish a correct view of performance, implement the responsibility system for ecological civilization construction for leading cadres, compact the responsibility for ecological environmental protection, strictly implement the same responsibility for the party and government and double responsibility for one post, strengthen policy publicity, actively explore and practice, and promote the implementation of the reform tasks in detail. The relevant departments should strengthen institutional development, give full play to the role of the inter-ministerial joint meeting system for ecological protection compensation, and promptly study and resolve important issues in the reform process. The Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Ecology and Environment should coordinate the implementation of the reform tasks. The governments of ecological protection areas should coordinate ecological protection compensation resources from all sources and increase efforts to protect the ecological environment, so as to prevent the ecological environment from being destroyed while enjoying compensation policies. Ecological beneficiary areas should consciously strengthen their awareness of compensation and actively fulfil their compensation responsibilities.

(二)健全考评机制。在健全生态环境质量监测与评价体系的基础上，对生态保护补偿责任落实情况、生态保护工作成效进行综合评价，完善评价结果与转移支付资金分配挂钩的激励约束机制。按规定开展有关创建评比，应将生态保护补偿责任落实情况、生态保护工作成效作为重要内容。推进生态保护补偿资金全面预算绩效管理。加大生态环境质量监测与评价结果公开力度。将生态环境和基本公共服务改善情况等纳入政绩考核体系。鼓励地方探索建立绿色绩效考核评价机制。

(2) Improve the evaluation mechanism. On the basis of a sound monitoring and evaluation system for ecological environment quality, a comprehensive evaluation of the implementation of the responsibility for ecological protection compensation and the effectiveness of ecological protection work should be conducted, and the incentive and restraint mechanism linking the evaluation results to the allocation of transfer funds should be improved. The implementation of the responsibility for ecological protection compensation and the effectiveness of ecological protection work should be taken as an important element in carrying out the relevant creation and evaluation as required. Promote comprehensive budget performance management of ecological protection compensation funds. Increase efforts to make the results of ecological environment quality monitoring and evaluation public. Incorporate the improvement of the ecological environment and basic public services, etc. into the performance appraisal system. Encourage localities to explore the establishment of green performance assessment and evaluation mechanisms.

(三)强化监督问责。加强生态保护补偿工作进展跟踪，开展生态保护补偿实施效果评估，将生态保护补偿工作开展不力、存在突出问题的地区和部门纳入督察范围。加强自然资源资产离任审计，对不顾生态环境盲目决策、造成严重后果的，依规依纪依法严格问责、终身追责。

(three) to strengthen supervision and accountability. We will strengthen the tracking of the progress of ecological protection compensation work, carry out the evaluation of the implementation effect of ecological protection compensation, and bring into the scope of supervision regions and departments that have failed to carry out ecological protection compensation work and have outstanding problems. We will strengthen the auditing of natural resources assets leaving office. For those who blindly make decisions regardless of the ecological environment and cause serious consequences, we will be strictly accountable in accordance with regulations, disciplines and laws, and will be held accountable for life.

各地区各有关部门要充分认识深化生态保护补偿制度改革的重要意义，深入贯彻习近平生态文明思想，把思想和行动统一到党中央、国务院决策部署上来，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，主动谋划，精心组织，扎实推进生态文明各项制度建设，切实将制度优势转化为治理效能，努力开创天更蓝、山更绿、水更清的美丽中国建设新局面。

All localities and departments concerned should fully understand the significance of deepening the reform of the compensation system for ecological protection. Thoroughly implement Xi Jinping's ecological civilization thought, We will unify our thoughts and actions into the decision-making and deployment of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, enhance the "four consciousnesses", strengthen the "four self-confidence" and achieve the "two maintenance". We will actively plan and carefully organize, push forward the construction of various systems of ecological civilization, effectively transform the advantages of the system into governance efficiency, and strive to create a new situation in the construction of a beautiful China with bluer skies, greener mountains and cleaner water.