充电企业盈利空间在哪里
Where is the profit space of charging enterprises
工业和信息化部发布的数据显示，截至2022年一季度，我国新能源汽车已累计推广突破1000万辆大关。随着新能源汽车的快速发展，充电基础设施建设也在紧锣密鼓推进中。
China has promoted 10 million new energy vehicles by the first quarter of 2022, according to data released by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, the construction of charging infrastructure is also in full swing.
中国电动汽车充电基础设施促进联盟（简称“充电联盟”）信息部主任仝宗旗表示，“十三五”时期，在政策的扶持下，我国充电设施从无到有，逐步解决了有桩充电难的问题。进入“十四五”后，充电设施仍需政策和金融扶持，同时，行业与企业要精细化布局，满足不同场景的充电需求。
Tong Zongqi, director of the information department of China Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Promotion Alliance (hereinafter referred to as "Charging Alliance"), said that during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, under the support of the policy, China's charging facilities from scratch, gradually solved the problem of pile charging difficulty. After entering the 14th Five-Year Plan, charging facilities still need policy and financial support. At the same time, the industry and enterprises should elaborate the layout to meet the charging demand of different scenarios
充电设施“加速跑”
Charging facilities "speed up"
近年来，我国充电基础设施保持增长态势，今年以来，更是“加速跑”。
In recent years, China's charging infrastructure has maintained a growth trend, and since the beginning of this year, it has "accelerated".
充电联盟最新发布的报告显示，截至2022年4月份，全国充电基础设施累计数量为332.4万台，同比增长81.9%。1月份至4月份，充电基础设施增量为70.7万台，其中公共充电桩增量同比增长204.6%，随车配建私人充电桩增量同比增长511.1%。
As of April 2022, the cumulative number of charging infrastructure in China was 3.324 million units, up 81.9 percent year on year, according to a newly released report by the Charging Alliance. From January to April, the increment of charging infrastructure was 707,000 units, among which the increment of public charging piles increased by 204.6% year on year and the increment of private charging piles built with vehicles increased by 511.1% year on year.
充电设施的高速发展，得益于相关政策的支持和推动。今年1月份，国家发展改革委、国家能源局等十部委发布《关于进一步提升电动汽车充电基础设施服务保障能力的实施意见》（以下简称《意见》）。《意见》提出，到“十四五”时期末，我国电动汽车充电保障能力进一步提升，形成适度超前、布局均衡、智能高效的充电基础设施体系，能够满足超过2000万辆电动汽车充电需求。
The rapid development of charging facilities benefits from the support and promotion of relevant policies. In January this year, ten ministries and commissions, including the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration, issued the Implementation Opinions on Further Improving the Service Guarantee Capacity of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure (hereinafter referred to as the Opinions). By the end of the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China's EV charging guarantee capacity will be further improved to form a moderately advanced, balanced, intelligent and efficient charging infrastructure system, which can meet the charging demand of more than 20 million EV, according to the guideline.
仝宗旗认为，《意见》是充电行业的国家级指导文件，在这个文件的指导下，不少地方制定和出台各自细化的管理办法，为充电基础设施建设提供了良好的发展环境和强有力支持。
Tong Zongqi believes that "Opinions" is a national guidance document for the charging industry. Under the guidance of this document, many places have formulated and issued their own detailed management methods, which provide a good development environment and strong support for the construction of charging infrastructure.
政策的利好还在持续到来。近日，中办、国办印发了《关于推进以县城为重要载体的城镇化建设的意见》，提出要优化公共充换电设施建设布局，加快建设充电桩。
The policy bonanza continues. Recently, the Central Government Office and The State Council Office issued the Opinions on Promoting Urbanization Construction with county towns as an important carrier, proposing to optimize the construction layout of public charging facilities and accelerate the construction of charging piles.
新能源汽车中私人消费比例的增加，也为充电设施提出了新的发展空间。私人新能源汽车消费量上来后，对充电基础设施尤其是社区如何解决充电问题提出要求，而对于不能充电的社区，亟需在公共充电设施上解决私人充电需求。值得一提的是，今年1月份至4月份，国内新能源汽车销量为155.6万辆，通过计算得出，桩车增量比为1∶2.2。
The increase in the proportion of private consumption in new energy vehicles has also proposed new development space for charging facilities. After the consumption of private new energy vehicles comes up, it puts forward requirements on charging infrastructure, especially how to solve the charging problem in the community. For the communities that cannot be charged, it is urgent to solve the private charging demand in public charging facilities. It is worth mentioning that from January to April this year, the domestic sales volume of new energy vehicles was 1.556 million. Through calculation, the incremental ratio of pile vehicles was 1: 2.2.
此外，充电基础设施呈现一定地域性特征。公共充电基础设施建设区域较为集中，广东、上海、江苏、北京等TOP10地区建设的公共充电桩占比达72.1%。
In addition, the charging infrastructure presents certain regional characteristics. The construction area of public charging infrastructure is relatively concentrated, and the proportion of public charging piles built in TOP10 regions such as guangdong, Shanghai, jiangsu and Beijing is 72.1%.
仝宗旗表示，相对来讲，南方和东南沿海、中部经济发达地区的新能源汽车推广速度比较快，西北和东北地区由于气候和政策的原因推进慢一点，充电基础设施也呈现上述特点，但整体来讲处于持续高速发展阶段。
Tong Zongqi said that relatively speaking, the promotion of new energy vehicles in the south and southeast coastal areas and the economically developed areas in the central region is relatively fast. Due to climate and policy reasons, the promotion of new energy vehicles in the northwest and northeast regions is slower, and the charging infrastructure also shows the above characteristics, but on the whole It is in a stage of sustained and rapid development.
业绩向好隐忧不少
There are many hidden worries about the good performance.
新能源汽车的快速增加，使得充电基础设施行业被普遍看好，从充电企业公布的经营业绩来看，似乎彰显着企业离盈利不远了。
The rapid increase of new energy vehicles has made the charging infrastructure industry generally optimistic. Judging from the operating results announced by charging companies, it seems that companies are not far from profitability.
日前，易事特披露的2021年年报显示，报告期内，公司新能源汽车充电设施、设备等相关销售收入为1.7亿元，较上年度增长较快，同比增长76.46%。
Recently, easy to disclose the 2021 annual report shows that during the reporting period, the company's new energy vehicle charging facilities, equipment and other related sales revenue of 170 million yuan, a faster growth than the previous year, a year-on-year growth of 76.46%.
实现业绩增长的不止易事特一家，特锐德年报显示，公司2021年度营业收入为94.41亿元，同比增长26.48%；派诺科技近日发布的2021年度报告也显示，报告期内公司实现营业收入约5亿元，同比增长47.66%。
The company's annual report shows that the company's operating income in 2021 was 9.441 billion yuan, up 26.48% from the same period last year. The 2021 annual report recently released by Pinot Technology also shows that the company achieved operating income of about 0.5 billion yuan during the reporting period, up 47.66% from the same period last year.
“充电桩业务发展良好，有望形成新的利润增长点。”英杰电气在其2021年年报中如是说。2021年，英杰电气子公司蔚宇电气的充电桩业务发展状况良好，新签订单持续增长，预计今年业绩将保持稳定增长。
"Charging pile business is developing well and is expected to form a new profit growth point." Yingjie Electric said in its 2021 annual report. In 2021, Yingjie Electric subsidiary Weiyu Electric charging pile business development is in good condition, new signed orders continue to grow, it is expected that this year's performance will maintain stable growth.
业绩不断提升，印证着充电桩市场进入加快放量期，伴随其中的还有持续的高额研发投入和建设费用。特来电母公司特锐德董事长于德翔对外称，特锐德、特来电在过去七八年的时间里，在研发上累计投入了20多亿元，分别打造了“面向于碳中和的新型电力系统”和“面向于大规模电动汽车的充电网”两大面向未来的核心产品。于德翔用“提前布局，未来可期”形容企业的这一选择。
The continuous improvement of performance confirms that the charging pile market has entered a period of accelerated volume expansion, accompanied by continuous high R&D investment and construction expenses. Yu Dexiang, chairman of Telide, the parent company of Telide, said that in the past seven or eight years, Telide and Telide have invested more than 2 billion yuan in research and development, respectively creating two future-oriented core products: "a new type of carbon neutral power system" and "a charging network for large-scale electric vehicles". Yu Dexiang used "advance layout, the future can be expected" to describe the enterprise's choice.
快电首席执行官于翔表示，目前大多数充电运营商都处于市场扩张阶段。面向未来广阔的充换电基础设施市场，产业链上下游各方都想要抓住机遇，持续加大投入抢占市场成为必然选择。
Yu Xiang, CEO of Kuaidian, said most charging operators are currently in the stage of market expansion. Facing the broad charging and replacement infrastructure market in the future, all parties in the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain want to seize the opportunity and continue to increase investment to seize the market has become an inevitable choice.
与企业持续“输血”相对的是，充换电基础设施投资回报周期很长。为了抢占市场，充电桩行业出现“价格战”，部分充电APP甚至曾打着“1分钱充电”“1块钱充满一辆车”的口号争抢用户。
In contrast to the continuous "blood transfusion" of enterprises, the return on investment in charging and replacing infrastructure is very long. In order to seize the market, there was a "price war" in the charging pile industry. Some charging apps even competed for users under the slogans of "1 cent charging" and "1 dollar is full of a car.
在种种“烧钱”行为的压力下，充电企业想要真正盈利并不容易，也陆续出现了不少出局者。天眼查数据显示，目前国内充电桩相关企业有22万余家，2019年至2021年三年间新增数量为11.3万家，注销数量达1.6万家。
Under the pressure of various "burning money" behaviors, it is not easy for charging companies to make real profits, and many people have emerged one after another. Eye-on-eye data shows that there are currently more than 220,000 domestic charging pile-related enterprises, with 113,000 new and 16,000 cancellations in the three years from 2019 to 2021.
对此，仝宗旗认为，由于超前投建和新能源汽车保有量不高，目前充电企业盈利压力依旧很大。生产企业为了卖出设备，有时会压低价格，这对行业发展十分不利。充电联盟联合其他各方正在积极推进市场准入条件，对进入行业的企业设置一定的门槛，以减少恶性竞争。运营企业打“价格战”的阶段基本快过去了，特别是新能源汽车私人消费逐渐增长，对价格不会像B端那样敏感，对服务的要求则会相对提高。
In this regard, Tong Zongqi believes that due to the advance investment and new energy vehicle ownership is not high, the current charging enterprises are still under great pressure to make profits. Manufacturers sometimes drive down prices in order to sell equipment, which is bad for the industry. The charging alliance, together with other parties, is actively promoting market access conditions and setting certain thresholds for enterprises entering the industry to reduce vicious competition. The stage of "price war" for operating enterprises is almost over, especially the gradual growth of private consumption of new energy vehicles, which will not be as sensitive to price as the B end, and the requirements for service will be relatively higher.
精细化运营是关键
Refined operation is the key
在江苏南京，有一家充电站内配备了食品冷库。这是为什么？
In Nanjing, Jiangsu, there is a charging station equipped with a food cold storage. Why is this?
原来，充电站周围几个小区都比较高档，业主对于海鲜和水果有比较高的要求。冷链物流公司主动找到充电站求合作，来确保冷链配送的稳定性。
It turns out that several residential areas around the charging station are relatively high-grade, and the owners have relatively high requirements for seafood and fruits. Cold chain logistics companies take the initiative to find charging stations for cooperation to ensure the stability of cold chain distribution.
“这就是根据用户新需求，拓展了新的创收模式。”仝宗旗说，充电站光靠充电来盈利还是比较困难的，对于企业来讲，要探索新的商业模式来提高服务收益。现在很多充电站不仅提供充电，还提供自助洗车、便利店、咖啡厅，甚至还有图书室。这就是“充电+”，根据不同的需求分析来配备设施和服务。
"This is to expand the new income generation mode according to the new needs of users." Tong Zongqi said that it is difficult for charging stations to make profits by charging alone. For enterprises, it is necessary to explore new business models to improve service revenue. At present, many charging stations not only provide charging, but also provide self-service car washing, convenience stores, cafes and even libraries. This is "charging", equipped with facilities and services according to different demand analysis.
从充电企业层面来看，仝宗旗认为，企业要着力去精细化布局和提升服务，精准定位什么样的车需要什么样的充电桩。比如，新能源车有客车、物流车、公交车、私家车、网约车等不同种类的车辆，出行场景和充电场景是不一样的，这就要求充换电基础设施要有不同设置。
From the perspective of charging enterprises, Tong Zongqi believes that enterprises should focus on fine layout and service improvement, and accurately locate what kind of car needs what kind of charging pile. For example, new energy vehicles include different types of vehicles such as buses, logistics vehicles, buses, private cars, and online car-hailing. The travel scene and charging scene are different, which requires different settings for charging and swapping infrastructure.
他提出，一是企业要精准定位业务范围和目标群体；二是要精细化服务，把服务做好而不是靠价格战；三是关键确保安全，生产和运营各个环节安全的监控监管、安全预警以及快速响应，都要到位。
He proposed that, first, enterprises should accurately locate the business scope and target groups; second, they should refine the service and do a good job instead of relying on price war; and third, the key is to ensure safety. Safety monitoring and supervision, safety early warning and rapid response in all aspects of production and operation should be in place.
从区域布局来看，充电设施区域不均的问题也将得到改善。根据交通运输部披露的统计数据，目前全国已有3102个高速公路服务区建设了充换电基础设施，共建成充电桩约13374个，主要集中在京津冀、长三角、珠三角等东部地区，西部及东北地区覆盖率相对较低。
From the perspective of regional layout, the problem of uneven charging facilities will also be improved. According to the statistics disclosed by the Ministry of Transport, there are currently 3102 expressway service areas across the country that have built charging and replacement infrastructure, and a total of about 13374 charging piles have been built, mainly concentrated in the eastern regions such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta. The coverage rate in the western and northeastern regions is relatively low.
交通运输部公路局副局长周荣峰在近日举行的新闻发布会上透露，近期，交通运输部已会同国家能源局等部门，研究起草了加快推进公路沿线充电基础设施建设行动方案，拟按照“桩站先行、以供促需，因地制宜、分类推进，广泛覆盖、适度超前，通用开放、智能高效”的原则，加快形成“固定充电设施为主体，移动充电设施为补充”的公路沿线充电设施网络，不断满足日益增长的电动汽车充电需求。
Zhou Rongfeng, deputy director of the Highway Bureau of the Ministry of Transport, revealed at a recent press conference that recently, the Ministry of Transport, in conjunction with the National Energy Administration and other departments, has studied and drafted an action plan for accelerating the construction of charging infrastructure along the highway., To promote demand, adapt measures to local conditions, promote classified advancement, extensive coverage, moderate advancement, general openness, intelligent and efficient "principle, accelerate the formation of a network of charging facilities along the highway with" fixed charging facilities as the main body and mobile charging facilities as supplements "to continuously meet the growing demand for electric vehicle charging.
从地区发展来看，仝宗旗认为，国家层面已经给出了实施意见，各个地方可以针对指导文件再细化，根据自身条件和新能源汽车推广情况，立足实际制定充换电设施发展规划。
From the perspective of regional development, Tong Zongqi believes that the implementation opinions have been given at the national level, and each place can further refine the guidance documents, and formulate the development plan of charging and swapping facilities based on its own conditions and the promotion of new energy vehicles.
对充电行业的未来，仝宗旗很有信心。他说：“目前，充电桩保有量是300多万台，未来10倍都不止，发展空间还是非常大的。”
Tong Zongqi is very confident about the future of the charging industry. He said: "At present, the number of charging piles is more than 300 million, which will be more than 10 times in the future. There is still a lot of room for development."
