林草高质量发展 | 江淮千层秀 青山带笑颜
High-quality development of forest and grass Jianghuai Qianceng Xiu Qingshan brings a smile
安徽聚焦护绿、增绿、管绿、用绿、活绿五大任务，持续推动林业高质量发展。图为长江防护林安庆段。 孙永新供图
Anhui focuses on five major tasks: protecting, increasing, managing, using and living green, and continuously promotes the high-quality development of forestry. The picture shows Anqing section of Yangtze River Shelterbelt. Photo courtesy of Sun Yongxin
绿水青山，天赋于皖；江淮大地，生机无限。2017年，安徽率先在全国推行林长制。5年来，安徽聚焦护绿、增绿、管绿、用绿、活绿五大任务，在“林”上精准发力，在“长”上履职尽责，在“制”上探索创新，进一步激活了林业发展“整盘棋”。
Clear water and green mountains, talent in Anhui; Jianghuai land, infinite vitality. In 2017, Anhui took the lead in implementing the forest-growing system nationwide. In the past five years, Anhui has focused on the five tasks of green protection, green enhancement, green management, green use and green living. It has made precise efforts in "forest", fulfilled its duties in "long", explored and innovated in "system", and further activated the "whole board" of forestry development.
目前，全省已全面建成五级林长组织体系，创建全国首个林长制改革示范区，实施全国首部省级林长制法规《安徽省林长制条例》。林长制改革已成为新时代安徽全面深化改革的标志性品牌。
At present, the province has built a five-level forest chief organization system in an all-round way, created the first demonstration zone of forest chief system reform in China, and implemented the first provincial forest chief system regulation "Regulations of Anhui Province on Forest Chief System". The reform of forest tenure system has become the symbolic brand of Anhui's comprehensive deepening reform in the new era.
聚力解决积年难题
Concentrate on solving the problem of accumulating years
菜子湖国家湿地公园是白头鹤、东方白鹳等珍稀鸟类的重要迁徙地。然而，长期以来的人工围网养殖，造成湿地功能退化，水生动植物数量持续减少。“由于围湖养殖涉及多方利益，单靠林业部门解决难度非常大。”安庆市林业局相关负责人说。
Caizi Lake National Wetland Park is an important migration place for rare birds such as white-headed cranes and oriental white storks. However, the artificial purse seine culture for a long time has caused the degradation of wetland function and the continuous decrease of aquatic animals and plants. "Because farming around the lake involves multiple interests, it is very difficult to solve it by the forestry department alone." The relevant person in charge of Anqing Forestry Bureau said.
2017年，菜子湖国家湿地公园建设被列入安庆市宜秀区林长制改革重点，当年就拆除围网4.1万米。如今，菜子湖湿地生态环境得到有效修复保护，每年来越冬栖息的候鸟数量超过10万只。
In 2017, the construction of Caizihu National Wetland Park was listed as a key point in the reform of forest chief system in Yixiu District, Anqing City, and 41,000 meters of fence was removed that year. Nowadays, the ecological environment of Caizi Lake wetland has been effectively restored and protected, and the number of migratory birds that come to live in winter every year exceeds 100,000.
林长制改革不仅调动了各部门共谋林业发展的积极性，还提升了林业部门的自身建设水平，啃下了不少硬骨头，解决了一些积年难题。
The reform of forest tenure system not only mobilized the enthusiasm of various departments to seek common forestry development, but also improved the self-construction level of forestry departments, gnawed a lot of hard bones and solved some difficult problems over the years.
峄山森林公园是安徽首家民营省级森林公园，公园道路问题一直困扰着公园投资人宣城市世纪生态林业旅游有限公司董事长赵平。“不是不愿意修，而是修好后的有效管护困难重重。”赵平说。
Yi Mountain forest park is Anhui's first private provincial forest park, the park road problem has been plagued by park investors Xuan city century ecological forestry tourism Co., LTD. Chairman Zhao Ping. "It's not that they don't want to fix it, but it's difficult to manage it effectively." Zhao Pingshui.
林长制实施后，赵平成了公园林长。2017年，政府通过申请项目注入部分资金，在公园建成了双向四车道的柏油马路。“过去不被重视的林地道路，如今被政府纳入公共交通进行管护。我作为林长，配合政府部门参与管护的积极性更高、底气更足。”赵平说。
After the implementation of the forest chief system, Zhao Ping became the park forest chief. In 2017, the government injected some funds through the application project, and built a two-way four-lane asphalt road in the park. "Woodland roads that were not taken seriously in the past are now included in public transportation by the government for management and protection. As a forest chief, I am more motivated and emboldened to cooperate with government departments to participate in management and protection." Zhao Ping said.
安徽林长制改革坚持党委领导，健全完善以党政领导负责制为核心的责任体系，明确党政领导干部保护发展森林、草原、湿地等资源的目标责任，构建了党政同责、属地负责、部门协同、源头治理、全域覆盖的长效机制。
The reform of the forest chief system in Anhui adheres to the leadership of the Party Committee, improves the responsibility system with Party and government leaders as the core, defines the target responsibility of Party and government leaders for protecting and developing forests, grasslands, wetlands and other resources, and constructs a long-term mechanism featuring the shared responsibility of the party and government, territorial responsibility, departmental coordination, source control and whole-region coverage.
各级林长强化工作措施，统筹各方力量，形成了一级抓一级、层层抓落实的工作格局。2022年初，安徽省林长制办公室出台了若干举措，解决林长和林长办“怎么干”的问题，进一步提升了林长履职效能。
Forest chiefs at all levels have strengthened their work measures and coordinated the efforts of all parties, forming a working pattern of grasping one level at a time and implementing it at different levels. At the beginning of 2022, Anhui Provincial Office of Forest Management issued a number of measures to solve the problem of "how to do it", and further improved the performance of forest management.
目前，安徽全省共设各级林长5.2万名，省级出台了林长会议、督查、考核、信息公开、成员单位职责5项基本制度，各地出台配套制度879个。
At present, there are 52,000 forest chiefs at all levels in Anhui Province. Five basic systems, namely, meeting of forest chiefs, supervision, assessment, information disclosure and responsibilities of member units, have been introduced at the provincial level, and 879 supporting systems have been introduced in various places.
激发林业发展活力
Stimulate the vitality of forestry development
滁州市凤阳县有林业专业合作社108家、家庭林场64家、林业大户545个。林长制改革后，县政府出台了“6644”政策，即每亩地补贴2000元，分4年发放，第一、二年600元，第三、四年400元。“这对我们生产经营帮助很大。”凤阳县金标家庭林场负责人黄金标说。
Fengyang County of Chuzhou City has 108 specialized forestry cooperatives, 64 family forest farms and 545 large forestry households. After the reform of the forest chief system, the county government introduced the "6644" policy, that is, each mu of land subsidy 2000 yuan, distributed over four years, the first two years 600 yuan, the third and four years 400 yuan. "It helps us a lot in production and operation." Fengyang County gold standard family forest farm head gold standard said.
除了凤阳县，滁州市南谯区也发挥林长制改革优势，打造了一条20余公里的林区江淮分岭道，解决了林业产品运不出去，山区林农出行难、发展慢的问题。
In addition to Fengyang County, Nanqiao District of Chuzhou City also took advantage of the reform of forest length system, and built a 20-kilometer Jianghuai Ridge Road in forest area, which solved the problems that forest products could not be transported out, forest farmers in mountainous areas were difficult to travel and developed slowly.
“过去我每年的收入只有四五万元，现在有10万元左右了。”南谯区昌春木炭专业合作社木炭切炭加工工人张正峰说，除了做工，他家100亩林地都种上了麻栎，麻栎林采伐价格由合作社担保，稳定在每吨600元。
"In the past, my annual income was only 40,000 yuan to 50,000 yuan, and now it is about 100,000 yuan." Zhang Zhengfeng, a charcoal cutting and processing worker of Changchun Charcoal Professional Cooperative in Nanqiao District, said that in addition to working, Quercus acutissima was planted in 100 acres of forest land in his family, and the cutting price of Quercus acutissima forest was guaranteed by the cooperative, which was stable at 600 yuan per ton.
近年来，安徽扎实推进林长制“五绿”任务，围绕“护绿”加强林业生态保护修复，围绕“增绿”推进城乡造林绿化，围绕“管绿”预防治理森林灾害，围绕“用绿”强化资源多效利用，围绕“活绿”激发林业发展动力。
In recent years, Anhui has solidly promoted the "five greens" task of forest length system, strengthened forestry ecological protection and restoration around "protecting green", promoted urban and rural afforestation around "increasing green", prevented and controlled forest disasters around "managing green", strengthened multi-effect utilization of resources around "using green", and stimulated forestry development momentum around "living green".
作为全国第一批“绿水青山就是金山银山”实践创新基地，宣城市旌德县通过林地入股合作社、发展林下经济、推进全域旅游、参与森林公园建设、探索发展碳汇经济等5种方式，促进林农增收。目前，全县林业新型经营主体盘活林地经营面积36万亩。2021年，全县林业总产值达34.22亿元，较林长制改革前增长43.79%。
As the first batch of practice and innovation bases of "Green Water and Green Mountain is Jinshan Yinshan" in China, Jingde County of Xuancheng City promotes the income of forest farmers by taking shares in cooperatives in forest land, developing under-forest economy, promoting global tourism, participating in the construction of forest parks and exploring the development of carbon sink economy. At present, the county's new forestry business entities revitalize the forest land management area of 360,000 mu. In 2021, the total forestry output value of the county reached 3.422 billion yuan, an increase of 43.79% compared with that before the reform of forest length system.
因地制宜吃生态饭
Eat ecological meals according to local conditions
六安市金寨县大湾村村民杨习伦2014年还住在半山腰，靠卖树维持生计，是村里的建档立卡贫困户。如今，他不仅种植了天麻等中药材，还开了农家乐，一年收入能有七八万元。
Yang Xilun, a villager in Dawan Village, Jinzhai County, Lu'an City, still lived halfway up the mountain in 2014, making a living by selling trees. He is a poverty-stricken household in the village. Now, he not only planted Chinese herbal medicines such as Gastrodia elata Blume, but also opened a farmhouse, earning 70,000 yuan to 80,000 yuan a year.
得益于林长制改革，大湾村以售卖树木、野生植物为主的靠山吃山，转变为以发展林下经济、旅游业为主的靠山吃山，全村吃上了生态饭。
Thanks to the reform of forest tenure system, Dawan Village has changed from selling trees and wild plants to developing under-forest economy and tourism, and the whole village has eaten ecological meals.
2021年，六安全市森林旅游、康养与休闲产业总收入达133.85亿元。目前，六安正逐步完善“一心一廊”“一谷一带”“一岭一库”六大林长制示范功能区林长体系，大力发展油茶、核桃、林下经济等林业产业，加快推进森林旅游康养等新业态发展。
In 2021, the total revenue of forest tourism, health care and leisure industry in Lu 'an City reached 13.385 billion yuan. At present, Lu 'an is gradually improving the "one heart and one corridor", "one valley area", "one ridge and one library" six major forest chief system demonstration functional area forest chief system, vigorously developing the oil tea, walnut, understory economy and other forestry industries, accelerating the development of forest tourism and other new business forms.
改变不只发生在六安。安庆市岳西县黄尾镇借助林长制改革，打造了“景区+协会+农户”的乡村旅游发展模式，通过土地、山场流转以及劳动务工等方式，让农民直接获益。
Change doesn't just happen in Lu'an. Huangwei Town, Yuexi County, Anqing City, with the help of the reform of forest tenure system, has created a rural tourism development model of "scenic spots + associations + farmers", which directly benefits farmers by means of land, mountain field transfer and labor.
近年来，安徽因地制宜发展木本油料林、特色经济林、珍贵乡土树种、苗木花卉和林下经济，精准推进林业产业扶贫，累计培育木本油料省级林业产业化龙头企业13家，带动39个贫困村、1883名贫困户通过参与林业产业增收。
In recent years, Anhui has developed woody oil forests, characteristic economic forests, precious native tree species, seedlings and flowers and under-forest economy according to local conditions, accurately promoted poverty alleviation in forestry industry, and cultivated 13 provincial leading enterprises in forestry industrialization of woody oil, driving 39 poor villages and 1,883 poor households to increase their income by participating in forestry industry.
安徽省林业局党组书记、局长牛向阳说，安徽以深化新一轮林长制改革为契机，正加快建设全国林长制改革示范区，持续打造绿水青山就是金山银山实践创新区、统筹山水林田湖草系统治理试验区、长江三角洲区域生态屏障建设先导区，提升林长制改革成色，推出可复制可推广的制度创新成果，切实把林长制改革打造成安徽的改革名片、生态文明体制改革的品牌。（周敏 章崇志）
Niu Xiangyang, Party Secretary and Director of Anhui Forestry Bureau, said, Anhui takes the opportunity of deepening the new round of forest tenure reform, We are speeding up the construction of a national demonstration zone for the reform of forest tenure system, Continuing to build green mountains and green hills is the Jinshan Yinshan Practice and Innovation Zone, the Experimental Zone for Coordinating the Management of Landscape, Forest, Lake and Grass System, and the Pilot Zone for Ecological Barrier Construction in the Yangtze River Delta Region. Improve the quality of the forest tenure system reform, launch institutional innovations that can be replicated and promoted, and effectively make the forest tenure system reform a reform business card in Anhui and a brand of ecological civilization system reform. (Zhou Min Zhang Chongzhi)
