陕西：让繁茂枝叶留住五千年记忆

Shaanxi: Let the lush branches and leaves retain 5000 years of memory

古柏虬髯苍劲，极富美感。轩辕庙院内的黄帝手植柏，跨越5000余年依然傲立，见证着中华文明源远流长。黄帝手植柏位于陕西省黄陵县轩辕庙院内西侧的保生柏。

The ancient cypress has strong and vigorous beards, which are extremely beautiful. The Huangdi hand-planted cypress in the courtyard of Xuanyuan Temple, spanning over 5000 years, still stands proudly, witnessing the long history of Chinese civilization. The Huangdi hand-planted cypress is located on the west side of the Xuanyuanmiao Courtyard in Huangling County, Shaanxi Province.

近日，黄帝陵管理局护林科护林员祁万红带领班组成员在桥山林区巡护。

Recently, Qi Wanhong, a forest ranger from the Forest Protection Department of the Huangdi Mausoleum Management Bureau, led team members on patrol in the Qiaoshan Forest District.

春分一过，万物生长。5000多岁的古树也不例外，悄悄地在枝头探出了嫩芽。

After the spring equinox, all things grow. Ancient trees over 5000 years old are no exception, quietly sprouting from their branches.

2022年9月，第二次全国古树名木资源普查结果公布，全国5棵树龄在5000年以上的古树名木都在陕西，其中3棵在黄陵县，分别是黄帝手植柏、保生柏和老君柏。

In September 2022, the results of the second national survey of ancient and famous tree resources were announced. Five ancient and famous trees with an age of over 5000 years were all located in Shaanxi, including three in Huangling County, namely Huangdi hand-planted cypress, Baosheng cypress, and Laojun cypress.

一树具一态，巧与造物争。古树名木是记录地球生态变迁的“活文物”。树龄在百年以上的大树即为古树，名木则是具有重要历史、文化、景观与科学价值或具有重要纪念意义的树木。

Each tree has its own state, skillfully competing with creation. Ancient and famous trees are "living relics" that record the ecological changes of the Earth. A large tree over a hundred years old is an ancient tree, while a famous tree is a tree with significant historical, cultural, landscape, and scientific value or significant commemorative significance.

黄陵县登记在册的古树名木有233棵，数量在延安各县（市、区）位列第一。古树群有14个，其中黄帝陵桥山古柏群是我国覆盖面积最大、保存最完整的古柏群。

There are 233 registered ancient and famous trees in Huangling County, ranking first in the number of counties (cities, districts) in Yan'an. There are 14 ancient tree clusters, among which the Huangdi Lingqiao Mountain ancient cypress cluster is the largest and most well preserved ancient cypress cluster in China.

保护古树名木，留住绿水青山。近年来，黄陵县加强对古树名木的保护管理，健全和完善古树名木保护机制，落实保护责任，强化科技支撑，实施动态管理，推动古树名木保护工作更加标准化、科学化、规范化，让古树名木焕发新生机。

Protect ancient and famous trees and retain green waters and mountains. In recent years, Huangling County has strengthened the protection and management of ancient and famous trees, improved and improved the protection mechanism of ancient and famous trees, implemented protection responsibilities, strengthened scientific and technological support, implemented dynamic management, and promoted the standardization, scientificity, and standardization of ancient and famous tree protection work, bringing new vitality to ancient and famous trees.

守护千年名木

Guarding the Millennium Famous Wood

在黄陵县阿党镇川庄村南沟门水库下方的一处开阔地带，有一株历经5000多年风雨，依旧遒劲挺拔、枝繁叶茂的老君柏。

In an open area below the Nangoumen Reservoir in Chuanzhuang Village, Adang Town, Huangling County, there is an old junbai tree that has endured more than 5000 years of wind and rain, still strong and sturdy, with lush branches and leaves.

黄陵县林业工作站副站长王亭说，14年前，老君柏的“家”可不在这里。2009年，南沟门水库水利枢纽工程建设在即，老君柏处于淹没区，黄陵县成立古柏移植领导小组，对其进行保护性移植。

Wang Ting, Deputy Director of the Forestry Workstation in Huangling County, said that 14 years ago, Lao Junbai's "home" was not here. In 2009, the construction of the Nangoumen Reservoir Water Conservancy Project was imminent, and Laojunbai was in the flooded area. Huangling County established a leading group for the transplantation of ancient cypresses to carry out protective transplantation.

“移植工程分三个阶段实施：第一阶段进行树干清理养护、修补空洞、加固树体等工作；第二阶段移栽定植；第三阶段是5年的养护复壮期，管理人员通过叶面施肥、土壤改良等保护复壮措施，确保古树健康生长。”王亭说。

The transplantation project is implemented in three stages: the first stage involves clearing and maintaining tree trunks, repairing voids, and strengthening the tree body; the second stage involves transplanting and planting; the third stage is a 5-year maintenance and rejuvenation period, where management personnel take protective and rejuvenation measures such as foliar fertilization and soil improvement to ensure the healthy growth of ancient trees, "Wang Ting said.

如今，老君柏的“新家”距离原生长地2.5公里。对于有着5000多年树龄的古柏来说，即便是这短短的距离，其移植的技术难度依然很大。

Nowadays, Lao Junbai's "new home" is 2.5 kilometers away from its original place of growth. For the ancient cypress with a tree age of over 5000 years, even within this short distance, the technical difficulty of transplanting remains significant.

王亭曾参与老君柏移植工程，“古树年老，一般树体较大，根系分布广，水分与养分的疏导距离过长，生长势弱则易招致病害。因此，几千年树龄的古树正常生长已属不易，移植难度可想而知。如今老君柏长势旺盛，得益于当时科学细致的技术方案。”王亭说。

Wang Ting once participated in the Old Junbai Transplantation Project. "Ancient trees are old and generally have a large body with a wide distribution of roots. If the distance between water and nutrients is too long, their growth potential is weak, which can easily lead to diseases. Therefore, it is not easy for ancient trees that have been several thousand years old to grow normally, and the difficulty of transplantation can be imagined. Nowadays, Old Junbai grows vigorously, thanks to the scientific and meticulous technical solutions at that time," Wang Ting said.

除做好老君柏等古树名木常规保护工作外，黄陵县还实施“一树一策”保护重点古树名木，开展克隆扩繁保护工程及航天育种工程。

In addition to routine protection of ancient and famous trees such as Laojunbai, Huangling County also implements the "One Tree, One Policy" protection of key ancient and famous trees, and carries out cloning and propagation protection projects and aerospace breeding projects.

2012年，黄帝手植柏、汉武帝挂甲柏克隆扩繁保护工程开始实施，科研人员利用微型扦插、植物组培等无性繁殖方法，成功获得“克隆苗”。2018年4月，“克隆苗”入植南宁园博园。

In 2012, the protection project of Huangdi hand planting cypress and Hanwu Emperor hanging armour cypress cloning and propagation began to be implemented, and researchers successfully obtained "cloned seedlings" by using micro cutting, plant tissue culture and other asexual reproduction methods. In April 2018, the "cloned seedlings" were planted in Nanning Garden Expo Park.

2016年9月，黄帝手植柏种子“搭乘”天宫二号进入太空。这批种子于同年11月18日返回地球。黄帝陵管理局留存其中2016颗种子用于科普宣传教育，其余的种子继续用于林业科研。

In September 2016, the Yellow Emperor planted cypress seeds and "boarded" the Tiangong-2 spacecraft to enter space. This batch of seeds returned to Earth on November 18 of the same year. The Huangdi Mausoleum Management Bureau retained 2016 seeds for science popularization and education, while the remaining seeds continued to be used for forestry research.

如今，在轩辕庙院内西侧的祭祀文化展室内，2016颗黄帝手植柏种子，默默讲述着遨游太空的故事。

Nowadays, in the sacrificial culture exhibition room on the west side of the Xuanyuan Temple courtyard, 2016 Huangdi hand-planted cypress seeds silently tell the story of traveling in space.

2017年3月，用于林业科研的种子被植入陕西南五台珍稀树种种质资源库。2021年，3棵黄帝手植柏亲子苗、3棵汉武帝挂甲柏亲子苗、3棵黄帝手植柏太空苗定植于秦岭植物园。

In March 2017, seeds used for forestry research were implanted into the germplasm resource bank of rare tree species in Nanwutai, Shaanxi. In 2021, three Huangdi hand-planted cypress parent-child seedlings, three Hanwu Emperor Hangjia cypress parent-child seedlings, and three Huangdi hand-planted cypress space seedlings were planted in the Qinling Botanical Garden.

在航天育种的手段下，千年古树的基因得到改良和延续。蕴含其中的，是生生不息的中华文明。

Under the means of space breeding, the genes of millennium old trees have been improved and continued. The essence of it is the endless Chinese civilization.

守望万古长青

Watching the Eternal Youth

黄帝陵是中华文明的精神标识。千百年来，桥山四季常青的古柏默默“守护”着黄帝陵寝。它们已成为中华文明精神标识的物化体现。

The Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor is a spiritual symbol of Chinese civilization. For thousands of years, the evergreen ancient cypress on Qiaoshan has silently "guarded" the tomb of the Yellow Emperor. They have become the embodiment of the spiritual symbols of Chinese civilization.

如今，这些古柏，有一支72人的专职管护队伍“守护”。

Nowadays, these ancient cypresses are guarded by a dedicated 72 person management team.

“每天我们都打起十二分的精神，守好古树。”穿行在古柏林间，黄帝陵管理局护林科护林员祁万红介绍，黄帝陵古柏林区全年都是防火戒严期，护林员一刻都不能松劲。“防火是林区‘五防’中的首要任务。此外，防盗、防虫、防病、防老化等工作也不能松懈。”黄帝陵管理局护林科科长李小军介绍，他们将林区划分为6大管护责任区，由29个管护小班划片包干，并逐级签订管护责任合同，实现了全天候不间断巡护、管护林区。

Every day, we muster up our spirit and guard the ancient trees. Walking through the ancient cypress forest, Qi Wanhong, a forest ranger from the Forest Protection Department of the Huangdi Mausoleum Management Bureau, introduced that the Huangdi Mausoleum Ancient Berlin District has a fire and martial law period throughout the year, and the forest rangers cannot relax for a moment. Fire prevention is the primary task in the 'five prevention' of forest areas. In addition, work such as theft prevention, insect prevention, disease prevention, and aging prevention cannot be relaxed. "Li Xiaojun, the head of the Forest Protection Department of the Huangdi Mausoleum Management Bureau, introduced that they divided the forest area into six major management and protection responsibility areas, with 29 management and protection teams responsible for each area, and signed management and protection responsibility contracts level by level, achieving 24-hour uninterrupted patrol and management of the forest area.

“用8个字概括，就是‘网格管理、防消一体’。”李小军说，大家既是护林员，又是消防员，遇到紧急情况时能随时投入救援，确保万无一失。

In eight words, it means' grid management and fire prevention are integrated ', "Li Xiaojun said. Everyone is both a forest ranger and a firefighter, and they can always be involved in rescue in case of emergency, ensuring that everything is safe.

为全力保障古柏健壮生长，黄帝陵管理局建设了古柏消防系统，建成1200立方米的高位水池2座，安装地下消火栓233台，并建设了5000米的防火墙，将古柏群与周边村组、耕地有效隔离；建成的视频监控系统共设置137个监控点位，实现了对林区全天候、全区域、全时段的监控覆盖。

In order to fully ensure the healthy growth of ancient cypresses, the Huangdi Mausoleum Management Bureau has built a fire protection system for ancient cypresses, built two 1200 cubic meter high water tanks, installed 233 underground fire hydrants, and built a 5000 meter firewall to effectively isolate the ancient cypress cluster from surrounding villages and farmland; The completed video monitoring system has set up a total of 137 monitoring points, achieving 24-hour, regional, and full-time monitoring coverage for forest areas.

为充实消防救援力量，黄帝陵管理局联合县消防救援大队建立了黄帝陵卫星消防救援站，还与甘肃省森林消防总队黄陵驻防队伍建立常态化合作关系，联合开展携装巡护和假日专项行动，确保古柏群安全。

In order to strengthen the firefighting and rescue forces, the Huangdi Mausoleum Management Bureau has established the Huangdi Mausoleum Satellite Firefighting and Rescue Station in conjunction with the County Firefighting and Rescue Brigade. It has also established a regular cooperative relationship with the Huangling Garrison of the Gansu Provincial Forest Fire Brigade, jointly carrying out patrol and holiday special operations to ensure the safety of the ancient cypress population.

“在病虫害防治方面，我们常年聘请西北农林科技大学科研团队开展病虫害监测、调查，针对林区明纹侧柏松毛虫、侧柏毒蛾、柏大蚜等7种主要虫害和侧柏叶枯病、桧柏锈病2种病害的发生情况，常态化监测，制定治理方案，实施综合治理。”李小军说。

"In terms of pest control, we employ the scientific research team of Northwest A&F University of Science and Technology to carry out pest monitoring and investigation all the year round. In view of the occurrence of seven major pests in the forest area, such as the pine caterpillar, the oriental arborvitae moth, and the cypress aphid, and two diseases, such as the leaf blight of oriental arborvitae and the rust of oriental arborvitae, we conduct regular monitoring, develop a treatment plan, and implement comprehensive management." Li Xiaojun said

为做好防老化工作，科研团队利用TRU树木雷达技术等无损检测手段，对黄帝陵手植柏、汉武帝挂甲柏等重点古柏以及一些衰弱古柏进行健康监测，按照“一树一策”制定复壮保护方案，实施树体修复、病虫害综合治理、水气肥管理，促使树势得到较快恢复。

In order to do a good job in anti-aging work, the scientific research team used non-destructive testing methods such as TRU tree radar technology to monitor the health of key ancient cypresses such as Huangdi Mausoleum hand-planted cypress and Hanwu Emperor hanging cypress, as well as some weakened ancient cypresses. According to the "one tree, one policy", a rejuvenation and protection plan was developed, and tree restoration, comprehensive pest and disease management, and water, gas and fertilizer management were implemented to promote rapid recovery of tree vigor.

事实上，以黄帝陵古树群保护为代表，黄陵县不断加大保护力度，采取综合措施对全县散生古树、古柏群、重点古树等实施保护。

In fact, represented by the protection of ancient trees in the Huangdi Mausoleum, Huangling County has continuously increased its protection efforts and taken comprehensive measures to protect scattered ancient trees, ancient cypress clusters, and key ancient trees throughout the county.

普查登记建档是保护古树名木的一项重要措施。“我们建立健全档案管理制度，按古树名木分布生长的地点，明确保护责任。同时，统一登记、编号、建档，完善古树名木的电子数据库，实施动态信息化管理。”黄陵县自然资源局副局长杨小牛说。

Census registration and filing is an important measure to protect ancient and famous trees. We have established a sound archive management system, with clear protection responsibilities based on the distribution and growth locations of ancient and famous trees. At the same time, we have unified registration, numbering, and filing, improved the electronic database of ancient and famous trees, and implemented dynamic information management. "Yang Xiaoniu, Deputy Director of Huangling County Natural Resources Bureau, said.

制度建设也在不断推进。黄陵县落实古树名木保护责任制，明确管护责任，签订管护责任书。以老君柏为例，2017年6月30日，黄陵县林业部门与南沟门水利枢纽工程有限责任公司签订认养协议，认养期限为10年，养护方式为定期浇灌、松土、施肥和病虫害防治等。

Institutional construction is also constantly advancing. Huangling County implements the responsibility system for protecting ancient and famous trees, clarifies management and protection responsibilities, and signs a management and protection responsibility letter. Taking Laojunbai as an example, on June 30, 2017, the forestry department of Huangling County signed an adoption agreement with Nangoumen Water Control Project Co., Ltd., with the adoption period of 10 years and the maintenance methods of regular irrigation, soil loosening, fertilization and pest control.

为更加有效保护古树名木，黄陵县依托林长制，让523名林长充分发挥作用，有力推动了古树名木保护工作。

In order to more effectively protect ancient and famous trees, Huangling County relies on the forest chief system, allowing 523 forest chiefs to fully play their roles and effectively promoting the protection of ancient and famous trees.

从1994年加入护林队以来，祁万红一直坚守在这里。他说，守护黄帝陵就是守护自己的家园，自己会一直在这里，守好这片林子，守望万古长青。

Since joining the forest protection team in 1994, Qi Wanhong has been standing here. He said that guarding the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum means guarding one's own home. He will always be here, guarding this forest well, and watching for eternity.

守住“绿色乡愁”

Defend the 'green homesickness'

与祁万红一样，孙婷也用自己的方式守护着黄陵县的古树名木。

Like Qi Wanhong, Sun Ting also guards the ancient and famous trees in Huangling County in her own way.

身为黄陵县融媒体中心记者的孙婷，如今还担任着黄陵县政协委员。从2022年11月到今年3月，她对黄陵县7个古树群、50多棵古树生长状况、保护情况进行了细致的调研。“多年的采访，让我对黄陵县的古树名木有了更加深入的了解，尤其是今年县政府工作报告中提到‘加强古树名木保护’，让我更有动力。作为政协委员，我要积极履职尽责，为黄陵县古树名木保护建言献策。”孙婷说。

Sun Ting, who is a journalist at the Huangling County Integrated Media Center, still serves as a member of the Huangling County Political Consultative Conference. From November 2022 to March this year, she conducted detailed research on the growth and protection of 7 ancient tree clusters and over 50 ancient trees in Huangling County. "Years of interviews have given me a deeper understanding of the ancient and famous trees in Huangling County, especially the reference in the county Report on the Work of the Government this year to 'strengthen the protection of ancient and famous trees', which has given me more motivation. As a member of the CPPCC, I will actively perform my duties and contribute to the protection of ancient and famous trees in Huangling County," said Sun Ting.

结合所见所闻，孙婷认为，要做好古树名木保护基础性工作，建立更加完善的古树名木管护保障体系；要多措并举，形成全社会参与古树名木管护的大格局；要加大宣传力度，形成浓厚的古树名木文化氛围和生态文明建设氛围。

Based on what she has seen and heard, Sun Ting believes that basic work should be done to protect ancient and famous trees, and a more comprehensive system of management and protection for ancient and famous trees should be established; We need to take multiple measures simultaneously to form a large pattern where the whole society participates in the management and protection of ancient and famous trees; We need to increase publicity efforts to create a strong cultural atmosphere of ancient and famous trees and an atmosphere of ecological civilization construction.

“为加大古树名木的保护力度，我们主要强化了古树名木保护管理的具体内容，对重点古树名木设置围栏、排水沟等，改善光照条件及土壤条件，同时积极开展抢救复壮，使古树名木重新焕发生机。”杨小牛说。

In order to increase the protection efforts of ancient and famous trees, we have mainly strengthened the specific content of the protection and management of ancient and famous trees. We have set up fences, drainage ditches, etc. for key ancient and famous trees, improved lighting conditions and soil conditions, and actively carried out rescue and rejuvenation to revitalize ancient and famous trees, "Yang Xiaoniu said.

除政府保护外，黄陵县能保留众多古树名木，得益于当地群众的自发保护。

In addition to government protection, Huangling County is able to preserve numerous ancient and famous trees, thanks to the spontaneous protection of the local people.

“一棵古树或一个古树群，往往是一个村寨的地理标志。当地群众世代守望相伴古树，形成了一种民间的朴素保护意识。”孙婷说，10多年前老君柏移植时，周边的村民都来送别，与世代守护的古柏留念。

An ancient tree or a group of ancient trees is often a geographical indication of a village. The local people have been guarding the accompanying ancient trees for generations, forming a simple sense of protection among the people. "Sun Ting said that more than 10 years ago, when the old Junbai was transplanted, the surrounding villagers came to bid farewell and commemorate the ancient cypress that has been protected for generations.

在田庄镇东石狮村，4个古柏群长势旺盛，四周均设置了围栏，当地村民保护意识极强。“平时我们主要做好浇水、除草等日常管护，及时清理枯枝、断枝。发现树木有病虫害等问题时，我们会及时通知林业工作站的专业人员前来处理。”东石狮村党支部书记任建民说。

In Dongshishi Village, Tianzhuang Town, four clusters of ancient cypresses are thriving, with fences set up around them. Local villagers have a strong sense of protection. Usually, we mainly do daily management and protection such as watering and weeding, and promptly clean up dead and broken branches. When we discover problems with trees such as diseases and pests, we will promptly notify the professional personnel at the forestry workstation to come and handle them, "said Ren Jianmin, Secretary of the Party Branch of Dongshi Village.

一些造型独特、极富美感的古树名木被当地人赋予不同的故事。东石狮村的古柏形态各异，以龙头柏为主的古柏群按照北斗七星的方位分布，故而得名七星柏。此外，这里还有九州一统柏、五爪柏和莲花柏，奇特的树形吸引不少游客前来观赏。

Some unique and aesthetically pleasing ancient and famous trees have been given different stories by the locals. The ancient cypresses in Dongshishi Village have different forms, and the group of cypresses mainly composed of dragon headed cypresses is distributed according to the orientation of the Big Dipper, hence the name Seven Star cypress. In addition, there are Kyushu unified cypress, five clawed cypress, and lotus cypress here, with their unique tree shapes attracting many tourists to come and admire.

“一个村里有4个古柏群，非常少见，这是我们村独有的资源。后续我们将开发研学游，将古柏群打造成写生基地，让古树名木发挥更大作用。”任建民说。

There are four ancient cypress clusters in a village, which are very rare and unique to our village. In the future, we will develop research tours to turn the ancient cypress clusters into sketching bases, allowing ancient and famous trees to play a greater role, "Ren Jianmin said.

“合理开发，让古树名木焕发新生，不断赋能乡村振兴。”任建民的想法与孙婷不谋而合。

Reasonable development can revitalize ancient and famous trees, continuously empower rural revitalization. Ren Jianmin's idea coincides with Sun Ting's.

古树可以联结历史，唤起乡愁，凝结共同的情感记忆。“我们要将古树名木的保护开发与乡村振兴结合，依托黄陵县作为国家全域旅游示范区的优势，在保护优先的前提下合理利用古树名木资源，推进‘古树+乡村’建设，科学谋划打造古树名木主题广场、景观节点、绿色廊道等绿地空间，让古树名木这些‘绿色乡愁’永远焕发生机活力。”孙婷说。

Ancient trees can connect history, evoke nostalgia, and solidify common emotional memories. We need to combine the protection and development of ancient and famous trees with rural revitalization, rely on the advantages of Huangling County as a national comprehensive tourism demonstration zone, make reasonable use of ancient and famous tree resources under the premise of protection priority, promote the construction of 'ancient trees+rural', scientifically plan and create green spaces such as ancient and famous tree theme squares, landscape nodes, and green corridors, so that these 'green nostalgia' of ancient and famous trees will always be revitalized.