当AI进入校园，教学与成长如何“双向奔赴”？
When AI enters the campus, how can teaching and growth "go in both directions"?
“‘飞流直下三千尺’是怎样的壮观景象?”在江苏省昆山市柏庐实验小学人工智能通识课上，一位五年级学生举手提问，随即人工智能大模型在多媒体大屏上生成瀑布倾泻的视觉画面，并解释古诗的创作背景等信息。
"What kind of spectacular scene is'flying down three thousand feet '?" In the general artificial intelligence class of Bailu Experimental Primary School in Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, a fifth-grade student raised his hand to ask a question, and then the large artificial intelligence model was displayed on the multimedia screen. Generate a visual picture of a waterfall pouring and explain the creative background of ancient poems and other information.
昆山市柏庐实验小学学生在上人工智能通识课程 何磊静 摄
Students at Bailu Experimental Primary School in Kunshan City are taking general courses on artificial intelligence. Photo by He Leijing
这一幕，正是教育数字化转型背景下，人工智能(AI)进入校园课堂的缩影。从政策顶层设计到一线课堂落地，AI技术为教学打开想象力的天花板。但在技术浪潮下，如何实现教师授课与学生成长的“双向奔赴”?又该如何守住教育的温度与底线?
This scene is the epitome of artificial intelligence (AI) entering campus classrooms under the background of digital transformation of education. From the top-level design of policies to the implementation of front-line classrooms, AI technology opens the ceiling of imagination for teaching. But under the wave of technology, how to realize the "two-way rush" between teachers' teaching and students' growth? How to keep the temperature and bottom line of education?
AI的风“吹”进课堂
AI wind "blows" into the classroom
去年11月，教育部办公厅发布《关于加强中小学人工智能教育的通知》，要求2030年前在中小学基本普及人工智能教育。2025年，随着教育强国建设三年行动计划启动，人工智能教育被列为基础教育改革的关键一招。教育部等多部门印发的《关于加快推进教育数字化的意见》提出“统筹推进大中小学人工智能教育一体化”。
In November last year, the General Office of the Ministry of Education issued the "Notice on Strengthening Artificial Intelligence Education in Primary and Secondary Schools", requiring that artificial intelligence education be basically popularized in primary and secondary schools by 2030. In 2025, with the launch of the three-year action plan to build an educational power, artificial intelligence education will be listed as a key measure in basic education reform. The "Opinions on Accelerating the Digitalization of Education" issued by the Ministry of Education and other departments proposes to "coordinate and promote the integration of artificial intelligence education in universities, primary and secondary schools".
政策东风下，不少地区大力推进人工智能教育。记者走进昆山市柏庐实验小学发现，从“玩转机器人”到“对话生成式AI”，校内2500多名学生正循序渐进提升科技素养。“我们引进了飞象星球的人工智能通识课，这套课程是覆盖全学段的动态课程体系。”该校校长陈娟说，低年级可通过机器人编程培养兴趣和人机协作思维，高年级则进阶至AI绘图、甚至可以自己动手开发。
Under the policy wind, many regions have vigorously promoted artificial intelligence education. The reporter walked into Kunshan Bailu Experimental Primary School and found that from "playing with robots" to "dialogue generative AI", more than 2,500 students in the school are gradually improving their scientific and technological literacy. "We have introduced the general course of artificial intelligence of Feixiang Planet, which is a dynamic curriculum system covering the whole school." Chen Juan, the principal of the school, said that the lower grades can cultivate interest and human-machine collaborative thinking through robot programming, while the upper grades can advance to AI drawing and even develop it yourself.
陈娟介绍，该校去年起引入“飞象人工智能通识课”，采用螺旋式进阶设计，10门、160节分层进阶的课程体系，贯穿真实生活场景。记者现场看到，在“智能双师”授课模式下，线上大屏的老师设计课程任务，线下课堂老师把控课堂节奏，组织学生互动讨论，并对讨论成果实时评价。
Chen Juan introduced that the school has introduced the "General Course of Flying Elephant Artificial Intelligence" since last year, which adopts a spiral advanced design and a hierarchical advanced curriculum system of 10 courses and 160 sessions, running through real life scenes. The reporter saw at the scene that under the "intelligent double-teacher" teaching mode, online large-screen teachers designed course tasks, and offline classroom teachers controlled the classroom rhythm, organized students' interactive discussions, and evaluated the discussion results in real time.
“通过课堂上的学习和实践，我了解到人工智能能模拟人类思维和行为，对数据进行分析和处理，这让我感受到了人工智能的巨大潜力，激发了我学习的好奇与热情。”柏庐实验小学五年级学生徐诚佑说。
"Through classroom study and practice, I learned that artificial intelligence can simulate human thinking and behavior, analyze and process data, which made me feel the great potential of artificial intelligence and inspired my curiosity and enthusiasm for learning." Xu Chengyou, a fifth-grade student of Bailu Experimental Primary School, said.
虚拟形象答疑、AI绘画软件激发创意、项目式学习中打破学科壁垒……有15年教龄的科学教师金鑫表示，人工智能有效丰富了课堂教学内容。“比如科学课，以前备课需要查阅大量专业资料，还担心学生的提问会‘超纲’。现在通过AI能对更多学生的问题进行预设，拓展教学视角，进一步提升课堂效果。”
Avatar Q&A, AI painting software stimulates creativity, and project-based learning breaks down subject barriers... Jin Xin, a science teacher with 15 years of teaching experience, said that artificial intelligence has effectively enriched classroom teaching content. "For example, in science classes, in the past, we needed to consult a lot of professional materials to prepare lessons, and we were worried that students' questions would be'beyond the outline '. Now through AI, we can preset more students' questions, expand the teaching perspective, and further improve the classroom effect."
如何实现“教学相长”?
How to realize "teaching and learning"?
业内人士指出，中小学阶段是培养学生数字素养、创新思维的关键期，在人工智能技术助力下，师生与AI的协同教学逐渐成为新常态。而随着个性化教学越来越普及，如何实现高质量的教与学成为一道“必答题”。
Industry insiders pointed out that primary and secondary schools are a critical period for cultivating students' digital literacy and innovative thinking. With the help of artificial intelligence technology, collaborative teaching between teachers and students and AI has gradually become the new normal. With the increasing popularity of personalized teaching, how to achieve high-quality teaching and learning has become a "must-answer question".
在昆山市教育局局长王阳看来，推进人工智能教育，既要用好存量的软件系统，从体系和制度层面赋能教学管理，减轻教师负担，又要通过课程的开发和运用，让学生在认知层面了解人工智能的重要意义，进而培养其参与到人工智能应用方面的创新能力，形成创新思维。
According to Wang Yang, director of Kunshan Education Bureau, to promote artificial intelligence education, we should not only make good use of existing software systems, empower teaching management from the system and institutional levels, and reduce the burden on teachers, but also enable students to understand the significance of artificial intelligence at the cognitive level through the development and application of courses, and then cultivate their innovative ability to participate in artificial intelligence applications and form innovative thinking.
王阳表示，昆山探索以平台建设、课程应用、专业化提升和“校企社”生态共建“四轮驱动”，系统性推进教育智能化升级，赋能学生素养提升、教师能力进阶、教学应用场景创新，打造县域教育人工智能应用示范标杆。针对教师能力提升，昆山构建“专家引领、骨干示范、全员赋能”三级培养机制，定期开展研训活动，挖掘AI教学场景，以适配的AI技术探索未来课堂新样态。
Wang Yang said that Kunshan explored the "four-wheel drive" of platform construction, curriculum application, professional improvement and "school-enterprise-society" ecological co-construction, systematically promoted the intelligent upgrading of education, empowered students' literacy improvement, teachers' ability advancement, teaching application scenarios innovation, and created a demonstration benchmark for artificial intelligence application in county education. In view of the improvement of teachers' ability, Kunshan has built a three-level training mechanism of "expert guidance, backbone demonstration, and full empowerment", regularly carried out research and training activities, explored AI teaching scenarios, and explored new future classroom styles with adapted AI technology.
“老师并不是万能的，尤其碰到一些跨学科内容，AI技术能辅助解决很多问题。”陈娟说，教师的人工智能素养培训很有必要，尤其一些老教师应主动提升人工智能教学能力，引导学生正确认识和运用人工智能工具。“比如，AI可以作为教师的‘智能助手’，帮助批改作业、分析学情、推荐个性化学习资源等。”
"Teachers are not omnipotent, especially when encountering some interdisciplinary content, AI technology can help solve many problems." Chen Juan said that teachers' artificial intelligence literacy training is necessary, especially some old teachers should take the initiative to improve their artificial intelligence teaching ability and guide students to correctly understand and use artificial intelligence tools. "For example, AI can be used as a teacher's'intelligent assistant 'to help correct homework, analyze learning situation, recommend personalized learning resources, etc."
飞象星球的运营负责人介绍，要保障教学质量，还需要开发体系化的课程体系，让学生始终能与最新的知识和技术保持同步。同时，要尽量以真实问题驱动，通过项目式的实践，引导学生主动探索，培养其结构化地分析和解决问题的能力。
According to the person in charge of the operation of Feixiang Planet, to ensure the quality of teaching, it is also necessary to develop a systematic curriculum system so that students can always keep pace with the latest knowledge and technology. At the same time, we should try our best to be driven by real problems, and through project-based practice, we should guide students to actively explore and cultivate their ability to analyze and solve problems in a structured way.
技术浪潮下仍需“保持平衡”
Still need to "maintain balance" under the wave of technology
AI是否会取代老师?如何避免孩子形成技术依赖?怎样推进教育均衡发展?在人工智能教育高歌猛进的同时，社会上也不免产生一些担忧情绪。
Will AI replace teachers? How to prevent children from forming technical dependence? How to promote the balanced development of education? While artificial intelligence education is advancing rapidly, some worries inevitably arise in the society.
王阳认为，关键要守住人工智能与教育之间的平衡点。“AI也许能替代许多‘教’的工作，但‘育’的方面还需要教师坚守初心。比如可以营造学生人机对话场景，但更要鼓励他们与真人交流。”
Wang Yang believes that the key is to maintain the balance between artificial intelligence and education. "AI may be able to replace many'teaching 'jobs, but the'education' aspect still requires teachers to stick to their original intentions. For example, it can create a human-machine dialogue scene for students, but they should be encouraged to communicate with real people."
受访人指出，教育部门应给予学校方向性的指导，在鼓励老教师接触AI的同时，也要提升青年教师教学基本功，稳妥适度推进人工智能应用。“比如AI作文星批改作文，确实能大幅提升批改效率，但老师不能依赖AI的评语，要开展二次批阅。毕竟机器写的评语，是写不出孩子的个性的。”王阳说。
The interviewee pointed out that the education department should give directional guidance to schools. While encouraging old teachers to contact AI, it should also improve the basic teaching skills of young teachers and steadily and moderately promote the application of artificial intelligence. "For example, AI composition star correcting compositions can indeed greatly improve the efficiency of correction, but teachers cannot rely on AI comments and have to carry out secondary review. After all, comments written by machines cannot describe children's personality." Wang Yang said.
人工智能附带的一些伦理问题，如隐私保护、算法偏见、数据安全等，也需让学生及时了解。上海教育考试院副院长常生龙表示，教师有必要通过案例剖析，让学生理解AI伦理问题的重要性，使他们能够对AI技术的应用和影响进行独立思考和理性判断。鼓励学生对AI生成的内容进行质疑和验证，避免其盲目依赖和轻信。
Some ethical issues attached to artificial intelligence, such as privacy protection, algorithm bias, data security, etc., also need to be kept informed by students in time. Chang Shenglong, vice president of Shanghai Education Examinations Institute, said that it is necessary for teachers to let students understand the importance of AI ethical issues through case analysis, so that they can make independent thinking and rational judgments on the application and impact of AI technology. Encourage students to question and verify the content generated by AI to avoid blind dependence and credulity.
“家长也有必要同步学习AI知识。学校和家长根据学习任务做好沟通，家长在了解AI的特点后积极正面引导，能更好避免孩子过度依赖AI。”金鑫说，相关AI课程开发也可进一步提升交互性，让教师及时捕捉学生思维发展、实践能力变化，根据反馈分析调整教学模式。
"It is also necessary for parents to learn AI knowledge simultaneously. Schools and parents communicate well according to learning tasks. Parents can actively guide them after understanding the characteristics of AI, which can better prevent children from relying too much on AI." Jin Xin said that relevant AI curriculum development can also further enhance interactivity, allowing teachers to capture students' thinking development and changes in practical ability in time, and adjust the teaching mode according to feedback analysis.
北京师范大学教授黄荣怀指出，需因地制宜推进人工智能教育发展，对于乡村、欠发达地区的学校，可使用国家中小学智慧教育平台中的相关数字资源开展教学，同时借助企业、高校、社会组织等多元力量支持学校人工智能教育设施与课程的建设。
Huang Ronghuai, a professor at Beijing Normal University, pointed out that it is necessary to promote the development of artificial intelligence education according to local conditions. For schools in rural and underdeveloped areas, relevant digital resources in the national smart education platform for primary and secondary schools can be used to carry out teaching, and at the same time, enterprises, universities, social organizations and other diverse forces support the construction of artificial intelligence education facilities and courses in schools.
“人工智能教育肯定是大趋势，未来有望在更多学科应用推广，但目前仍只是辅助功能。”陈娟说，“我相信老师的育人功能，机器和技术是无法真正取代的。”
"Artificial intelligence education is definitely a major trend, and it is expected to be applied and promoted in more disciplines in the future, but it is still only an auxiliary function at present." Chen Juan said, "I believe that teachers' educational functions cannot be truly replaced by machines and technology."
