谱写新篇章：推进教育公平 共享优质教育

Writing a New Chapter: Promoting Education Equity and Sharing Quality Education

什么是更好更公平的教育？如何让每一个孩子都对自己有信心、对未来有希望？站在新的历史起点上，中国教育向着更高水准的公平，迈出坚实步伐。

What is a better and fairer education? How to make every child have confidence in himself and hope for the future? Standing at a new historical starting point, Chinese education has taken solid steps towards a higher level of fairness.

习近平总书记指出，教育公平是社会公平的重要基础，要不断促进教育发展成果更多更公平惠及全体人民，以教育公平促进社会公平正义。

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that education equity is an important foundation of social equity. It is necessary to continuously promote the development of education to benefit all people more and more equitably, and promote social equity and justice with education equity.

党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央始终把教育摆在优先发展的战略位置，国家财政性教育经费占国内生产总值比例连续保持在4％以上，优先向农村地区、边疆民族地区、革命老区、边远贫困地区教育发展倾斜，城乡义务教育一体化稳步推进，区域、城乡、校际差距逐步缩小，高校招生持续向中西部和农村地区倾斜，学生资助制度不断健全，更多孩子拥有了人生出彩的机会。

Since the eighteenth congress, the party central committee with comrade xi as the core has always put the education priority development of strategic position, the state financial education funds accounted for over 4% of the proportion of gross domestic product (GDP) continuous stay, priority to rural areas, the frontier minority areas, old revolutionary base areas, outlying and poverty-stricken areas education development, the integration of urban and rural compulsory education advance steadily, The gap between regions, urban and rural areas, and between schools has been gradually narrowed. College enrollment continues to favor the central and western regions and rural areas.

让每个孩子享有受教育的机会

Let every child have the opportunity to receive education.

2019年4月，习近平总书记在重庆考察的第一站，就是位于大山深处的石柱土家族自治县中益乡小学。总书记指出：“再苦不能苦孩子，再穷不能穷教育。要保证贫困山区的孩子上学受教育，有一个幸福快乐的童年。”

In April 2019, the first stop of General Secretary Xi Jinping's inspection in Chongqing was Zhongyi Township Primary School in Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County, located deep in the mountains. The General Secretary pointed out: "No matter how hard you are, you can't suffer your children, and no matter how poor you are, you can't have poor education. It is necessary to ensure that children in poor mountainous areas go to school and receive education and have a happy childhood."

如今，中益乡小学有可喜的新变化。“娃娃们用上崭新的塑胶操场，住上能洗热水澡的宿舍，还实现了网络教学环境全覆盖。”校长刘斌说，“我们的孩子越来越自信，越来越阳光。”

Today, there are gratifying new changes in Zhongyixiang Primary school. "They have a brand-new plastic playground, a dormitory with hot showers, and an online education environment." "Our children are more and more confident and sunny," said principal Liu Bin.

“两不愁三保障”，其中重要的一条就是义务教育有保障，而控辍保学则是实现目标的重要任务。党的十八大以来，各地多措并举加大劝返复学力度，制定“一生一案”工作方案精准施策，同时对劝返复学学生进行分类安置，合理安排教学内容，帮助他们尽快适应校园生活。

One of the most important aspects of this Chinese saying is that compulsory education is guaranteed, and controlling dropout rates and ensuring school attendance is an important task to achieve this goal. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), various local governments have taken a number of measures to encourage students to return to school. The "One Case in a Lifetime" work plan has been formulated with targeted measures. At the same time, students who are encouraged to return to school have been arranged in different categories and their teaching content has been properly arranged to help them adapt to campus life as soon as possible.

2021年，全国九年义务教育巩固率达到95．4％，比2012年提高了3．6个百分点，义务教育普及程度超过世界高收入国家平均水平。义务教育阶段建档立卡脱贫家庭辍学学生自2020年底保持动态清零，历史性解决了长期存在的辍学问题，全面实现了义务教育有保障。

In 2021, the completion rate of nine-year compulsory education in China reached 95.4 percent, an increase of 3.6 percentage points over 2012, making compulsory education more popular than the average level of high-income countries. From the end of 2020, the number of students who have dropped out of compulsory education from families that have been registered as having been lifted out of poverty has been dynamically eliminated, historically resolving the long-standing problem of dropping out of school and ensuring compulsory education in all areas.

“努力让每个孩子享有受教育的机会”，这是庄严的承诺，也是奋进的方向。

"Strive to give every child the opportunity to receive education" is a solemn promise and the direction of progress.

——随迁子女入学不再难。各地积极贯彻落实随迁子女入学相关政策，以流入地政府管理为主、以公办学校为主安排随迁子女就学；进一步健全以居住证为主要依据的入学办法，简化证明材料，降低入学门槛；全面实行免试就近入学和“公民同招”，严禁收取借读费、赞助费，发现一起查处一起。2021年，全国义务教育阶段随迁子女在公办学校就读和享受政府购买民办学校学位服务的占比达到90．9％。

-- It is no longer difficult for children living with them to enter school. Local governments have actively implemented policies related to enrollment of children living with their parents, arranging their children to go to school mainly under the management of local governments or public schools. Further improve the admission method based mainly on residence permit, simplify the proof materials, lower the entrance threshold; The comprehensive implementation of nearby admission without examination and "citizens with recruit", is strictly prohibited to collect borrowing fees, sponsorship fees, discovered together with the investigation. In 2021, 90.9 percent of children living with their parents receiving compulsory education were studying in public schools or receiving degrees from private schools purchased by the government.

——家门口就有普惠幼儿园。党的十八大以来，“幼有所育”取得显著成效，各地以县为单位制订普惠性幼儿园布局规划，大力发展公办园，积极扶持民办园提供普惠性服务。同时落实政府投入为主、家庭合理分担、其他多渠道筹措经费的学前教育投入机制。2021年，全国学前三年毛入园率达88．1％，普惠性幼儿园覆盖率达到87．8％，公办园在园幼儿占比达51．9％。

-- Puhui Kindergarten is right on your doorstep. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), remarkable achievements have been made in "children have access to education". Various counties have formulated plans for the layout of inclusive kindergartens, vigorously developed public kindergartens, and actively supported private kindergartens to provide inclusive services. At the same time, we will implement a pre-school education investment mechanism in which government input is the main input, families share reasonably, and funds are raised through other channels. In 2021, the three-year gross preschool enrollment rate reached 88.1 percent, the coverage of inclusive kindergartens reached 87.8 percent, and children in public kindergartens accounted for 51.9 percent of the total.

——残疾孩子受教育机会大幅增加。按照精准核查、科学评估、分类安置的原则，各地就近就便优先安排适龄残疾儿童就读，对重度残疾、无法到校就读的残疾儿童提供送教上门服务。2021年，适龄残疾儿童义务教育入学率95％以上，在此基础上，全面向学前、高中以上阶段两端延伸，确保各类适龄残疾儿童“应入尽入”。

-- Education opportunities for children with disabilities have been greatly increased. In accordance with the principles of precise verification, scientific evaluation and classified placement, local governments give priority to the education of children with disabilities of the right age at the nearest place, and provide on-site education services to children with severe disabilities who are unable to attend school. By 2021, more than 95 percent of school-age children with disabilities will be enrolled in compulsory education, and on this basis, the compulsory education rate will be extended to all pre-school and post-high school students to ensure that all school-age children with disabilities are fully enrolled.

让亿万孩子同在蓝天下共享优质教育

Let Billions of Children Share Quality Education in Blue Sky

习近平总书记指出，要推进城乡义务教育一体化发展，缩小城乡教育资源差距，促进教育公平，切断贫困代际传递。

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that it is necessary to promote the integrated development of urban and rural compulsory education, narrow the gap between urban and rural educational resources, promote educational equity, and cut off the intergenerational transmission of poverty.

在历史性地解决了“有学上”问题之后，教育公平实现新跨越，如今正乘势而上，向着“让亿万孩子同在蓝天下共享优质教育”的愿望迈进。

After historically solving the problem of "learning", education equity has achieved a new leap, and now it is taking advantage of the situation and moving towards the desire to "let hundreds of millions of children share quality education under the blue sky.

看着红白相间的新教学楼、标准化的塑胶操场、错落有致的学生宿舍，四川省凉山彝族自治州美姑县洛俄依甘乡小学校长俄地尔良感慨道：“现在村子里最美的建筑就是学校。”

Looking at the new red and white teaching buildings, standardized plastic playgrounds, and patchwork student dormitories, Odierliang, the principal of Luoyuigan Township Primary School in Meigu County, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, said with emotion: "The most beautiful building in the village now is the school."

党的十八大以来，国家先后实施义务教育全面改薄、乡村小规模学校和乡镇寄宿制学校建设、义务教育薄弱环节改善与能力提升等工程项目，重点加强农村学校建设，99．8％的学校办学条件达到基本要求。

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the state has successively implemented projects such as the comprehensive reform of compulsory education, the construction of small-scale rural schools and township boarding schools, the improvement of weak links in compulsory education and the improvement of capacity, focusing on strengthening the construction of rural schools, and 99.8% school running conditions meet the basic requirements.

“我喜欢班里的大屏幕，里面的老师唱歌特别好听，还有城里的同学和我们一起上课。”在湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州花垣县十八洞小学，互联网课堂深受孩子们喜爱。

"I like the big screen in the class. The teachers in it sing very well, and the students in the city join us in class." At Shbadong Primary School in Huayuan County, Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province, Internet classrooms are loved by children.

目前，全国中小学（含教学点）联网率达100％，未联网学校实现动态清零，国家数字教育资源公共服务体系已将32个省级平台全部接入，教育信息化水平大幅提高。

At present, the networking rate of primary and secondary schools (including teaching points) across the country has reached 100%, and unconnected schools have achieved dynamic zero clearing. The national digital education resource public service system has all 32 provincial platforms connected, and the level of education informatization has been greatly improved.

在硬件设施改善的同时，乡村教师队伍建设也不断加强。党的十八大以来，“特岗计划”规模不断扩大，中央财政累计投入779亿元，为中西部地区乡村学校补充103万名教师，覆盖中西部地区22个省份的1000多个县、3万多所学校。2021年，中西部欠发达地区优秀教师定向培养计划启动实施，每年将为脱贫县及中西部陆地边境县中小学校培养1万名左右师范生。

At the same time of the improvement of hardware facilities, the construction of rural teachers is also constantly strengthened. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the scale of the special post program has been continuously expanded. The central government has invested 77.9 billion yuan to replenish 1.03 million teachers in rural schools in the central and western regions, covering more than 1,000 counties and 30,000 schools in 22 provinces in the central and western regions. In 2021, the targeted training program for outstanding teachers in less-developed areas in central and western China will be launched, and about 10,000 normal school students will be trained every year for primary and middle schools in poverty-stricken counties and land border counties in central and western China.

均衡发展要改变“乡村弱”，也要缓解“城镇挤”。前段时间，辽宁省鞍山市的蔡先生十分高兴，原因是家门口的两所小学合并重组，实行集团化办学。蔡先生说：“原本两所学校教育水平有差距，大家都想上好学校，现在进行一体化师资配置和教学管理，人人都能享受优质资源了。”

Balanced development will address the "weak rural areas" and alleviate the "crowded urban areas". Some time ago, Mr. CAI of Anshan city of Liaoning Province is very happy, because of the merger and reorganization of the two primary schools on the doorstep, the implementation of the group school. CAI said: "The two schools originally had a gap in education level, everyone wanted to go to a good school, now the integration of teachers and teaching management, everyone can enjoy high-quality resources."

近年来，教育部门大力推进义务教育免试就近入学，2021年，全国36个大中城市公办义务教育学校免试就近入学比例超过99％，全国义务教育阶段大班额比例降至0．71％，超大班额降至0．01％。“择校热”“大班额”等问题得到有效解决。

In recent years, education authorities have made great efforts to exempt compulsory education from entrance examinations. In 2021, more than 99 percent of public compulsory education schools in 36 large and medium-sized cities will be able to enroll in nearby schools without entrance examinations, and the proportion of large classes in compulsory education will drop to 0.71 percent and the proportion of large classes to 0.01 percent. Problems such as "school choice fever" and "large class size" have been effectively solved.

“推进义务教育优质均衡发展和城乡一体化是一项重大任务，目前全国所有县（市、区）都通过了国家义务教育基本均衡督导评估验收，下一步将从基本均衡向优质均衡迈进。”教育部相关负责人介绍。

"Promoting the high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education and the integration of urban and rural areas is a major task. At present, all counties (cities, districts) across the country have passed the national compulsory education basic balanced supervision, evaluation and acceptance. The next step will be to move from basic balance to high-quality balance." The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Education introduced.

让每个孩子都有人生出彩的机会

Let every child have a chance to shine in life.

习近平总书记指出，要推进教育精准脱贫，重点帮助贫困人口子女接受教育，阻断贫困代际传递，让每一个孩子都对自己有信心、对未来有希望。

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that it is necessary to promote accurate education to get rid of poverty, focus on helping the children of the poor receive education, block the intergenerational transmission of poverty, and let every child have confidence in himself and hope for the future.

扶贫必扶智，治贫先治愚。要让广大学生健康快乐成长，让每个孩子都有人生出彩的机会，就要不断拓宽贫困学生纵向流动的通道，为贫困地区学生创造更为公平的受教育机会。

Poverty alleviation must help wisdom, and poverty must be treated first. In order to let the majority of students grow up healthily and happily, and let every child have the opportunity to shine in life, it is necessary to constantly broaden the vertical flow channels of poor students and create fairer educational opportunities for students in poor areas.

“多亏了好政策，我才能到北京读大学。”谢非是来自宁夏回族自治区固原市西吉县的贫困学生，得益于国家实施的重点高校招收农村和贫困地区学生专项计划，考入中国农业大学。

"Thanks to good policies, I was able to go to Beijing to study at university." Xie Fei, a poor student from Xiji County, Guyuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous region, was admitted to China Agricultural University thanks to the state's special plan to recruit students from rural and poor areas.

像谢非一样受益于“专项招生计划”的学生还有很多。党的十八大以来，通过单列计划、单独录取等方式，保障农村和贫困地区学生上重点高校的长效机制逐步建立。10年来，专项计划每年招生规模不断扩大，由2012年的1万人扩至2021年的12．2万人，累计录取学生82万余人，极大增加了贫困地区学生获得优质高等教育资源的可能。

Xie is one of many students who have benefited from the special enrollment program. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, a long-term mechanism has been established to ensure that students from rural and poor areas are admitted to key colleges and universities through separate enrollment plans and other means. Over the past decade, the annual enrollment of the special program has been expanding from 10,000 in 2012 to 122,000 in 2021, with a total enrollment of more than 820,000 students, greatly increasing the possibility for students from poor areas to obtain high-quality higher education resources.

职业教育也让众多年轻人获得了改变命运的机会。在四川省成都市第一人民医院，护士扎西祝玛照顾着几位患者，无微不至。“我原本以为自己要放一辈子的羊，没想到还能继续学习，甚至有一天能定居成都，成为一名医院职工。”扎西祝玛心怀感激。

Vocational education also gives many young people the opportunity to change their fate. In the first people's Hospital of Chengdu, Sichuan Province, nurse Tashi Zhuma took care of several patients in every possible way. "I thought I was going to release the sheep for a lifetime, but I didn't expect to continue studying, and even one day I could settle in Chengdu and become a hospital employee." Tashi Zhuma is grateful.

当前，我国职业院校70％以上的学生来自农村，“职教一人，就业一人，脱贫一家”成为许多家庭的生动写照。2013年至2020年底，累计有800多万贫困家庭学生接受中高等职业教育，更多技能改变人生的故事正在发生。

At present, more than 70 percent of students in vocational colleges and universities in China come from rural areas. "One person for vocational education, one person for employment, and one family out of poverty" has become a vivid portrayal of many families. From 2013 to the end of 2020, more than 8 million students from poor families received secondary and higher vocational education, and more life-changing stories of skills are happening.

让更多的孩子走出大山、带着梦想飞得更高更远，离不开完善的资助体系。党的十八大以来，学生资助制度不断健全、资助资金投入力度不断加大，帮助数千万家庭经济困难学生顺利入学、完成学业。

To enable more children to go beyond mountains and fly higher and farther with their dreams, a sound financial aid system is indispensable. Since the 18th NATIONAL Congress of the CPC, the student aid system has been improved and funding has been increased, helping tens of millions of students from poor families enroll and complete their studies.

“生源地助学贷款解决了学费问题，两个孩子都能上大学，真是太好了。”办完贷款手续，河南省郸城县虎岗乡腰刘庄村民申见力长舒一口气，“入学后还能申请特别资助，还有国家助学金，生活费也不用操心。”

"It's great that both kids are able to go to college with the student loan in place." After completing the loan procedures, Shen Jianli, a villager from Xiaoliu Village, Hugang Township, Dancheng County, Henan Province, sighed with relief. "After admission, we can also apply for special subsidies, as well as national grants, and we don't need to worry about living expenses."

据介绍，目前我国学生资助项目实现了“三个全覆盖”，即所有学段全覆盖、公办民办学校全覆盖、家庭经济困难学生全覆盖，从制度上保障了“不让一个学生因家庭经济困难而失学”。

According to reports, China's student financial aid program has achieved "three full coverage", namely, full coverage of all academic sections, public and private schools, and full coverage of students from poor families, which guarantees that "no student will drop out of school due to family financial difficulties".

一项项政策、一组组数据、一张张笑脸，都是教育公平的阳光洒向祖国大地的印记。在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，更加公平更高质量的教育体系正在形成，教育发展成果必将更多更公平惠及全体人民。

Policy by policy, data by data, smiling face by smiling face, are all the marks of the sunshine of education fairness to the motherland. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, a fairer and higher-quality education system is taking shape, and the fruits of education development will benefit all the people in a more equitable way.