经济新方位·稳住市场主体|让企业挺得住、过难关、有奔头

New Economic Orientation, Stabilizing Market Main Body | Let Enterprises Survive, Overcome Difficulties and Have a Head to Run

6月1日起，上海进入全面恢复正常生产生活秩序阶段；6月6日起，北京大部分地区恢复餐饮堂食；吉林、浙江、福建、湖南等多个省份纷纷恢复跨省游。

From June 1, Shanghai has entered the stage of fully restoring normal production and living order; from June 6, most areas of Beijing have resumed catering; Jilin, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hunan and other provinces have resumed cross-provincial tours.

进入6月，随着本轮疫情趋于平稳，多地服务业正在复苏回暖。

In June, as the current outbreak leveled off, the service industry in many places is recovering.

形成合力助企纾困

Form a joint force to help enterprises bail out

服务业行业多为聚集性、接触性行业，受疫情冲击影响较大。一段时间以来，服务业市场主体特别是小微企业和个体工商户面临一些经营困难。

The service industry is mostly clustered and contact industries, which are greatly affected by the impact of the epidemic. For some time, the main body of the service industry market, especially small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households, has faced some operational difficulties.

今年2月，国家发改委等14部门印发《关于促进服务业领域困难行业恢复发展的若干政策》（以下简称《若干政策》），从3个方面提出43条举措，针对受疫情影响重、就业容量大的服务业等特殊困难行业精准帮扶。

In February this year, the National Development and Reform Commission and other 14 departments issued the "Several Policies on Promoting the Recovery and Development of Difficult Industries in the Service Industry" (hereinafter referred to as "Several Policies"), proposing 43 measures from three aspects to provide precise assistance to the service industry, which is heavily affected by the epidemic and has a large employment capacity, and other industries with special difficulties.

各地纷纷出台具体实施办法和落实举措。据不完全统计，目前已有20多个省份因地制宜推出助企纾困举措。

Various localities have introduced specific implementation measures and measures. According to incomplete statistics, more than 20 provinces have launched measures to help enterprises in accordance with local conditions.

“我们企业总部所在地深圳出台不少具体帮扶政策。目前，社保补贴、稳企支持、防护用品支持项目已经申报成功，共有69万余元。”深圳格兰云天酒店管理有限公司董事长张国超说。

"Shenzhen, where our corporate headquarters is located, has issued many specific assistance policies. At present, the projects of social security subsidy, stable enterprise support and protective equipment support have been successfully declared, totaling more than 690,000 yuan." Zhang Guochao, chairman of Shenzhen Grand Yuntian Hotel Management Co., Ltd., said.

以社保类减免为例，2020年旗下31家酒店及总部共申请到减免额度2700万元，平均每家酒店每月减免额度约占人工成本的12%。“酒店属于劳动密集型企业，人工成本占比较大。申请社保类减免，对减轻企业负担非常重要。”张国超说。

Take social security relief as an example. In 202020its 31 hotels and headquarters applied for a total of 27 million yuan, with an average monthly relief of about 12% of labor costs per hotel. "Hotels are labor-intensive enterprises, and labor costs account for a relatively large proportion. It is very important to apply for social security relief to reduce the burden on enterprises." Zhang Guochao said.

在税费减免方面，《若干政策》明确，延续服务业增值税加计抵减政策，对生产、生活性服务业纳税人当期可抵扣进项税额继续分别按10%和15%加计抵减应纳税额。“近2000家会员企业都有很强的获得感，延长了餐饮行业恢复发展的窗口期。”重庆市餐饮商会会长、重庆陶然居饮食文化（集团）股份有限公司董事长严琦说，“我们公司2021年减免税费约180万元。”

In terms of tax reduction and exemption, the Policies clearly stated that the policy of value-added tax deduction for service industry will be continued, and the current input tax deduction for production and life service taxpayers will continue to be deducted by 10% and 15% respectively. "The nearly 2,000 member companies have a strong sense of gain, extending the window for the restaurant industry to recover." Yan Qi, president of chongqing Catering Chamber of Commerce and chairman of Chongqing Taoranju Catering Culture (Group) Co., LTD, said, "Our company will reduce taxes and fees by about 1.8 million yuan in 2021.

在平台减佣方面，《若干政策》提出，引导互联网平台企业对疫情中高风险地区所在的县级行政区域内的餐饮企业，给予阶段性商户服务费优惠。武汉万松园美食街状元桥云南过桥米线经营者彭畅生给自家小店算了一笔账：“按目前一天100单外卖计算，减佣后平均一单外卖可以节省七八毛至1块钱，一个月就能节省两三千元。”

In terms of commission reduction on platforms, the Policies suggest that Internet platform enterprises should be guided to offer preferential service fees to catering enterprises in county-level administrative areas where high-risk areas are located. Wuhan Wansong Garden food street Zhuangyuan bridge Yunnan bridge rice noodle operator Peng Changsheng to their own store calculated an account: "according to the current day 100 single takeaway calculation, after reducing the commission average single takeaway can save 78 to 1 yuan, a month can save two or three thousand yuan."

“只有各方形成合力落实助企纾困政策，才能支持这些行业企业挺得住、过难关、有奔头。”中国饭店协会会长陈新华说。

"Only when all parties form a joint effort to implement the rescue policy for enterprises, can we support enterprises in these industries to survive, overcome difficulties, and have a head start." Chen Xinhua, president of the China Hotel Association, said.

坚定信心稳步复苏

Firm Confidence Steady Recovery

来自山东济南、泰安的70多名游客正在江苏扬州瘦西湖景区西门合影，按照防疫规定进行验码和测温后，他们有序入园游览。自5月11日以来，多个省份陆续发布有序开展跨省团队游的通知。

More than 70 tourists from Jinan and Tai 'an, Shandong province, take photos at the west gate of The Slender West Lake scenic area in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province. Since May 11, several provinces have issued notices to carry out cross-provincial group Tours in an orderly manner.

6月6日北京恢复堂食第一天，记者从北京华天饮食控股集团了解到，旗下一些店铺销售基本恢复到去年同期八九成。有的快餐店销售额更是超过去年同期。

On the first day of the resumption of food in Beijing on June 6, the reporter learned from Beijing Huatian Catering Holding Group that the sales of some of its stores basically recovered to 89% in the same period last year. Some fast food restaurants have more sales than the same period last year.

广大服务业市场主体也主动求变，适应新环境，积极应对需求收缩压力。北京超市发连锁股份有限公司和上游厂家一起研究顾客需求，开发专属定制单品；陶然居打造文餐旅融合发展的新模式。

The majority of service market players have also taken the initiative to seek change, adapt to the new environment and actively cope with the pressure of shrinking demand. Beijing Supermarket Chain Co., Ltd. and upstream manufacturers together to study customer needs, the development of customized products; Tao Ran ju to create a new mode of cultural dining travel integration development.

中国贸促会研究院副院长赵萍认为：“我国科学统筹疫情防控，以最小的代价获得最大的防疫效果，尽可能降低对于经济社会的影响，这对服务业生产秩序的恢复将产生积极作用。”

Zhao Ping, deputy dean of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade Research Institute, believes: "my country scientifically coordinates the prevention and control of the epidemic, obtains the greatest epidemic prevention effect at the least cost, and minimizes the impact on the economy and society. This will have a positive effect on the restoration of the service industry's production order."

持续发力长远发展

Sustained efforts for long-term development

“疫情对服务业影响较大，服务业领域中小企业普遍面临需求不振的压力。”中国中小企业协会常务副会长马彬说。

"The epidemic has had a big impact on the service sector, and smes in the service sector are generally facing the pressure of sluggish demand." Ma Bin, executive vice president of China Association of Small and Medium Enterprises.

——需求收缩。“今年1—4月，客房入住率仅为42.7%，低于预算23.4%，餐饮收入也低于预算46.2%，会务收入仅138万元，企业处在亏损状态。”张国超说。目前论坛、会展、演出、宴会等仍受限制，很多人取消了商务、个人旅行等活动。餐饮、零售、旅游、公路水路铁路运输、民航等行业面临需求收缩的压力。

-demand contraction. "From January to April this year, the occupancy rate of guest rooms was only 42.7%, which was lower than the budget 23.4%, and the catering income was also lower than the budget 46.2%. The conference income was only 1.38 million yuan, and the enterprise was in a state of loss." Zhang Guochao said. At present, forums, exhibitions, performances, banquets, etc. are still restricted, and many people have canceled business and personal travel activities. Catering, retail, tourism, road, waterway and railway transportation, civil aviation and other industries are facing the pressure of shrinking demand.

——收入下降。武汉万松园美食街曾经每天车水马龙。彭畅生自2017年在此开店，“一年下来，刨去所有成本、生活开支，能存一二十万元。”然而，疫情改变了彭畅生的生活，“疫情一来，堂食的人就少了很多，外卖单量也下降至少1/3，收入大幅下降。”

-- declinnation of decreasing. Wuhan Wannongyuan Food Street used to be busy every day. Peng Changsheng has opened a shop here since 2017. "After one year, all costs and living expenses can be saved in 100 thousands or 200 thousands yuan." However, the epidemic has changed Peng Changsheng's life, "As soon as the epidemic comes, there are a lot fewer people eating in the hall, the number of takeaway orders has also dropped by at least 1/3, and income has dropped significantly."

——成本上涨。“保障员工是一笔非常大的开支。我们经营的酒店、餐饮、旅游等业务，有时需要停工停产，一些员工出现焦虑等情绪，也需要投入人力物力安抚。”海南龙泉集团董事长符史钦说。防疫成本提高。超市发常务副总经理赵萌介绍：“实体店新增了发放口罩等防护劳保费用、冷链库区环境检测费用等支出。2020—2021年门店运营费用比2019年增加7.35%。”

-- Rising costs. "Protecting employees is a very big expense. Our hotels, restaurants, tourism and other businesses sometimes need to stop production, and some employees are anxious and need to put in human and material resources to appease them." Fu Shiqin, chairman of Hainan Longquan Group, said. Epidemic prevention costs are rising. Zhao Meng, executive deputy general manager of the supermarket, said: "Physical stores have increased labor protection costs such as issuing masks, and environmental testing costs in cold chain reservoir areas. "Store operating expenses will increase by 7.35 percent from 2019 in 2020-2021."

为扎实稳住经济、助企纾困，国务院日前印发《扎实稳住经济的一揽子政策措施》，提出6个方面33项具体政策措施及分工安排。目前，各地各部门正陆续出台相应贯彻落实措施，政策效果将持续显现，服务业将继续从中受益。

In order to stabilize the economy and help enterprises to bail out, the State Council recently issued a package of policies and measures to stabilize the economy, proposing 33 specific policy measures and division of labor arrangements in six areas. At present, various localities and departments are successively introducing corresponding implementation measures, the effect of the policy will continue to show, and the service industry will continue to benefit from it.

《 人民日报 》（ 2022年06月19日 02 版）

"People's Daily" (02 edition, June 19, 2022)