新疆温宿退耕还核桃成就大产业

Returning Farmland to Walnut in Wensu, Xinjiang Achieves Big Industry

温宿县位于新疆维吾尔自治区阿克苏地区，属暖温带干旱大陆性气候，光照时间长、昼夜温差大，年平均气温10℃左右，全年无霜期183—228天，农业发展条件得天独厚，是我国著名的“核桃之乡”。实施退耕还林以来，温宿县累计完成建设任务42.55万亩，其中退耕还核桃林17.4万亩。依托退耕还林，温宿县稳步扩大核桃产业规模，强化对核桃产业的统筹、协调、考核、指导，落实“春促、夏管、秋控、冬护”配套措施，树立精品意识，截至2020年底，温宿县核桃种植面积达70余万亩，核桃产业已成为温宿县农民增收的支柱产业，温宿县也成为阿克苏地区核桃产量最大的市县。

Wensu County is located in Aksu Prefecture Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, with a warm temperate arid continental climate, long sunshine time, large temperature difference between day and night, annual average temperature of about 10 ℃, frost-free period of 183-228 days throughout the year, unique agricultural development conditions, and is the famous "hometown of walnut" in China. Since the implementation of returning farmland to forests, Wensu County has completed 425,500 mu of construction tasks, including 174,000 mu of walnut forest. Relying on returning farmland to forests, Wensu County has steadily expanded the scale of walnut industry, strengthened the overall planning, coordination, assessment and guidance of walnut industry, implemented the supporting measures of "spring promotion, summer management, autumn control and winter protection," and established the awareness of fine products. By the end of 2020, the planting area of walnut in Wensu County has reached more than 700,000 mu, and the walnut industry has become the pillar industry for increasing farmers 'income in Wensu County. Wensu County has also become the city and county with the largest walnut output in Aksu Prefecture.

为从源头把好种苗质量关，温宿县在引进高产优质核桃种苗的同时，注重优质核桃苗圃建设，做好本地育苗，以满足全县核桃产业发展的需要。同时，温宿县对现有核桃树种进一步加大了改良力度，把引进优良品种和本地品种选优相结合，把良种建园和嫁接改造相结合，淘汰老弱病树，嫁接低产树，以良种改造提高核桃产量和品质，增加核桃产业效益。目前，温宿县主要核桃品种有“温185”“新新2号”“扎343”等9个优良品种。其中，用“温185”和“新新2号”这两个互相授粉的配对优良品种建园，生产园良种使用率高达95%，成为南疆地区的主推品种。2005年，温宿县木本粮油农场为优质核桃注册的“宝圆”牌商标被认定为“新疆著名商标”。优质核桃先后荣获“中华名果”“中国国际林业产业博览会金奖”“上海农产品博览会畅销奖”“北京奥运会推荐果品一等奖”等。温宿县还被农业农村部命名为“中国核桃之乡”。

In order to control the quality of seedlings from the source, Wensu County pays attention to the construction of high-quality walnut nursery while introducing high-yield and high-quality walnut seedlings, and does a good job in local seedling raising, so as to meet the needs of walnut industry development in the whole county. At the same time, Wensu County has further strengthened the improvement of the existing walnut tree species, combined the introduction of fine varieties with the selection of local varieties, combined the establishment of fine varieties with grafting transformation, eliminated the old and weak sick trees, grafted low-yield trees, improved the yield and quality of walnut and increased the benefit of walnut industry. At present, the main walnut varieties in Wensu County are "Wen 185,""Xinxin 2,""Zha 343" and other 9 fine varieties. Among them,"Wen 185" and "Xin Xin 2" are used to build gardens, and the utilization rate of improved varieties in production gardens is as high as 95%, becoming the main varieties in southern xinjiang. In 2005, Wensu County Woody Grain and Oil Farm registered "Baoyuan" brand trademark for high-quality walnut was identified as "Xinjiang Famous Trademark." High-quality walnut has won the "Chinese famous fruit,""China International Forestry Industry Expo Gold Award,""Shanghai Agricultural Products Expo best-selling award,""Beijing Olympic Games recommended fruit first prize." The Wensu County is also known as the "Village of China Walnuts" by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.

退耕还核桃产业的发展也为易地扶贫搬迁的农牧民提供了保障。通过生态移民工程建立的柯柯牙镇红山新村，将784户游牧民从山区搬迁到平原地区，集中发展6800亩核桃产业基地，分批逐步纳入退耕还林，按照“应纳尽纳”原则，林业生态建设工程向贫困村贫困户倾斜，每户分配8亩果园，变游牧为定居，以林业产业为支撑，助力乡村振兴，确保脱贫不反弹。

The development of returning farmland to forest industry also provides guarantee for farmers and herdsmen who relocate to help the poor. The Hongshan New Village of Kekeya Town, which was established through the ecological migration project, moved 784 nomads from mountainous areas to plain areas, concentrated on the development of 6800 mu walnut industrial base, and gradually incorporated into the conversion of farmland to forests in batches. According to the principle of "paying as much as possible," the forestry ecological construction project favors the poor households in poor villages, and each household is allocated 8 mu orchard, changing nomadism into settlement, supporting the forestry industry, assisting the rural revitalization and ensuring that poverty alleviation does not rebound.

退耕还核桃产业的发展，在生态效益方面有力促进了温宿县国土绿化进程，优化了农林业生产条件，减少了自然灾害损失，使县域生态环境逐步实现良性循环；在经济效益方面，温宿县退耕还林发展核桃17.4万亩，目前基本成林挂果，年亩产250公斤，按每公斤核桃16元计算，年亩产值达4000元；在社会效益方面，温宿县退耕还核桃加快产业结构调整，转移农村富余劳动力，同时带动二三产业的发展，拓宽群众致富门路，为社会稳定和长治久安奠定了坚实基础，为促进农民增收、企业增效、产业升级、农村社会发展作出了巨大贡献。（安璐 张金波）

The development of returning farmland to walnut industry has greatly promoted the process of land greening in Wensu County, optimized the production conditions of agriculture and forestry, reduced the losses of natural disasters, and gradually realized a virtuous circle of ecological environment in the county. In terms of economic benefits, Wensu County has developed 174,000 mu of walnut for returning farmland to forest. At present, it has basically become a forest and bears fruit. The annual yield per mu is 250 kg. Calculated at 16 yuan per kilogram of walnut, the annual output value per mu reaches 4000 yuan. In the aspect of social benefits, Wensu County speeds up the adjustment of industrial structure, transfers surplus rural labor force, drives the development of secondary and tertiary industries, broadens the way for the masses to become rich, lays a solid foundation for social stability and long-term stability, and makes great contribution to promoting farmers 'income increase, enterprise efficiency increase, industrial upgrading and rural social development. (Anlu Zhang Jinbo)