改革蹄疾步稳 国企活力更足

Reform steps quickly to stabilize the vitality of state-owned enterprises

习近平总书记强调，要坚持有利于国有资产保值增值、有利于提高国有经济竞争力、有利于放大国有资本功能的方针，推动国有企业深化改革、提高经营管理水平，加强国有资产监管，坚定不移把国有企业做强做优做大。

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that it is necessary to adhere to the policy of maintaining and increasing the value of state-owned assets, improving the competitiveness of the state-owned economy, and amplifying the function of state-owned capital, promoting the deepening of reform of state-owned enterprises, improving the level of operation and management, and strengthening the supervision of state-owned assets. Unswervingly make state-owned enterprises stronger, better and bigger.

“国企改革三年行动启动以来，国企改革取得突破性进展，为做强做优做大国有企业提供了有力支撑，使国有经济的竞争力、创新力、控制力、影响力、抗风险能力得到进一步增强。”国务院国资委党委书记、主任郝鹏表示，国资国企系统将善作善成，以更大力度决战决胜国企改革三年行动。

"Since the three-year action of state-owned enterprise reform was launched, the reform of state-owned enterprises has made breakthrough progress, providing strong support for strengthening, optimizing and expanding state-owned enterprises, and further enhancing the competitiveness, innovation, control, influence and risk resistance of the state-owned economy." Haopeng, Secretary of the Party committee and director of the state owned assets supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council, said that the state-owned assets and state-owned enterprise system will do a good job and win the three-year action of state-owned enterprise reform with greater efforts.

完善中国特色现代企业制度，健全国资监管体制

We will improve the modern enterprise system with Chinese characteristics and the regulatory system for state-owned assets

体制机制更完善

Improved system and mechanism

习近平总书记指出，坚持党对国有企业的领导是重大政治原则，必须一以贯之；建立现代企业制度是国有企业改革的方向，也必须一以贯之。

The establishment of a modern enterprise system is the direction of the reform of state-owned enterprises, and it must be carried out consistently.

三年行动中，国资国企坚持“两个一以贯之”，加快完善中国特色现代企业制度。

During the three-year action, state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises adhered to the "two consistent" principle and accelerated the improvement of the modern enterprise system with Chinese characteristics.

——党的领导全面加强。

——The party's leadership has been strengthened in an all-round way

中国特色现代国有企业制度，“特”就特在把党的领导融入公司治理各环节，把企业党组织内嵌到公司治理结构之中。通过开展三年行动，国有企业党组织在公司治理结构中的法定地位得到明确和落实。目前，全部中央企业集团公司、地方一级企业、绝大多数中央企业和地方重要子企业均制定了“前置研究讨论重大经营管理事项清单”，党组织与董事会之间的权责边界更加清晰、决策程序更加规范。

The modern state-owned enterprise system with Chinese characteristics is characterized by integrating the leadership of the party into all links of corporate governance and embedding the party organization into the corporate governance structure. Through the three-year action, the legal status of Party organizations in state-owned enterprises in the corporate governance structure has been clarified and implemented. At present, all central enterprise groups, local level enterprises, the vast majority of central enterprises and local important subsidiaries have developed a "pre research and discussion list of major business and management matters", which makes the power and responsibility boundary between the party organization and the board of directors clearer and the decision-making process more standardized

——董事会实现应建尽建。

——The board of directors shall make every effort to achieve what should be done.

指导子企业完成董事会议事规则及权责清单修订，严格执行“全体董事和全体外部董事双过半出席”等要求；建立182人的外部董事人才库，开展“小组制”委派；新设外部董事管理部……近年来，中国建筑多措并举，让董事会运作更规范、决策更高效。

Guide the subsidiary enterprises to complete the revision of the rules of procedure of the board of directors and the list of rights and responsibilities, and strictly implement the requirements of "more than half of all directors and all external directors attending"; Establish a talent pool of 182 external directors and carry out "team system" appointment; Newly established external director management department... In recent years, CSCEC has taken many measures to make the operation of the board of directors more standardized and decision-making more efficient.

应建尽建，配齐建强。目前，1.29万户中央企业子企业、2.63万户地方国有企业子企业均已设立董事会，实现外部董事占多数的比例分别达到99.6%、96.7%。

Build as much as you can, and be well equipped. At present, 12900 subsidiaries of central enterprises and 26300 subsidiaries of local state-owned enterprises have set up boards of directors, and the proportion of external directors in the majority has reached 99.6% and 96.7% respectively.

——完善经理层行权履职机制。

——Improve the executive power and duty performance mechanism of the management.

自2010年投产后连续10年亏损，2021年扭亏为盈、实现盈利2194万元，中铝集团所属华中铜业的经营好转，离不开职业经理人制度改革：2名原经理班子成员退出，市场化引进2名班子成员，内部新选聘1名中层干部为职业经理人。三年行动中，中铝集团对51家下属企业的149名经理班子成员实施此项改革，推动多家企业扭亏脱困。

Since it was put into operation in 2010, it has suffered losses for 10 consecutive years. In 2021, it turned losses into profits and realized a profit of 21.94 million yuan. The improvement of the operation of central China copper industry, which belongs to Chalco group, is inseparable from the reform of the professional manager system: two former management team members quit, two team members were introduced into the market, and a new middle-level cadre was selected as a professional manager. During the three-year action, Chalco implemented this reform on 149 members of the management team of 51 subordinate enterprises, and promoted many enterprises to turn losses into difficulties

推广董事会向经理层授权的管理制度、推行职业经理人制度，一系列改革举措，让经理层谋经营、抓落实、强管理的积极作用得到更好发挥。

Promote the management system authorized by the board of directors to the management, promote the professional manager system, and take a series of reform measures to give better play to the positive role of the management in managing, implementing and strengthening management

通过开展三年行动，中国特色现代企业制度更加成熟更加定型，以管资本为主的国资监管体制也更加健全。目前，37个地方国资委均完成权责清单制定完善工作，35个地方国资委针对不同企业进行了分类授放权。各级国资委逐步实现管资本与管党建相结合、履行出资人职责与履行国资监管职责相结合、党内监督与出资人监督相结合的“三个结合”。

Through the three-year action, the modern enterprise system with Chinese characteristics has become more mature and finalized, and the state-owned assets supervision system focusing on capital management has become more sound. At present, 37 local SASAC have completed the formulation and improvement of the list of rights and responsibilities, and 35 local SASAC have carried out classified authorization for different enterprises. SASAC at all levels has gradually realized the "Three Combinations" of managing capital and Party building, performing the responsibilities of investors and state-owned assets supervision, and combining inner-party supervision with the supervision of investors.

推进重组整合，加快转型升级，持续瘦身健体

Promote restructuring and integration, accelerate transformation and upgrading, and continue to slim down

结构布局更优化

More optimized structural layout

今年一季度，中央企业累计实现营业收入9万亿元，同比增长15.4%；累计实现净利润4723.3亿元，同比增长13.7%。在经济下行压力加大的背景下取得这一成绩，和中央企业实力增强关系密切。三年行动开展以来，国资国企加快推进国有经济布局优化和结构调整，让资源配置效率持续提升、服务保障国家重大战略更加有力。

In the first quarter of this year, central enterprises achieved a total operating income of 9trillion yuan, an increase of 15.4% year-on-year; The accumulated net profit was 472.33 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 13.7%. This achievement is closely related to the strengthening of central enterprises against the background of increasing downward pressure on the economy. Since the implementation of the three-year action, state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises have accelerated the optimization of the layout and structural adjustment of the state-owned economy, so as to continuously improve the efficiency of resource allocation and strengthen the major national strategy of service guarantee.

——战略性重组专业化整合全面推进，国有资本在重要行业领域的控制力更强。

——Strategic restructuring, specialization and integration have been promoted in an all-round way, and state-owned capital has stronger control over important industries.

今年一季度，矿山和冶炼分离产量提升15%以上，实现营业收入、利润总额分别同比大幅增长41%和65.7%。这一良好业绩，属于2021年12月刚刚挂牌成立的中国稀土集团有限公司。由中国铝业、中国五矿、赣州稀土等公司稀土板块整合而来的中国稀土，打通了稀土产业链上下游，未来将努力打造一流稀土企业集团。

In the first quarter of this year, the output of mining and smelting separation increased by more than 15%, and the operating revenue and total profit increased significantly by 41% and 65.7% respectively year-on-year. This good performance belongs to China Rare Earth Group Co., Ltd., which was just established in december2021. China rare earth, which is integrated from the rare earth sector of China aluminum, China Minmetals, Ganzhou rare earth and other companies, has opened up the upstream and downstream of the rare earth industry chain, and will strive to build a first-class rare earth enterprise group in the future.

重组整合，有利于优化国有资本布局，提升国有资本配置效率。三年行动中，类似“动作”还有很多——

Restructuring and integration is conducive to optimizing the layout of state-owned capital and improving the efficiency of state-owned capital allocation. In the three-year operation, there are many similar "actions"——

中央企业层面，中国星网、中国电气装备、中国物流集团挂牌成立，中化集团和中国化工联合重组，中国电科重组中国普天，鞍钢重组本钢，国家管网资产重组顺利完成。地方企业层面，福建、四川等地推动交通、建筑等领域企业“强强联合”，打造产业集团。

At the level of central enterprises, China Star network, China electric equipment and China logistics group were established, Sinochem and SINOCHEM were jointly restructured, CETC restructured China Putian, Angang restructured Benxi Steel, and the reorganization of national pipe network assets was successfully completed. At the level of local enterprises, Fujian, Sichuan and other places promote the "strong alliance" of enterprises in transportation, construction and other fields to build industrial groups.

——产业转型升级步伐加快，国有企业市场竞争力更强。

——The pace of industrial transformation and upgrading has accelerated, and the market competitiveness of state-owned enterprises has become stronger.

在生态环保领域，布局水处理、固废处理等业务；在新材料领域，投资陶瓷基复合材料领军企业；在数字经济领域，并购电子数据取证行业龙头企业……近年来，国投集团通过直接投资与基金投资“双轮联动”，积极培育发展新兴产业。

In the field of ecological and environmental protection, it has arranged water treatment, solid waste treatment and other businesses; In the field of new materials, invest in leading enterprises of ceramic matrix composites; In the field of digital economy, it has acquired leading enterprises in the electronic data forensics industry... In recent years, SDIC group has actively cultivated and developed emerging industries through "two rounds of linkage" between direct investment and fund investment.

南方电网持续加大电网和相关新型基础设施建设投入，年投资规模千亿元以上；江苏、浙江宁波等地企业90%以上新增投资投向先进制造、新能源、现代服务业……三年行动中，国资国企加大战略性新兴产业投资布局力度，收获了更强发展动能。

China Southern Power Grid continued to increase investment in power grid and related new infrastructure construction, with an annual investment scale of more than 100 billion yuan; More than 90% of the new investment of enterprises in Jiangsu, Ningbo and other places has been invested in advanced manufacturing, new energy and modern service industries... During the three-year action, state-owned enterprises have increased their investment in strategic emerging industries and gained stronger momentum for development.

——非优势国有资本退出科学有序，更多国有企业实现轻装上阵。

——Non advantaged state-owned capital has been withdrawn in a scientific and orderly manner, and more state-owned enterprises have entered the battle light.

从巨额亏损到扭亏为盈，再到去年各项指标均创历史最好水平，包钢（集团）公司靠的是瘦身健体、降本增效等改革。包钢近年来建立完善劣质企业退出机制，对“僵尸企业”和亏损企业采取资产重组、产权转让、关闭破产等方式“出清”，推动资产盘活止损。

From huge losses to turning losses into profits, and last year, all indicators reached the best level in history. Baotou Steel (Group) Co., Ltd. relied on reforms such as slimming down, cost reduction and efficiency increase. In recent years, Baotou Iron and steel has established and improved the exit mechanism for inferior enterprises, and "cleared" the "zombie enterprises" and loss making enterprises by means of asset restructuring, property right transfer, closure and bankruptcy, so as to promote asset revitalization and stop losses.

瘦身健体，轻装上阵。2016年至2021年底，中央企业共“压减”法人户数1.9万余户，占中央企业总户数的38.3%，推动管理层级控制在5级以内；“两非”（非主业、非优势）、“两资”（低效资产、无效资产）清退主体任务基本完成，全国纳入名单的“僵尸企业”处置率超过95%，重点亏损子企业三年减亏83.8%。

Keep fit and go to battle light. From 2016 to the end of 2021, central enterprises "reduced" the number of legal persons by more than 19000, accounting for 38.3% of the total number of central enterprises, and promoted the management level to be controlled within level 5; The tasks of "two non" (non main businesses and non advantages) and "two capital" (inefficient assets and invalid assets) have been basically completed. The disposal rate of "zombie enterprises" included in the national list has exceeded 95%, and the losses of key loss making subsidiaries have been reduced by 83.8% in three years.

三年行动中，国有企业混合所有制改革也在不断深化。2021年，中央企业通过市场化方式，实施混改项目超过890项，引入社会资本超过3800亿元。混改企业坚持“以混促改”，在完善公司治理、市场化选人用人、中长期激励、全员绩效考核等方面取得了积极进展。

During the three-year action, the reform of mixed ownership of state-owned enterprises has also been deepened. In 2021, central enterprises implemented more than 890 mixed transformation projects and introduced more than 380billion yuan of social capital through marketization. The mixed reform enterprises adhere to the principle of "promoting reform through mixing", and have made positive progress in improving corporate governance, market-oriented selection and employment, medium and long-term incentives, and performance appraisal of all employees.

管理人员能上能下，员工能进能出，收入能增能减

The management personnel can be promoted or demoted, the employees can enter or leave, and the income can be increased or decreased

内生动力更充足

More endogenous power

打造港珠澳大桥等重大工程，研发“天鲲号”自航绞吸挖泥船等“国之重器”，突破长大桥隧、海工装备等关键核心技术……近年来，中交集团的创新成果接连问世。

We have built major projects such as the Hong Kong Zhuhai Macao Bridge, developed "national heavyweights" such as the "Tiankun" self-propelled cutter suction dredger, and broken through key core technologies such as long bridges and tunnels, and marine engineering equipment... In recent years, the innovative achievements of CCCC group have come out one after another.

“一方面加大投入，将研发经费投入强度提高至3%。另一方面深化改革，把‘位子’交给市场，把‘薪酬’交给业绩。”中交集团有关负责人列出一组数据：所属各级子企业管理人员末等调整及不胜任退出比例达到8.89%；不同单位领导人员薪酬差距最高达3倍。

"On the one hand, we will increase investment in research and development to 3%. On the other hand, we will deepen reform, give 'seats' to the market and' pay 'to performance." The relevant person in charge of CCCC group listed a set of data: the proportion of unqualified and incompetent management personnel of subsidiaries at all levels reached 8.89%; The salary gap of leaders in different units is up to 3 times.

三年行动中，国资国企加快完善市场化经营机制，有效激发了企业内生动力。

During the three-year action, state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises accelerated the improvement of market-oriented operation mechanism, effectively stimulating the endogenous power of enterprises.

——推动经理层成员任期制和契约化管理，让管理人员能上能下。

We will promote the tenure system and contractual management of the members of the management so that managers can move up and down.

中国五矿推行“双对标双70”契约化管理模式，经理层成员年度业绩考核未达到70分（满分100分）或年度业绩考核主要指标完成率低于70%，企业董事予以及时解聘；中国节能为经理层成员设置具有科学性、挑战性的契约目标，绩效薪酬与业绩考核结果“强挂钩”……截至3月底，全部中央企业集团和97.3%的地方一级企业已建立对子企业经理层成员任期制和契约化管理的制度。2021年，中央企业、地方国有企业管理人员竞争上岗人数占比分别达到42.9%、37.7%，末等调整和不胜任退出人数占比分别达到4.5%、3%。

China Minmetals implements the contractual management mode of "double benchmarking and double 70". If the annual performance assessment of the members of the management fails to reach 70 points (out of 100 points) or the completion rate of the main indicators of the annual performance assessment is lower than 70%, the directors of the enterprise will be dismissed in time; Cecep has set scientific and challenging contractual targets for the management members, and the performance compensation is "strongly linked" to the performance appraisal results... By the end of March, all central enterprise groups and 97.3% of local level enterprises have established a tenure system and contractual management system for the management members of subsidiary enterprises. In 2021, the number of managers of central enterprises and local state-owned enterprises competing for posts will account for 42.9% and 37.7% respectively, and the number of final adjustment and incompetent withdrawal will account for 4.5% and 3% respectively.

——全面推进市场化用工，让员工能进能出。

-Promote market-oriented employment in an all-round way so that employees can enter and exit.

陕西省国资委全面推进市场化用工，一级企业及各级子企业中，99.3%建立了公开招聘制度；南方电网实施轮岗、降岗、待岗、退出管理机制，畅通员工退出通道……今年以来，中央企业集团公司及各级子企业公开招聘人员占新进员工总数的99.5%；地方一级企业及各级子企业公开招聘人员占新进员工总数的99.6%。

The state owned assets supervision and Administration Commission of Shaanxi Province has comprehensively promoted market-oriented employment, and 99.3% of first-class enterprises and subsidiaries at all levels have established an open recruitment system; China Southern Power Grid has implemented the management mechanism of job rotation, job demotion, job waiting and exit, and unblocked the exit channel for employees... Since this year, the open recruitment of employees by the central enterprise group and its subsidiaries at all levels has accounted for 99.5% of the total number of new employees; The number of employees publicly recruited by local level enterprises and subsidiaries at all levels accounts for 99.6% of the total number of new employees.

——健全激励约束机制，让收入能增能减。

-- Improve the incentive and restraint mechanism so that income can increase and decrease.

“实施骨干员工持股以来，越来越多科研人员走出办公室、走向钢厂车间，爬高炉、巡产线，探索智能化升级方案。”在中冶赛迪信息智能制造事业部负责人于目奎看来，科学的激励机制点燃了员工热情，为企业打造工业互联网平台、开拓新市场空间提供了有力支撑。

"Since the implementation of key employee stock ownership, more and more scientific researchers have gone out of the office to the steel plant workshop, climbed the blast furnace, patrolled the production line, and explored intelligent upgrading schemes." According to yumukui, head of MCC CCID information intelligent manufacturing division, the scientific incentive mechanism has ignited the enthusiasm of employees and provided a strong support for enterprises to build an industrial Internet platform and explore new market space.

中国国新在所属上市公司全部实施股权激励计划，南方航空分层分类建立差异化薪酬弹性机制……一系列激励约束举措更好调动了干部职工的积极性，使投入产出效率明显提高。2021年，中央企业全员劳动生产率达69.4万元/人，同比增长17.5%。

China Guoxin has implemented the equity incentive plan in all its listed companies, and China Southern Airlines has established a differentiated salary flexibility mechanism by classification... A series of incentive and restraint measures have better mobilized the enthusiasm of cadres and workers, and significantly improved the input-output efficiency. In 2021, the total labor productivity of central enterprises reached 694000 yuan / person, with a year-on-year increase of 17.5%

《 人民日报 》（ 2022年06月13日 06 版）

"People's Daily" (June 13, 2022, 06 edition)