耕牧“蓝色粮仓” 山东烟台海洋牧场建设调查

Investigation on the Construction of "Blue Granary" Marine Ranch in Yantai, Shandong

截至2021年底，我国创建国家级海洋牧场示范区已达136个。这一数字距离《国家级海洋牧场示范区建设规划（2017—2025年）》提出的到2025年创建200个国家级海洋牧场示范区的目标越来越近。曾经还相对陌生的“海洋牧场”概念，正在慢慢变为现实。数量增加了，质量怎么样？现在的“蓝色粮仓”到底建成什么样了？带着诸多疑问，经济日报记者来到山东烟台市采访调研，亲眼看一看，和海洋耕牧人们聊一聊。

By the end of 2021, my country has established 136 national-level marine ranching demonstration zones. This figure is getting closer and closer to the goal of creating 200 national-level marine ranching demonstration areas by 2025, which is proposed in the "National Marine Ranch Demonstration Zone Construction Plan (2017-2025)". The concept of "Ocean Ranch", which was once relatively unfamiliar, is slowly becoming a reality. The quantity has increased, how about the quality? What is the current "blue granary" like? With many questions, reporters from Economic Daily came to Yantai City, Shandong for an interview and investigation.

4月下旬，记者来到山东省烟台市高新区金山湾海域的东宇海洋牧场平台时，正赶上海参的春季捕捞季。伴随马达阵阵轰鸣声，船员将捕捞上来的海参装船，海螺、螃蟹、扇贝等新鲜海货跟着一同上岸，海风中洋溢着丰收的喜悦。

In late April, when the reporter came to the Dongyu Ocean Ranch platform in the Jinshan Bay waters of the High-tech Zone, Yantai City, Shandong Province, it was just in time for the spring fishing season of sea cucumber. With the roar of the motor, the crew loaded the sea cucumbers, and the fresh seafood such as conch, crab, and scallop came ashore together. The sea breeze was filled with the joy of harvest.

“瞧，这海参一个就有半斤多！现在正是海参大批量成熟时，每天能捞1万斤以上，多的时候能有2万斤。”烟台东宇海珍品有限公司总经理李效平说，海参从幼苗到成熟要成长四五年时间，春季和秋季是捕捞作业最繁忙的时节。

"Look, one of these sea cucumbers is more than half a catty! Now is the time when sea cucumbers are mature in large quantities, and they can catch more than 10,000 catties a day, and when there are more, they can have 20,000 catties." said Li Xiaoping, general manager of Yantai Dongyuhai Treasures Co., Ltd., It takes four to five years for sea cucumbers to grow from seedlings to maturity. Spring and autumn are the busiest seasons for fishing operations..

“海洋牧场”的概念近些年逐渐被大家所熟知。海洋牧场是在特定海域，通过人工鱼礁、增殖放流、生态养殖等措施，构建或者修复海洋生物繁殖、生长、索饵或者避敌所需场所，增殖养护渔业资源，改善海域生态环境，实现渔业资源可持续利用的模式。智能网箱和多功能海上平台都属于海洋牧场的实现形式。

The concept of "marine ranching" has become more and more familiar in recent years. Marine ranching is in a specific area, through the artificial reef, enhancement, ecological breeding and other measures, construction or repair of marine biological reproduction, growth, feeding or avoid the enemy required places, proliferation and conservation of fishery resources, improve the ecological environment of the sea, to achieve the sustainable utilization of fishery resources. The intelligent net cage and the multifunctional offshore platform belong to the realization form of the ocean pasture.

烟台海洋生态环境优良，近1/5的海域适宜建设优质海洋牧场。目前烟台拥有省级以上海洋牧场43处，其中国家级18处，居地级市首位。海洋牧场总面积已发展到130万亩。

Yantai has an excellent marine ecological environment, and nearly 1/5 of the sea area is suitable for building high-quality marine pastures. At present, Yantai has 43 marine ranches above the provincial level, including 18 at the national level, ranking first among prefecture-level cities. The total area of marine pastures has grown to 1.3 million mu

带为线、群为珠、线穿珠，在烟台莱州湾、庙岛群岛、四十里湾、丁字湾海域，“耕海1号”“国鲍1号”“经海001号”“长鲸1号”“长渔1号”等海洋牧场像一颗颗珍珠镶嵌在海平面上。海洋牧场是怎样运作的？如何同时实现经济效益与生态效益？给周边传统渔业从业者的生产生活带来哪些变化？经济日报记者走访烟台多座海洋牧场展开调查。

The belt is a line, the group is a pearl, and the line passes through the pearl. In the sea areas of Yantai Laizhou Bay, Miaodao Islands, Shiliwan and Tingzi Bay, "Genghai No. 1", "Guobao No. 1", "Jinghai No. 001" and "Changhai No. 1" Marine pastures such as Whale No. 1 and Changyu No. 1 are inlaid on the sea level like pearls. How does Ocean Ranch work? How to achieve economic and ecological benefits at the same time? What changes will it bring to the production and life of the surrounding traditional fishery practitioners? Economic Daily reporters visited a number of marine ranches in Yantai to investigate.

“类野生”养殖逐步实现

"Wild" breeding gradually realized

位于山东半岛北端的南隍城岛是原种皱纹盘鲍的发源地和原产地，也是原种皱纹盘鲍亲本的主要输出地。4月21日，记者登上全国首座坐底式海珍品养殖网箱——“国鲍1号”。打开其中一个养殖笼，看到几十头肥美的鲍鱼盖着海草“被子”安居在内。网箱可年产优质海珍品70吨至120吨，一个网箱相当于过去上万亩海域的养殖数量。网箱突破了传统鲍鱼、海胆深海养殖的限制，真正实现海珍品深远海智能装备化“类野生”养殖。记者了解到，烟台市培植壮大莱州明波、山东安源等渔业苗种“育繁推一体化”龙头企业，年培育各类水产苗种3500亿单位，成为我国北方重要的海水健康苗种供应基地。

Nanhuangcheng Island, located at the north end of Shandong Peninsula, is the birthplace and origin of original Haliotis discus hannai, and also the main export place of original Haliotis discus hannai. On April 21, the reporter boarded the first bottom - sitting seafood breeding cage in China -"National Abalone No.1." Open one of the breeding cages and see dozens of fat abalones covered with seaweed "quilt" inside. The net cage can produce 70 tons to 120 tons of high - quality seafood annually, and one net cage is equivalent to the breeding quantity of tens of thousands of mu of sea area in the past. The net cage breaks through the limitation of traditional abalone and sea urchin deep - sea culture, and truly realizes the intelligent and equipped "wild - like" culture of rare seafood in far - reaching sea. The reporter learned that Yantai City has cultivated and strengthened Laizhou Mingbo, Shandong Anyuan and other leading enterprises of "breeding, breeding and pushing integration" of fishery fingerlings, and cultivated 350 billion units of various aquatic fingerlings annually, becoming an important supply base for healthy seawater fingerlings in northern China.

在南隍城岛海域上，首批亚洲最大量产型深海智能网箱平台——“经海001号”“经海002号”“经海003号”，呈“品”字形分立黄海海面，之间相距约3公里。站在船头遥望，智能网箱平台如同“海中城堡”矗立在海天之间。更令人震撼的是登上“海中城堡”后，眼见肥美的黑鲪鱼在网箱中不时浮出水面觅食，带来一抹抹银光闪闪的鲜亮！

In the waters off Nanhuangcheng Island, the first batch of Asia's largest mass-produced deep-sea intelligent cage platforms - "Jinghai No. 001", "Jinghai No. 002", "Jinghai No. 003", are separated from the surface of the Yellow Sea in the shape of a "pin". The distance between them is about 3 kilometers. Standing on the bow of the ship and looking into the distance, the intelligent cage platform stands between the sea and the sky like a "castle in the sea". What's even more shocking is that after boarding the "Castle in the Sea", I saw plump black squid emerging from time to time in the cage for food, bringing a touch of silvery brightness!

以“经海001号”深海智能网箱平台为例，尺寸为68米×68米×40米，是坐底式钢结构，养殖水体达7万立方米，养有黑鲪鱼约60万尾。偌大的网箱平台上仅有4名工作人员，如何实现数十万尾鱼儿的自动化、智能化养殖？经海渔业渔服事业部工程师纪翔指着平台西南角的漏斗形饵料罐说：“饲料运输船直接将饵料打入漏斗，饵料通过分布在网箱四周的投喂口实现每日投喂。”恰逢喂鱼时段，记者看到大漏斗一侧的机房设备运转起来，碗口粗的投喂口“哗啦啦”雨点般投射着饵料，不断有鱼群翻出水面觅食。看着波光粼粼的围网，我们很难想象，围网内竟然养着数量如此庞大的黑鲪鱼，短短数月就将出鱼数百吨！

Take the "Jinghai 001" deep - sea intelligent cage platform as an example, size 68m × 68m × 40m, it is a bottom - sitting steel structure, with 70,000 cubic meters of aquaculture water and about 600,000 black croaker. There are only 4 staff on the large net cage platform. How to realize the automatic and intelligent breeding of hundreds of thousands of fish? Ji Xiang, an engineer of the Fishery Service Division of the Sea Fisheries Division, pointed to the funnel - shaped bait tank in the southwest corner of the platform and said: "The feed carrier directly feeds the bait into the funnel, and the bait is fed every day through the feeding ports distributed around the cage." Coinciding with the fish feeding period, the reporter saw that the equipment in the machine room on one side of the big funnel was running, the thick feeding mouth of the bowl was throwing bait like "clatter" raindrops, and fish kept turning out of the water to find food. Looking at the sparkling purse seine, it is hard to imagine that there are such a large number of black herring fish in the purse seine, hundreds of tons of fish will be produced in just a few months!

中集蓝海洋科技有限公司技术部经理刘富祥告诉记者，“经海系列”是由中集来福士自主研发的亚洲单体最大的深远海智能化网箱。网箱上搭载了5G通信、海洋数据监测以及水下监控等多种系统，可以让鱼儿在“类野生”环境下生长。首批“经海系列”深水智能网箱里的“类野生”好鱼——经海黑鲪、经海花鲈已开始收获。

Liu Fuxiang, Technical Manager of CIMC Blue Ocean Technology Co., Ltd., told the reporter that the "Jinghai Series" is the largest single intelligent cage in Asia independently developed by CIMC Raffles. The cage is equipped with 5G communication, marine data monitoring and underwater monitoring systems, which can allow fish to grow in a "wild - like" environment. The first batch of "sea - passing series" deep - water intelligent cages have begun to harvest "wild - like" good fish - sea - passing black fish and sea - passing perch.

中集来福士是一家海工装备制造企业，海洋牧场平台是其“油转渔”初期的一项技术成果。中集来福士海洋工程有限公司助理总裁、烟台经海海洋渔业有限公司总经理郭福元表示，“经海渔业是‘百箱计划’项目的实施主体，乘着国家海洋战略深入和新旧动能转换的东风，在各级政府支持下，项目实施渐入佳境，对我们来说，从海工装备到渔业装备建造，再到渔业养殖，每一次跨界都是挑战”。

CIMC Raffles is an offshore equipment manufacturing enterprise, and the marine ranching platform is a technological achievement in the early stage of its "oil-to-fishing" strategy. Guo Fuyuan, Assistant President of CIMC Raffles Offshore Engineering Co., Ltd. and General Manager of Yantai Jinghai Ocean Fishery Co., Ltd., said, "Jinghai Fishery is the main body of the implementation of the 'Hundred Boxes Plan' project. Dongfeng, with the support of governments at all levels, the implementation of the project is getting better. For us, from offshore equipment to fishery equipment construction, to fish farming, every cross-border is a challenge."

2020年，烟台市启动“百箱计划”，旨在通过“百箱”带动“千箱万箱”，触发万亿级海洋经济产业链。同年，由中集集团与烟台市共建的中国海工北方总部战略合作首个落地项目——烟台经海海洋渔业有限公司成立，有效推动海洋牧场建设从“分散经营”向“集团化运作”转变。据悉，“百箱计划”在2023年预计将开工建设6座至8座网箱。

In 2020, Yantai City launched the "Hundred Boxes Plan", which aims to drive "thousand boxes and ten thousand boxes" through "hundred boxes" and trigger a trillion-level marine economic industrial chain. In the same year, Yantai Jinghai Marine Fishery Co., Ltd., the first strategic cooperation project of China National Offshore Engineering North Headquarters jointly built by CIMC and Yantai City, was established, effectively promoting the construction of marine ranches from "decentralized operation" to "group operation" change. It is reported that the "Hundred Box Plan" is expected to start construction of 6 to 8 cages in 2023.

日前，中集集团旗下中集来福士为烟台经海海洋渔业有限公司建造的“经海004号”智能网箱在长岛南隍城海域完成坐底交付，将用于许氏平鲉等商品鱼类的养殖。至此，经海渔业“百箱计划”首批4座网箱全部集结入驻南隍城岛。

A few days ago, the "Jinghai 004" intelligent net cage built by CIMC Raffles under CIMC Group for Yantai Jinghai Marine Fisheries Co., Ltd. was delivered at the bottom in the sea area of Nanhuangcheng, Long Island, and will be used for the breeding of commercial fish such as Sebastes schlegeli. At this point, the first four cages of the " 100 - box plan" of the sea fishery were all gathered and settled in Nanhuangcheng Island.

渔民变身“耕海牧洋人”

Fishermen turn into "Foreigners"

靠山吃山，靠海吃海。近年来，依山傍海的烟台长岛综试区南长山街道孙家村捧起了海洋牧场饭碗。

Communities depend, depend on the sea to eat sea. In recent years, Sunjia Village, Nanchangshan Street, Yantai Changdao Comprehensive Test Area, which is close to the mountains and the sea, has won the rice bowl of marine pasture.

“自从建设海洋牧场，搞起生态养殖，我们的生活发生了很大变化。我们的海洋牧场被评为烟台市市级休闲渔业基地，目前正在积极申报省级海洋牧场，给村民带来更多福利！”孙家村党支部书记孙成伟干劲十足。孙家村东源海洋牧场海域面积4400亩，是村集体控股的海洋牧场，从2015年开始建设，在中科院海岸带研究所技术支持下，确立了“固藻集鱼”的模式，通过培植海藻修复海洋生态环境，发展生态养殖。

"Since the construction of marine ranch and the establishment of ecological farming, our life has changed a lot. Our marine ranch has been rated as a municipal-level recreational fishery base in Yantai, and we are actively applying for a provincial-level marine ranch, bringing more benefits to the villagers. Welfare!" Sun Chengwei, Secretary of the Party Branch of Sunjiacun, was full of energy. The sea area of Dongyuan Marine Ranch in Sunjia Village is 4,400 mu. It is a marine ranch controlled by the village collective. It has been constructed since 2015. With the technical support of the Institute of Coastal Zones of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the model of "fixing algae and gathering fish" has been established, and repaired by cultivating seaweed The marine ecological environment and the development of ecological farming.

依托海洋牧场，孙家村还成立由村党支部领办的海参养殖合作社，113户村民加入合作社，占村庄总户数的73.6%。仅海参销售一项，孙家村年均收入200余万元，拉动村集体增收60余万元，社员户均增收4000余元。

Relying on the marine pasture, Sunjia Village also established a sea cucumber breeding cooperative led by the village party branch, 113 villagers joined the cooperative, accounting for 73.6% of the total number of households in the village. Only sea cucumber sales, Sunjia Village annual average income of more than 2 million yuan, driving the village collective income of more than 600,000 yuan, the average income of more than 4000 yuan.

记者走访中了解到，很多人担心加快建设海洋牧场会影响周边渔民的收入，事实怎样呢？作为长岛综试区南隍城村的老养殖户，葛长会介绍：“正愁养的黑鲪鱼没地方卖，经海把我们养的鱼都买走了。”长期以来，鱼卖多少钱，定价权在收鱼的人手里，“小散”渔民很被动，现在情况发生了变化。作为体量大的养殖公司，“经海001号”的运营不仅没有和周边渔民形成竞争关系，反而有效降低了渔民的养殖风险。“经海001号”与岛上的渔业合作社渔民签订“大渔带小渔”合作养殖协议，每年收购鱼苗60多万斤。

The reporter learned during the visit that many people are worried that speeding up the construction of marine pastures will affect the income of surrounding fishermen. What is the truth? As an old farmer in Nanhuangcheng Village, Changdao Comprehensive Test Area, Ge Chang will introduce: "I was worried that there was no place to sell the black herring, so I bought all the fish we raised by the sea." For a long time, the price of the fish was in the hands of the people who collected the fish, and the "small scattered" fishermen were very passive. Now the situation has changed. As a large - scale breeding company, the operation of "Jinghai No.001" not only did not form a competitive relationship with the surrounding fishermen, but effectively reduced the breeding risks of fishermen. "Jinghai No.001" signed a cooperative breeding agreement with the fishermen of the island's fishing cooperative,"large fishing with small fishing," and purchased more than 600,000 catties of fish fry every year.

“过去我们养殖成品鱼需要3年时间，有海洋牧场后只需1年半。我们养前半程，他们养后半程，渔民收益不仅没减少，反倒增加了。”长岛综试区南隍城乡南隍城村党支部书记李盛平说。

"In the past, it took us three years to raise finished fish, but it only took one and a half years after we had marine ranches. We raised the first half, and they raised the second half. Fishermen's income not only did not decrease, but increased instead. " Long island comprehensive test area nanhuang city township nanhuang city village party branch secretary li shengping said.

在离岸数百米的南隍城岛湾区，分布着连片的小网箱，渔民开着机动船忙碌着。热情健谈的渔民葛茂武告诉记者：“我干养殖20多年了，这些年养黑鱼，感觉湾区养殖不好做。内湾流水少、养分少，鱼的死亡率就高。黑鱼3年才能养到1斤多。去年，南隍城成立渔民合作社，牵头与经海渔业合作。经海渔业的技术人员在养殖过程中免费提供技术指导，养到半斤左右的成品鱼苗，只要检验合格，经海就打包收走了。”葛茂武介绍，经海的收购价一般比市场价高一两元，整网收对鱼的伤害少。现在长岛好多渔民也开始转型养黑鱼苗了。

In the bay area of Nanhuangcheng Island, hundreds of meters offshore, there are contiguous small cages, and fishermen are busy with motor boats. Enthusiastic and talkative fisherman Ge Maowu told reporters: "I have been farming blackfish for more than 20 years. I have been raising blackfish for more than 20 years. I feel that farming in the bay area is not good. There is less water and nutrients in the inner bay, and the mortality rate of fish is high. It takes three years to raise blackfish to 1 Last year, Nanhuangcheng established a fishermen's cooperative and took the lead in cooperating with Jinghai Fishery. The technicians of Jinghai Fishery provided free technical guidance during the breeding process. After raising about half a catty of finished fry, as long as the inspection passed, Jinghai would Pack it up and take it away." Ge Maowu introduced that the purchase price of Jinghai is generally one or two yuan higher than the market price, and the whole net collection does less damage to the fish. Now many fishermen on Long Island have begun to transition to raising black fry.

人工造礁涵养生态

artificial reef - building ecological conservation

现代化的海洋牧场不仅使深远海成为“良田”，供给更丰富的海产品，改善渔业从业人员的生产生活状态，同时，也在悄然改善着海域生态。

Modern marine ranches not only make the far - reaching sea a "fertile land," provide more abundant marine products and improve the production and living conditions of fishery workers, but also quietly improve the marine ecology.

多年未见的大叶藻、海萝等藻类丛丛簇簇地布满海岸，白江豚、鲸鱼等结队现身，鲍鱼等野生海珍品、渤海刀鱼等传统鱼类资源不同程度恢复……眼下，在长岛徐徐展开了一幅人与自然和谐共生的生态画卷。看着现在的生态环境，我们很难想起海洋渔业养殖曾经的模样。彼时，近岸海域连片的养殖设施和粗放的饵料投喂导致养殖产出大，污染也重。

Algae such as zostera marina and sea rose, which have not been seen for many years, are scattered on the coast, white finless porpoises and whales appear in groups, abalone and other wild seafood, Bohai saury and other traditional fish resources have been restored to varying degrees ... At present, an ecological picture of harmonious coexistence between man and nature has been slowly unfolded in Long Island. Looking at the current ecological environment, it is difficult for us to think of what marine fishery farming used to look like. At that time, the continuous breeding facilities and extensive bait feeding in the coastal waters led to large breeding output and heavy pollution.

这样的生态画卷自然离不开海洋牧场的功劳。近年来，长岛下水多功能海上平台5座、大型智能网箱9座，累计投放各类人工鱼礁超过130余万空方，增殖放流超过3000余万尾。为持续改善长岛周边海域生态环境，今年山东南隍城海洋开发有限公司计划投资731万元，全年投放人工鱼礁1.6万空方，截至目前已投放0.8万空方。

This ecological picture is naturally inseparable from the credit of marine pastures. In recent years, Changdao has launched 5 multi - functional offshore platforms and 9 large - scale intelligent net cages, with a total of more than 1.3 million square meters of artificial reefs and more than 30 million fish released. "In order to continuously improve the ecological environment of the surrounding sea area of Long Island, Shandong Nanhuangcheng Ocean Development Co., Ltd. plans to invest 7.31 million yuan this year, putting 16,000 square meters of artificial fish reef in the whole year, and up to now, 8,000 square meters have been put into operation."

每一个礁体表面富集大量的牡蛎、脉红螺等贝类，礁区聚集大量斑石鲷鱼、梭鱼、大口虾虎鱼、黑鲷等野生鱼类。人工鱼礁的存在，能够有效避免拖网作业，防止过度捕捞。

A large number of oysters, rapana venosa and other shellfish are enriched on the surface of each reef, and a large number of wild fishes such as Oplegnathus punctatus, Mugil soiuy, Macrocephalus goby, black porgy, etc. are gathered in the reef area. The existence of artificial reefs can effectively avoid trawling and prevent overfishing.

东宇海洋牧场连续12年向海底投石深海造礁，人工造礁总量达四五十万空方，建造了天然的“海底牧场”。海洋生态环境改善了，海域野生螃蟹、各种经济鱼类明显增多，经济效益可观。目前东宇年产鲜参50多万斤，贝类200多万斤，且产量呈每年递增态势。生物多样性大大增加，使得这里具备良好潜水条件，吸引各地游客。

For 12 consecutive years, Dongyu Marine Ranch has thrown stones to the seabed to build reefs in the deep sea. The total amount of artificial reefs has reached 400,000 to 500,000 square meters, and a natural "submarine ranch" has been built. The marine ecological environment has been improved, and the number of wild crabs and various economic fishes in the sea area has increased significantly, with considerable economic benefits. At present, Dongyu has an annual output of more than 500,000 catties of fresh ginseng and more than 2 million catties of shellfish, and the output is increasing every year. The great increase in biodiversity makes it a good place to dive and attract tourists from all over the world.

如何做好传统渔业“减法”和海洋生态修复“加法”？烟台市近两年共腾退、拆除非法和不符合分区管控的近岸筏式养殖区12万亩，协同推进投礁型、底播型、田园型、装备型、游钓型5大类海洋牧场建设，大规模实施近岸经济型人工鱼礁建设工程，加大增殖放流力度，海洋牧场生物资源明显增加。数据显示，烟台市每年增殖放流各类水产苗种10亿单位以上，示范推广海洋牧场鱼、贝、藻、参绿色生态养殖20万亩，投放各类人工鱼礁总量达到350万空方，海洋牧场和周边海洋生态环境显著改善。

How to do a good job of traditional fishery "subtraction" and marine ecological restoration "addition"? In recent two years, Yantai City has vacated and dismantled 120,000 mu of illegal and non - compliant coastal raft breeding areas, promoted the construction of five types of marine ranches, namely, reef - throwing type, bottom - sowing type, pastoral type, equipment - type and fishing - type, implemented the construction project of nearshore economic artificial reef on a large scale, strengthened the enhancement and release efforts, and the biological resources of marine ranches increased significantly. According to the data Yantai City increases and releases more than 1 billion units of various kinds of aquatic seedlings every year, demonstrates and promotes 200,000 mu of green ecological breeding of fish, shellfish, algae and ginseng in marine pasture, and the total amount of various artificial fish reefs reaches 3.5 million square meters. The marine pasture and surrounding marine ecological environment have been significantly improved.

不仅如此，烟台市投入5000余万元实施海水养殖污染控制示范工程，科学推进海上养殖环保浮球、工厂化养殖场升级改造。建立海洋牧场建设技术推广体系，在莱州、长岛成立2处省级“生态型人工鱼礁实验中心”。加快打造海洋牧场生物种质库和种业基地，加强重要水产种质资源产卵场、越冬场和洄游通道保护管理，现有国家级水产种质资源保护区8处，保护区面积2.56万公顷。

Moreover Yantai City has invested more than 50 million yuan to implement the demonstration project of pollution control for mariculture to scientifically promote the upgrading and reconstruction of environment - friendly floating balls and factory farms for mariculture. Establish a technology promotion system for marine pasture construction, and set up two provincial - level "ecological artificial reef experimental centers" in Laizhou and Changdao. Accelerate the construction of marine pasture biological germplasm bank and seed industry base, strengthen the protection and management of spawning grounds, wintering grounds and migration channels of important aquatic germplasm resources. There are 8 national aquatic germplasm resources protection zones with an area of 25,600 hectares.

培育海上“田园综合体”

Cultivate the "pastoral complex" on the sea

海洋牧场不只养鱼，还能擦出文化旅游的火花。4月22日上午，记者来到位于烟台市莱山区四十里湾海域的烟台清泉海洋（牧场）公园，看到斑石鲷、大泷六线鱼等各类名贵品种鱼苗在网箱内游动。据了解，项目可年产斑石鲷等优质鱼类10万尾，约60余吨。“游客来到这里可先到大平台参观海洋牧场环幕底仓，再到智能化围栏平台垂钓，垂钓完可以现场蒸煮鲜活鱼，享受美味。”烟台清泉海洋科技有限公司养殖技术总监侯明华说。

The ocean ranch not only raises fish, but also sparks cultural tourism. On the morning of April 22, the reporter came to Yantai Qingquan Ocean (Ranch) Park, located in the waters of Shiliwan, Laishan District, Yantai City, and saw various precious species of fry swimming in the cage. verb: move. It is understood that the project can produce 100,000 high-quality fish such as porcupine sea bream, about 60 tons per year. "When tourists come here, they can go to the big platform to visit the ring-screen warehouse of the marine ranch, and then go fishing on the intelligent fence platform. After fishing, they can cook the fresh fish on the spot and enjoy the delicious food." said Hou Minghua, director of breeding technology of Yantai Qingquan Marine Technology Co.

同样位于四十里湾海域的“耕海1号”海洋牧场综合体，将渔业养殖与海洋旅游相结合，开创了“蓝色粮仓+蓝色文旅”海洋牧场发展新模式，在国内首次将渔业养殖、智慧渔业、休闲渔业、科技研发、科普教育等功能集成在统一平台。游客可以在平台体验“渔夫垂钓”乐趣，品尝“海洋主题”美食，欣赏“海上电影院”科普影片，领略“耕海牧渔”海洋文化。

Also located in the sea area of Sishili Bay, the "Genghai No.1" marine ranch complex combines fishery breeding with marine tourism, creating a new development mode of "blue granary + blue cultural tourism" marine ranch, and integrating fishery breeding, intelligent fishery, leisure fishery, scientific research and development, popular science education and other functions on a unified platform for the first time in China. On the platform, visitors can experience the fun of "fisherman fishing," taste "ocean - themed" delicacies, enjoy popular science films of "Sea Cinema," and appreciate the marine culture of "farming the sea, animal husbandry and fishing."

烟台东宇海洋牧场同样关注产业链延伸、融合问题。“相比传统渔业生产模式单一、产业融合度低、抗风险能力差的短板，现代化海洋牧场建设可有效带动一二三产融合发展，延伸、优化海洋渔业产业链价值链。”李效平说。烟台东宇海洋牧场利用多功能海上升降平台和半潜式海上平台，合理规划发展海上观光、休闲垂钓等文旅新业态。

Yantai Dongyu Marine Ranch also pays attention to the extension and integration of industrial chain. "Compared with the shortcomings of traditional fishery production mode, low degree of industrial integration and poor anti - risk ability, the construction of modern marine ranches can effectively promote the integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries, and extend and optimize the value chain of marine fishery industry chain." Li Xiaoping said. Yantai Dongyu Ocean Ranch makes use of multi - functional offshore lifting platform and semi - submersible offshore platform to reasonably plan and develop new cultural and tourism modes such as sea sightseeing and leisure fishing.

在海洋牧场全产业链发展方面，烟台市支持海洋牧场同文旅、体育产业融合发展，打造海上“田园综合体”。共创建省级海钓场18个，成功举办10余次省级“渔夫垂钓”系列赛和全国海钓邀请赛。

In terms of the development of the whole industrial chain of marine ranches, Yantai City supports the integrated development of marine ranches with culture and tourism and sports industry to build a "pastoral complex" on the sea. A total of 18 provincial - level sea fishing grounds were established, and more than 10 provincial - level "fisherman fishing" series competitions and national sea fishing invitational competitions were successfully held.

谈及海洋牧场前期探索面对的困难，烟台市海洋经济研究院院长张建柏说，前期由于海洋牧场建设缺乏足够的陆海统筹，尚未形成科学合理的产业格局。而且，海洋牧场建设内容远远超出了渔业养殖范畴，现有的标准和规范无法满足发展需要。作为从耕海牧渔到游乐餐饮的多功能发展平台，相关政策标准及管理监督涉及多个部门，尚需进一步统一完善。

Talking about the difficulties faced by the early exploration of marine ranches, Zhang Jianbai, president of Yantai City Institute of Marine Economics, said that due to the lack of sufficient land and sea co - ordination in the early construction of marine ranches, a scientific and reasonable industrial pattern has not yet been formed. Moreover, the construction of marine ranching goes far beyond the scope of fishery breeding, and the existing standards and norms cannot meet the development needs. As a multi - functional development platform from farming, animal husbandry and fishing to recreation and catering, relevant policies, standards and management supervision involve many departments, which need to be further unified and improved.

作为新兴业态，海洋牧场建设任重道远。近日，烟台市制定出台了海洋牧场“百箱计划”三年行动方案，将持续聚焦海洋牧场全产业链建设，聚力强化苗种供应、装备制造、数字智能、加工流通、品牌标准、金融服务、人才智力、产业融合等八大支撑，计划到2024年，投产深远海大型智能养殖设施50个，省级以上海洋牧场总数达到50处，争创全国深远海智能养殖示范区，全力打造国家海洋牧场建设示范城市。

As a new industry, the construction of marine pasture has a long way to go. Recently Yantai City has formulated and issued a three - year action plan for the " 100 - box plan" of marine ranches, which will continue to focus on the construction of the whole industrial chain of marine ranches, and focus on strengthening eight supports such as seed supply, equipment manufacturing, digital intelligence, processing and circulation, brand standards, financial services, talents and intelligence, and industrial integration. It is planned that by 2024, 50 large - scale intelligent breeding facilities in far - reaching sea will be put into production, and the total number of marine ranches above provincial level will reach 50, striving to create a national far - reaching sea intelligent breeding demonstration zone. Efforts will be made to build a demonstration city for the construction of national marine ranches.

海中有“金山银山”，更有“绿水青山”。如今一座座“蓝色粮仓”正在加速崛起，高奏“深耕蔚蓝、向海图强”的海洋牧歌。

There are "golden mountains and silver mountains" in the sea, as well as "lucid waters and lush mountains". Nowadays, the "blue granaries" are accelerating their rise, and they are playing the oceanic idyll of "deeply ploughing the blue and becoming stronger towards the sea map".