乡村学校，如何点亮农村娃的梦想
How can rural schools ignite the dreams of rural children?
发展乡村教育，让每个乡村孩子都能接受公平、有质量的教育，是功在当代、利在千秋的大事。今年中央一号文件提出，优化区域教育资源配置，提升寄宿制学校办学条件和消防、安全等管理水平，办好必要的乡村小规模学校。今年的《政府工作报告》提出，推动义务教育优质均衡发展。本期教育版，我们聚焦几所乡村学校，看它们如何点亮农村娃的梦想。
Developing rural education to ensure every child in the countryside receives equitable, quality education is a monumental task that benefits both current and future generations. This year’s No. 1 Central Document (the annual policy blueprint issued by the Chinese government) emphasizes optimizing regional allocation of educational resources, improving teaching facilities, fire safety, and security management in boarding schools, and maintaining necessary small-scale rural schools. The Government Work Report further highlights advancing the high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education.In this edition, we spotlight several rural schools to explore how they are igniting the aspirations of children in the countryside.
——编 者
-- Editor
区域教育资源配置如何优化？
How can regional educational resource allocation be optimized?
“云”端架桥共享资源
Bridging the Cloud for Shared Resources
办学特色：通过教育数字化转型，让更多农村学生享受优质资源。
Educational Distinctiveness: Leveraging digital transformation in education to empower more rural students with access to high-quality educational resources.
宁夏吴忠市利通区金积镇，金积中心学校五年级（1）班的教室里，学生们聚精会神地看着电子黑板。屏幕另一端，银川市二十一小教师正在讲解古诗。
In a classroom of Class 1, Grade 5 at Jinji Central School, Jinji Town, Litong District, Wuzhong City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, students are gazing raptly at an interactive whiteboard. On the other side of the screen, a teacher from Yinchuan No. 21 Primary School is explaining classical Chinese poetry.
隔着屏幕，两地学生同步举手答题，画面没有丝毫延迟。“和城市的同学一起上课，大家互相启发、踊跃互动，对这首描写春天的古诗理解更深刻了。”金积中心学校学生雷梓涵眼睛亮得像星星。这样的“双师课堂”，已成为该校44个班级的日常。
Through the screen, students from both locations raise their hands to answer questions in real-time, with no visible lag. "Studying alongside urban classmates inspires us to exchange ideas and interact enthusiastically. It deepens our understanding of this ancient poem about spring," says Lei Zihan, a student at Jinji Central School, her eyes sparkling like stars. Such "dual-teacher classes" have become a daily routine across all 44 classrooms in the school.
一根网线，改变着乡村教育的图景。宁夏近年来推进“互联网+教育”示范区建设，金积中心学校作为首批试点校，建成34间互动教室，还与银川名校结成“云上对子”。
A single internet cable is transforming the landscape of rural education. In recent years, Ningxia has spearheaded the development of an "Internet Plus Education" demonstration zone. As one of the first pilot schools, Jinji Central School has equipped 34 interactive smart classrooms and partnered with prestigious schools in Yinchuan as “cloud-based sister schools” for shared digital learning.
“两地同步上课，乡村学校对接了名校优质资源，对教学帮助很大。”课后，五年级（1）班的语文老师杨芳芳轻点屏幕，打开教学回放，回顾课堂情况。数字化浪潮中，受益的除了孩子们，还有她这个数字课堂的探路者。
"The two places have classes at the same time, and rural schools have connected with the high-quality resources of famous schools, which is of great help to teaching." After class, Yang Fangfang, the Chinese teacher in Class (1) of Grade 5, tapped the screen, turned on the teaching playback and reviewed the classroom situation. In the digital wave, not only the children, but also her digital classroom pathfinder benefited."With synchronized classes across regions, our rural school gains access to the high-quality resources of prestigious urban schools. It’s transformative for teaching," says Yang Fangfang, the Chinese language teacher of Class 1, Grade 5. After class, she taps the screen to replay the lesson and reviews classroom interactions. In this wave of digitalization, the beneficiaries are not only the students but also pioneers like her—explorers navigating the frontiers of digital education.
翻开杨芳芳的备课本，上面贴着各色便签：“古诗微课链接”“生字AR演示”……通过宁夏智慧教育平台，她每月参加跨地区教研，与名师“云端”切磋。“以前外出培训机会少，现在每天都能共享名校资源。”杨芳芳说。
Leafing through Yang Fangfang's lesson planner reveals a mosaic of colorful sticky notes: "Link to micro-lesson on classical poetry," "AR demo for Chinese characters," and more. Through Ningxia's Smart Education Platform, she now participates in monthly cross-regional teaching research sessions, collaborating with master teachers via "cloud-based exchanges.""Before, we had few opportunities for off-site training. Now, we can access elite school resources every single day," Yang remarks.
城乡教师通过实时巡课、在线评课一起打磨教学，如今，金积中心学校的教师们能熟练运用智能教学工具，30余个教学案例、课程设计获得省级奖项。
Urban and rural teachers now collaboratively refine teaching methods through real-time class observations and online lesson evaluations. Today, faculty at Jinji Central School have mastered smart teaching tools, with over 30 of their instructional designs and course plans earning provincial-level awards.
在一堂“光影互动”为主题的美术课上，金积中心学校还与更偏远的马莲渠中心学校隔屏协作：
In an art class themed "Light and Shadow Interaction," Jinji Central School collaborated across screens with the more remote Malianqu Central School:
“请观察对方学校窗外的光线和影子变化。”随着老师提示，两校学生举起素描本，描绘对方学校的菱形窗格、斑驳树影。数字技术，打破了两所乡村学校的地理阻隔。
"Observe how light and shadows change outside your partner school's windows," the teacher instructed. Students from both schools immediately raised their sketchbooks, meticulously capturing the diamond-shaped window panes and dappled tree shadows of each other's campuses. Digital technology had effortlessly dissolved the geographical barriers between these two rural schools.
从“上引名校”共享优质课，到“下托村小”辐射周边教育，金积中心学校的变化正是宁夏“互联网+教育”发展成果的缩影。通过建设教育云平台、高速教育专网、互动课堂屏幕和智能研修中心，城乡学校“同上一堂课、同研一课题、同享一资源”逐步实现。
From "leveraging elite urban schools" for premium curricula to "supporting surrounding village schools" as an educational hub, Jinji Central School's transformation epitomizes the achievements of Ningxia's "Internet Plus Education" initiative.Through establishing: An educational cloud platform, A high-speed dedicated education network, Interactive smart classrooms, AI-enhanced teacher training centers. The vision of "synchronized classes, collaborative research, and shared resources between urban and rural schools" is becoming reality.
窗外柳芽萌动，教室书声琅琅。“孩子眼里有光，教师心中有‘数’，乡村教育优质资源更加丰富。”杨芳芳挥一挥写满笔记的备课本，笑意盈盈。
Beyond the windows, willow buds begin to sprout as classroom recitations echo brightly. "You can see the spark in our children's eyes, while teachers now teach with data-driven confidence—rural education has never been richer in quality resources," says Yang Fangfang, waving her well-annotated lesson planner with a radiant smile.
怎样突出乡村学校特色？
How to highlight the characteristics of rural schools?
“娃娃农场”泥土芬芳
"Little Sprouts Farm" brims with the earthy fragrance of fresh soil—a living classroom where rural students dig hands-on into agricultural science and ecological wisdom.
办学特色：让学校成为求知强能的学园、生动活泼的乐园、充满亲情的家园。
Educational Distinctiveness: Cultivating a school that isA dynamic academy for knowledge and empowermentA vibrant playground for joyful learningA nurturing home filled with warmth and belonging
三年级以上每周两节劳动课，学生在学校的动物园里学生物，在植物温室里上美术……云南曲靖宣威市靖外明德小学依托农村学校资源，着力培养德智体美劳全面发展的农村娃。
At Jingwai Mingde Primary School in Xuanwei City, Qujing, Yunnan, students in Grade 3 and above participate in two weekly labor education classes—studying biology in the school zoo and creating art in the botanical greenhouse... Leveraging rural school resources, the institution is committed to nurturing well-rounded rural children with moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic, and labor education.
春来了，学校里鲜花盛开，美术老师魏荣把学生们带到校园农场，多彩的春天跃然纸上。前不久的教研会上，校长雷应飞对老师们提出要求：上课内容与自然相关时，要带学生走出教室，到校园农场上课。
Spring has arrived, painting the campus in blooming flowers. Art teacher Wei Rong leads her students to the school farm, where the vibrant season comes alive on their sketchpads.At a recent teaching seminar, Principal Lei Yingfei emphasized a new directive: "When lessons connect to nature, take students beyond the classroom—teach where the learning lives, in our school farm."
进入三年级后，每个班级都会分到农场里的一块责任田，农作物的栽种、管理、采收，学生全程学习参与。雷应飞介绍，学校食堂所需食材绝大部分来自这150亩的劳动教育基地，不仅自给自足，还常有富余。
Upon reaching third grade, each class is assigned a designated plot in the school farm, where students participate in the entire agricultural cycle—from planting and tending crops to harvesting. Principal Lei Yingfei notes that over 90% of the cafeteria's ingredients come from this 150-acre hands-on learning site, achieving not just self-sufficiency but often producing surplus.
“劳动中形成的优秀品格，影响的是孩子的一生。”雷应飞说。
"The character forged through hands-on labor shapes children for life," says Principal Lei Yingfei.
不仅有农场，学校还向当地有关部门申请建立了动物园。梅花鹿、鸵鸟、珍珠鸡……学生们在大自然的怀抱里求知，开阔了眼界。
Beyond the farm, the school successfully petitioned local authorities to establish a campus zoo. Now home to sika deer, ostriches, and guinea fowl, the zoo immerses students in nature-based learning—expanding their horizons through direct encounters with biodiversity.
“丁零零……”下课铃响，学校运动场迅速热闹起来，孩子们汇聚在球场、跑道，仿佛一群快乐的小鹿。操场边，开放式球架上放有篮球、足球、手球、旱地冰球等，学生可以任意拿取，甚至带回家。“在我们学校，球的数量比学生的数量还多。”雷应飞打趣道。
"Ding-ling-ling..." The school bell rings, and the playground erupts into lively activity. Children flock to the courts and running tracks like a herd of joyful fawns. Along the edges, open racks brim with basketballs, soccer balls, handballs, and even floor hockey gear—all freely available for students to borrow, even take home."At our school, we’ve got more sports balls than students!" Principal Lei Yingfei jokes.
为保障孩子们有充足的放松时间，学校把课间时间改为17分钟，还引入“全员体育老师”制度，要求各科教师参加学校统一培训，掌握一门运动技能。校园里，经常能看到数学老师在课外活动时间教打球，英语老师在带晨跑……动起来，跑起来，促进了师生间的交流互动，增强了班级凝聚力。
To ensure ample relaxation time, the school has extended recess to 17 minutes and implemented an "all-staff PE teachers" initiative. Under this program, every educator—regardless of subject specialty—receives unified training to master at least one sport.Now, it’s common to see:Math teachers coaching basketball during activity periodsEnglish teachers leading morning runsScience instructors organizing relay racesThis "move together, sweat together" approach has:✓ Deepened teacher-student bonds✓ Strengthened class cohesion through shared physical challenges
“干农活能学到什么？”“会不会影响学习？”一开始，也曾有人提出担心和质疑。雷应飞说，看教学质量，靖外明德小学在当地乡镇小学中口碑不错；比体育运动，学校篮球、足球项目均在省级以上比赛中夺得过冠军。一段时间后，疑虑也就消散了。
"Will farm work actually teach them anything?" "Could it hurt their academic performance?" Initially, some voiced doubts. But Principal Lei Yingfei had data to counter concerns:Academic Credentials: Jingwai Mingde Primary outperforms peers in local township schools.Athletic Prowess: The school’s basketball and soccer teams have clinched provincial-level championships.Within months, skepticism faded—replaced by visible results.
“看，我们的孩子们一点也不胆怯，很愿意展示自己，很有自己的想法和抱负。”在雷应飞看来，只在教室里，闻不到鲜花绽放的清香、触不到摇曳的树叶。走到乡间，走进生活，孩子们才会知道跌倒的疼痛、成功的喜悦、汗水背后的坚持、果实成熟的快乐，以及自己的无限可能。
"Look—our children aren’t timid at all. They’re eager to express themselves, full of ideas and aspirations," observes Principal Lei Yingfei. To him, confined classrooms can’t replicate the scent of blooming flowers or the touch of rustling leaves.Only by stepping into the countryside and engaging with life do children truly learn:The sting of fallingThe thrill of successThe grit behind sweatThe joy of ripening harvestsAnd their own boundless potential
寄宿制学校如何办好？
How to run a boarding school?
学校如家呵护成长
School should care for children's growth like a family.
办学特色：耐心呵护农村孩子，为他们指引成长的方向。
Educational Distinctiveness: Nurturing rural children with patience and guiding their growth.
到镇里，要10公里；去市里，要36公里。河南邓州市十林镇的河北小学是一所偏远的农村小学。
Located 10 kilometers from the nearest town and 36 kilometers from the city, Hebei Primary School in Shilin Town, Dengzhou City, Henan Province, stands as a remote rural institution.
“学校有246名学生，其中有不少留守儿童。我们针对这一特点，优化教育方式。”校长李新伟说。
"Our school has 246 students, many of whom are left-behind children. We’ve tailored our teaching methods to meet their unique needs," explains Principal Li Xinwei.
一些学生家长平常不在孩子身边陪伴，如何帮助孩子养成好习惯？老师们制定了“养成教育十五条”，从文明礼仪到卫生整理，从读书写字到就餐入寝，都进行耐心指导，引导孩子们在潜移默化中养成终身受益的好习惯。吃饭时，自觉排队打饭；宿舍里，被褥整整齐齐；遇到老师和参观者，主动问好……学校里，懂礼仪的学生成为美丽的风景线。
"With many parents absent due to migrant work, how can children develop good habits? The teachers created '15 Habit-Forming Guidelines'—meticulously guiding students on everything from etiquette to hygiene, reading posture to dining routines—cultivating lifelong behaviors through daily practice."Visible Results:Dining Hall: Students queue consciously for mealsDormitories: Neatly folded quilts in military precisionCampus Encounters: Unprompted greetings to teachers/visitorsThese polite students have become the school’s living masterpiece.
部分学生家中书籍较少，如何让孩子们爱读书、读好书、善读书？教学楼前，一场阅读分享会正在进行。在老师指导下，学生们共同阅读了《爱的教育》，分享书中的暖心故事。
"With limited books at home, how can we inspire children to love reading, read quality books, and read effectively?"In front of the school building, a reading-sharing session is in full swing. Guided by their teacher, students collectively read "Cuore" (The Heart of a Child) and shared heartwarming stories from the book.
李新伟介绍，学校通过“共读一本书”、晨读、午诵等活动，让爱读书的种子在孩子心中生根发芽。与此同时，营造良好校园文化氛围，漫步校园，处处有书香。
Principal Li Xinwei explains, "Through initiatives like ‘One Book, One School,’ morning readings, and lunchtime poetry recitals, we plant the seeds of a lifelong love for reading in our students."The school has cultivated a culture of literacy—walk through the campus, and you’ll find "the aroma of books" in every corner.
“只会读书还不够。”李新伟说，“我们还注重培养孩子们的劳动精神，让他们养成爱劳动的好习惯。”学校开齐开足劳动教育课程，引导学生掌握必要的劳动技能，既帮助父母分担家务，也增强责任意识。
"But reading alone isn’t enough," Li adds. "We’re equally committed to fostering a strong work ethic, helping children develop a habit of embracing labor."The school offers a full slate of hands-on labor education, teaching practical skills that:✓ Ease household burdens for busy parents✓ Instill responsibility through real-world tasks
周末，跟着五年级学生赵庭回家看看。一进厨房，他熟练地切菜、炒菜。不一会儿，一道番茄炒蛋就做好了。“以前觉得做饭很难，劳动课上，老师教我们烹饪技能，现在我能做好几道菜了！”赵庭自信地说。
Weekend at Zhao Ting’s Home – A 5th Grader’s Kitchen MasteryThe moment he steps into the kitchen, Zhao Ting springs into action—dicing vegetables with practiced ease, stir-frying confidently. In minutes, a steaming plate of scrambled eggs with tomatoes lands on the table."I used to think cooking was so hard," he grins. "But our labor classes taught me real skills—now I can make multiple dishes!"
家校共育，有助于学生健康成长。为加强家庭教育指导服务，帮助家长了解学生在校表现，河北小学每月召开“云上”家长会，班主任通过视频展示学生在校表现，分享科学教育理念。线下，则不定期举办“爷爷奶奶课堂”、家庭教育公益讲座，用案例讲解心理健康等方面知识。“我们希望让家长明白，教育孩子不是只管吃饱就好，更要注重身心健康、全面发展。”李新伟说。
Home-School Collaboration: Nurturing Holistic GrowthTo strengthen family education guidance, Hebei Primary School holds monthly virtual parent-teacher meetings, where homeroom teachers share students’ progress via video and discuss evidence-based parenting approaches. Offline initiatives include:"Grandparents’ Workshops" – Addressing generational parenting gapsFamily Education Seminars – Using case studies to teach mental health literacy"We want parents to understand that child-rearing isn’t just about providing meals, but fostering physical and emotional well-being," says Principal Li Xinwei.
天色渐晚，离开河北小学时，老师们准备照料孩子们回宿舍休息。灯光亮起，乡村教师们坚守的身影格外动人。
As dusk falls, teachers prepare students for dormitory routines. Under the glowing lights, their steadfast dedication paints a poignant portrait of rural educators’ commitment.
怎样拓宽学生视野？
How to broaden students' horizons?
少年宫建在校园里
The Children's Palace is built on campus
办学特色：丰富课后服务内容，拓宽孩子们创新创造的视野。
Educational Distinctiveness: Expanding after-school programs to broaden children’s innovative horizons.
“同学们，上节课我们通过3D打印和激光切割的方式，制作出微缩版电梯模型和电动车模型。今天我们的目标是——让电梯摄像头更聪明，自动识别并拒绝电动车进入。”科创老师高峰的开场白，一下子引起孩子们的兴趣。
"Last class, we used 3D printing and laser cutting to build miniature elevator and electric bike models. Today’s challenge? Let’s upgrade the elevator camera to intelligently detect and block e-bikes!" With this opening, Mr. Gao Feng, the STEM teacher, instantly captures his students’ curiosity.
这里是江苏高邮市秦邮实验小学乡村少年宫的“创客空间”，30多名学生围坐一起，参加课后科创社团活动。
This is the "Maker Space" at Qinyou Experimental Primary School’s rural youth center in Gaoyou, Jiangsu. Thirty students gather for their after-school innovation club, immersed in hands-on problem-solving.
“哪位同学来给摄像头编写程序？”高峰说。
"Which student will write the program for the camera?" Gao Feng said.
“我来！”六年级（8）班的陈袁森举起手。
"Me！" Chen Yuansen from Class 8, Grade 6, raised his hand.
师生一起将AI摄像头连接电脑，输入一段“物体识别”程序指令，启动“学习”按钮，并将电动车照片逐一放在摄像头前面。
Teachers and students worked together to connect an AI camera to a computer, input an "object recognition" program command, activate the "learning" button, and sequentially present photos of electric bicycles to the camera.
见证奇迹的时刻！程序编好后，摄像头迅速识别出电动车的形象：电梯模型上的传感器收到指令、拒绝开门，LED灯不断闪烁、发出警报。
The moment of wonder arrived! Once programmed, the camera promptly recognized the e-bike's form: the elevator model's sensor received the command and refused to open, while LED lights flashed repeatedly with audible alarms.
“太神奇了！”实验很成功，孩子们开心极了。
"Amazing!" The experiment was successful and the children were very happy.
据介绍，2012年起，高邮市开展乡村小学少年宫建设，着力丰富课后服务内容、拓宽孩子视野。
According to reports, since 2012, Gaoyou City has been developing youth centers in rural elementary schools, aiming to enrich after-school programs and broaden children's horizons.
学校里的少年宫，可不是兴趣小组简单“扩容”。一方面，课程丰富多元，以秦邮实验小学为例，不仅有合唱、舞蹈等传统项目，还增设了彰显乡土特色的扬剧、秸秆画课程，以及前沿的科创课程等。另一方面，少年宫拥有专属空间，“创客空间”里有电脑桌、地图桌等，满足不同项目的学习需求。
The youth centers in schools are far more than just expanded versions of interest groups. On one hand, they offer a rich and diverse curriculum. Take Qinyou Experimental Primary School as an example: in addition to traditional programs like choir and dance, they have added courses showcasing local cultural characteristics such as Yangzhou opera and straw art, as well as cutting-edge STEM programs. On the other hand, these youth centers have dedicated spaces, including maker spaces equipped with computer workstations and mapping tables to meet the learning needs of different projects.
少年宫的活动内容从哪里来？高峰说，在日常的信息科技课堂上，他主要聚焦具体知识点的教学，而“切换”到少年宫科创社团，则更多聚焦生活中的实际问题，例如防止电动车进入电梯有哪些可行办法、楼道拐角处怎样避免碰撞等。学生们细心观察生活，再和老师一同探索创新。
Where do the youth center’s activities come from? Gao Feng explains that in daily information technology classes, he primarily focuses on teaching specific knowledge points. But when he "switches" to the youth center’s STEM club, the emphasis shifts to real-life problems—such as exploring feasible ways to prevent e-bikes from entering elevators or how to avoid collisions in hallway corners. Students carefully observe life’s details and then work with teachers to innovate.
“我们的少年宫不比城区的差。”秦邮实验小学校长谭大坤介绍，硬件上，激光切割机床等设备逐步配齐；师资方面，老师们多次参加教育系统及科协的培训，还邀请高校教师、非遗代表性传承人等共同指导学生。
"Our youth centers are no worse than those in urban areas," says Tan Dakun, principal of Qinyou Experimental Primary School. In terms of hardware, equipment like laser cutting machines has been gradually introduced. For teaching expertise, educators have undergone multiple training sessions organized by the education system and science associations, while university professors and intangible cultural heritage inheritors have also been invited to co-guide students.
“乡村小学少年宫建设有助于补齐乡村教育短板，培育具有文化底蕴和创新能力的时代新人。”高邮市教育体育局副局长姚国平介绍，围绕“全域覆盖、精准育人”，全市的乡村小学少年宫构建起“一宫一品”格局，形成“专职教师+高校志愿者+民间艺人”联动机制，累计600多名校内教师参与其中，覆盖学生2万人。
"The development of youth centers in rural primary schools helps address gaps in rural education and nurtures a new generation with cultural literacy and innovative capabilities," explains Yao Guoping, deputy director of Gaoyou’s Education and Sports Bureau. Centered on the principle of "full coverage and targeted education," the city’s rural youth centers have established a "one-center, one specialty" framework, supported by a collaborative mechanism of "full-time teachers + university volunteers + folk artisans." To date, over 600 teachers have participated, benefiting 20,000 students.
