美石油协会总裁：美能源企业不要对关税反应过度

President of American Petroleum Institute: U.S. energy companies should not overreact to tariffs

3月11日，美国石油协会（API）总裁兼首席执行官迈克·萨默斯在剑桥能源周活动中表示，能源企业无需对特朗普政府关税威胁的头条新闻反应过度。他指出，特朗普正在将关税作为一种谈判策略，同时推动美国政策进行急需的变革。

On March 11, Mike Summers, president and CEO of the American Petroleum Institute (API), said at the Cambridge Energy Week event that energy companies need not overreact to the headlines of the Trump administration's tariff threat. He noted that Trump is using tariffs as a negotiating tactic while pushing for much-needed changes in U.S. policy.

萨默斯表示：“我希望大家不要对过去12小时的情况反应过度。”当天，加拿大安大略省宣布对出口美国的电力征收关税，以回应美国计划加征关税的举措。此前，特朗普政府曾宣布从3月12日起将加拿大钢铁和铝产品的进口关税从25%提高到50%，但随后双方均改变了态度，推迟了关税的实施。

"I hope people don't overreact to what happened in the last 12 hours," Summers said. On the same day, Ontario, Canada announced tariffs on electricity exported to the United States in response to the planned tariff increase by the United States. Earlier, the Trump administration announced that it would increase import tariffs on Canadian steel and aluminum products from 25% to 50% from March 12, but then both sides changed their attitudes and postponed the implementation of tariffs.

萨默斯强调：“我们所有人都必须为这种混乱的政策行动做好准备。我们选出了一个‘破坏者’，但事实上，确实有许多问题需要被打破，尤其是在能源领域，因为长期以来我们的能源政策存在错误。”

Summers stressed: "All of us must be prepared for this chaotic policy action. We elected a 'spoiler,' but the truth is, there are a lot of problems that need to be broken, especially in the energy sector, because our energy policy has been wrong for a long time."

美国天然气协会总裁兼首席执行官卡伦·哈伯特表示，能源企业已经提出了在关税问题上应区别对待能源贸易的理由。哈伯特指出：“特朗普曾计划对加拿大所有产品征收25%的关税，但能源关税最终降至0%，因为美墨加贸易协定（USMCA）涵盖了能源贸易。”

Karen Harbert, president and CEO of the American Natural Gas Association, said energy companies have made a case for treating energy trade differently on tariffs. Harbert pointed out: "Trump had planned to impose a 25% tariff on all Canadian products, but the energy tariff was eventually reduced to 0% because the USMCA covers energy trade."

在讨论美国能源政策未来发展方向时，与会嘉宾一致认为，从石油、天然气到可再生能源和核能，所有能源领域都需要进行改革。

In discussing the future direction of U.S. energy policy, panelists agreed that reforms are needed in all energy sectors, from oil and gas to renewable energy and nuclear power.

美国核能研究所总裁兼首席执行官玛丽亚·科斯尼克表示，核设施的环境许可程序过于复杂。她指出：“对于一个已经运行多年的核电站来说，更新许可证以继续运营所需的环境许可时间比安全分析时间要长得多。监管机构表示，不可能在不到18个月的时间内完成这一过程。但核电站已经存在了50年，实际安全分析并不需要那么长时间。我们需要重新规划，确保这些程序能够更高效地进行。”

Maria Kosnick, president and CEO of the Nuclear Energy Institute, said the environmental licensing process for nuclear facilities was too complex. "For a plant that has been operating for many years, the environmental clearance time required to renew the license to continue operation is much longer than the safety analysis time," she noted. Regulators say it is impossible to complete the process in less than 18 months. But nuclear power plants have been around for 50 years, and actual safety analysis doesn't take that long. We need to re-engineer to make sure these processes are run more efficiently."

许可证更新的问题不仅对核能行业至关重要，对油气企业也同样关键。萨默斯强调了许可证改革的重要性，但对国会能否通过相关改革表示怀疑。他表示，2025年的政策可能会通过行政命令、各机构或国会的和解程序来实现，但这些过程本身充满了党派之争。萨默斯指出：“我认为，短期内能够获得的最好的许可证改革实际上将来自监管机构。”

The issue of license renewal is critical not only for the nuclear industry, but also for oil and gas companies. Summers stressed the importance of licensing reform, but expressed doubt that Congress would pass it. He said the 2025 policy may be achieved through executive orders, agencies or reconciliation processes in Congress, but those processes themselves are fraught with partisanship. "I think the best licensing reform that can be obtained in the short term will actually come from regulators," Summers noted.

美国清洁能源协会首席执行官杰森·格鲁梅特表示，能源企业将不得不在立法过程中扮演新的角色。他指出：“过去国会运作时，我们可以提出自己的诉求，并指望国会通过委员会程序协调各方利益，最终制定出符合国家利益的政策。但现在国会在这方面已经不再擅长，给行业带来了很大负担。企业实际上成为了系统中的压舱石，以防止摇摆不定的政治使政策偏离国家利益。”

Jason Grumet, CEO of the American Clean Energy Association, said energy companies will have to play a new role in the legislative process. He said: "In the past, when Congress was functioning, we could make our own claims and expect Congress to coordinate the interests of all parties through the committee process and ultimately formulate policies that were in the national interest." But now Congress is no longer good at this, putting a big burden on the industry. Corporations have effectively become ballast stones in the system to prevent wavering politics from diverting policy away from the national interest."

格鲁梅特还表示，展望未来，能源需求低迷导致的低价对行业非常危险，可能使政府忽视企业的诉求，转而进入能源实用主义状态。他指出：“我认为，如果我们看到能源价格朝着错误的方向发展，将很快看到两党合作转向能源实用主义。”

Grumet also said that looking ahead, low prices caused by low energy demand are very dangerous for the industry and may cause the government to ignore the demands of enterprises and turn into energy pragmatism. "I think if we see energy prices moving in the wrong direction, we'll soon see a bipartisan shift toward energy pragmatism," he noted.