担心5G通信影响飞机安全？美航司纷纷制定措施应对航空限制

Worried about 5G Communication Affecting Aircraft Safety? US Airlines Formulates Measures to Deal with Aviation Restrictions

美国《华尔街日报》网站近日报道称，在国际5G技术竞争中，美国多家航空公司着手为飞行限制做好准备。

The Wall Street Journal website recently reported that in the international 5G technology competition, a number of AIRLINES in the United States are preparing for flight restrictions.

报道称，业内官员说，在美国监管机构考虑有关保护飞机免受即将于明年初推出的第5代新型蜂窝技术（5G）影响的有分歧的提案之际，航空公司已经开始为可能出现的航班停飞做准备。

According to the report, industry officials say airlines have begun to prepare for possible flights to stop flying as U.S. regulators consider divisive proposals to protect planes from the 5th generation of new cellular technology (5G), which is due to roll out early next year.

官员们说，早期规划包括在不知道哪里需要实施飞行限制的情况下制定应急计划，监管机构在分析基站和飞机的数据。本月早些时候出台了一项监管规定，概述了限制航班在恶劣天气和其它低能见度条件下在美国全国最大的46个大城市降落，预计从1月5日起将在这些地区推出5G服务。

Officials said early planning included making contingency plans without knowing where flight restrictions would be needed, while regulators analyzed data from base stations and aircraft. A regulation outlined earlier this month restricts flights landing in bad weather and other low visibility conditions in the nation's 46 largest metropolitan areas, where 5G service is expected to be rolled out from January 5.

尽管该无线行业坚称，拟议中的无线服务不会对飞机构成威胁，但美国联邦航空局表示，它担心蜂窝信号可能对驾驶舱安全系统产生影响。

While the wireless industry insists the proposed wireless service does not pose a threat to aircraft, the FAA says it is concerned about the impact cellular signals could have on cockpit security systems.

航空公司高管们正身陷这场争端之中。美国联合航空控股公司首席执行官斯科特·柯比12月15日对记者说：“如果天气不佳，有强风，或因雾霾造成能见度低，不就能使用雷达高度计。就无法在芝加哥奥黑尔机场、亚特兰大和底特律等大型机场降落。试想一下这意味着什么，我们不能让这样的情况发生。”

Airline executives are embroiled in the dispute. Scott Kirby, chief executive of United Airlines Holdings, told reporters Dec. 15: "If the weather is bad, there's strong winds, or low visibility due to haze, you can't use a radar altimeter. You can't use a radar altimeter in Chicago. Landings at big airports like O'Hare, Atlanta and Detroit. Just imagine what that means, we can't let that happen."

大约1年前，美国联邦通信委员会拍卖了5G友好频段（也被称为C频段）的部分频谱。拍卖的前三甲美国电话电报移动通信公司（AT&T）德国电信公司美国分公司（T-Mobile）和威瑞森电信公司获准从本月初开始提供一些速度更快的蜂窝服务，但为了解决联邦航空局仍未解决的担忧，这些公司将其推出时间推迟到了1月5日。这3家公司还承诺将把C波段信号功率降低半年，尤其是在机场跑道附近。

About a year ago, the FCC auctioned off some spectrum in the 5G-friendly band, also known as the C-band. The top three in the auction, AT&T, T-Mobile, and Verizon, were approved to offer some faster cellular service from earlier this month, but the FAA has been struggling to resolve the issue. Concerns remain unresolved, and the companies delayed its launch until January 5. The three companies also pledged to reduce the power of C-band signals for half a year, especially near airport runways.

飞行限制可能使美国航空业的复苏复杂化。国内游反弹，航空公司寄希望于2022年夏天国际航班需求激增。尽管一些航空公司可能因波音公司推迟交付其787梦想客机而削减航班计划，但柯比12月15日在参议院听证会上说可能实施的5G限制是“我们面临的最大也是最具破坏性的潜在问题”。

Flight restrictions could complicate the recovery of the U.S. airline industry. As domestic travel rebounds, airlines are banking on a surge in demand for international flights in summer 2022. While some airlines may cut back on flight plans because of Boeing's delays in delivering its 787 Dreamliner, Kirby told a Senate hearing Dec. 15 that the possible 5G restrictions are "the biggest and most damaging potential issue we face."

美国电信业官员对这项新技术存在安全风险的说法提出了质疑。无线行业组织CTIA的发言人尼克·勒德勒姆说：“对航空业的危言耸听完全是凭借不可靠的信息和对事实的故意歪曲。我们将在明年1月推出这一服务，它有着全世界范围最广泛的保护措施。”

U.S. telecom industry officials have disputed the idea that the new technology poses a security risk. Nick Ludlum, spokesman for CTIA, the wireless industry group, said: "Alarmism about the airline industry is based on unreliable information and willful misrepresentations of facts. We will launch this service in January with the most extensive protection in the world."

监管机构对美国航空业和电信业为限制机场附近的新5G信号提出的有分歧的提案也意见不一。知情人士说，在有美国交通部长皮特·布蒂吉格和美国联邦通信委员会主席杰茜卡·罗森沃塞尔出席的高级别会议上，官员们讨论了两个行业提出的在机场周边设立缓冲区的提案。

Regulators are also at odds over divisive proposals from the U.S. aviation and telecommunications industries to limit new 5G signals near airports. In a high-level meeting attended by U.S. Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg and Federal Communications Commission Chairwoman Jessica Rosenworcel, officials discussed two industry proposals to create buffer zones around airports, people familiar with the matter said.

其中一些人说，布蒂吉格要求美联邦通信委员会考虑航空业的提案。另一位知情人士说，联邦通信委员会官员称这一提案不可行，相当于放弃了5G。

Some of them said Buttigieg asked the FCC to consider the airline industry's proposal. FCC officials have called the proposal unworkable and tantamount to abandoning 5G, another person familiar with the matter said.

美联邦通信委员会的罗森沃塞尔说，她认为官员们会找到一个解决方案，以便迅速且安全地部署5G。她在12月14日的新闻发布会上说：“我对无线行业提出的折衷措施充满信心。”

The FCC's Ms. Rosenworcel said she thought officials would find a solution to quickly and securely deploy 5G. "I have full confidence in the compromises that the wireless industry has proposed," she said at a Dec. 14 news conference.

美联邦航空局发言人说，监管机构将继续与其它联邦机构和无线公司合作，以便使“5GC波段和航空能够安全共存”。

An FAA spokesman said regulators will continue to work with other federal agencies and wireless companies so that 'the 5GC band and aviation can safely co-exist.'

业内官员说，在演练各种方案的同时，航空公司正在等待美联邦航空局关于从1月5日起开始实施的限制的具体细节。知情人士说，预计美国联邦航空局将在该日期的前一周前发布飞行员警告，具体说明哪些机场将受到限制。

While rehearsing various scenarios, airlines are awaiting specific details from the FAA on restrictions that will be in place starting Jan. 5, industry officials said. The FAA is expected to issue a warning to pilots a week before that date specifying which airports will be restricted, the people said.

美国航空运输协会负责技术服务的副主席乔治·保罗说，尽管存在未知因素，但航空公司仍在评估取消或改道对燃料、飞机和机组人员的需求可能意味着什么。

Despite the unknowns, airlines are still assessing what cancellations or diroutes might mean for fuel, aircraft and crew needs, said George Paul, ata's vice president of technical services.

保罗说：“这就像一场严重的飓风——你不知道它可能会出现在哪里，直到它离得已经很近。”

Paul said: "It's like a serious hurricane-you don't know where it may appear until it is very close."

航空公司也在向航空航天制造商寻求指导。知情人士说，有时会提出自己的安全建议的波音公司正在评估联邦航空局没有解决的潜在风险。据其中一人说，波音公司工程师一直在研究与起飞和飞行员对可能出现的5G干扰的反应有关的问题。

Airlines are also looking to aerospace manufacturers for guidance. Boeing, which sometimes makes its own safety recommendations, is reviewing potential risks that the FAA hasn't addressed, people familiar with the matter said. Boeing engineers have been studying issues related to takeoffs and pilots' reactions to possible 5G interference, according to one of the people.

欧洲飞机制造商空中客车公司说，它正在与其监管机构和联邦航空局合作，为航空公司提供指导。一位知情人士说，与联邦航空局相对应的欧洲航空安全局对5G问题的关切不像美国监管机构那么高，但该机构注意到了未经证实的有关5G干扰的报道，正在对感到担忧的航空公司进行调查。

European aircraft maker Airbus says it is working with its regulators and the FAA to provide guidance to airlines. The European Aviation Safety Agency, the FAA's counterpart, isn't as concerned about 5G as U.S. regulators, but it is aware of unconfirmed reports of 5G interference and is investigating airlines that are concerned, a person familiar with the matter said.

美国飞行限制的范围预计很大程度上将取决于机场周围的5G缓冲区。这些拟议中的保护措施包括减少5G信号的强度以及对指向某些方向的天线的限制，以避免对飞机雷达高度计的潜在干扰。

The extent of U.S. flight restrictions is expected to depend largely on the 5G buffer zone around airports. The proposed protections include reducing the strength of 5G signals and restrictions on antennas pointing in certain directions to avoid potential interference with aircraft radar altimeters.

知情人士说，美国联邦航空局的初步分析发现，航空业的提议很可能会避免美国空中交通受到严重干扰。这些人说，该机构对电信行业提议的早期分析显示，这可能导致在恶劣天气下出现大规模航班取消和改道。

A preliminary analysis by the FAA found that the industry's proposal would likely avoid severe disruption to U.S. air traffic, people familiar with the matter said. The agency's early analysis of telecom industry proposals suggested it could lead to large-scale flight cancellations and diversions in severe weather, these people said.

据一名参与争端调解的白宫高级官员说，美联邦航空局还有可能确定某些雷达高度计不存在受干扰的风险，从而使配备这些高度计的飞机免于受到任何飞行限制。

The F.A.A. could also determine that certain radar altimeters aren't at risk of interference, freeing aircraft equipped with them from any flight restrictions, according to a senior White House official involved in the dispute's mediation.

更大的机场缓冲区将使得为C频段牌照花费810亿美元的无线运营商无法满足它们所服务的一些人口稠密城市的很多客户的需求。

A bigger airport buffer zone would leave wireless carriers, which paid $81 billion for C-band licenses, unable to meet the needs of many customers in some of the densely populated cities they serve.

在最近的参议院听证会上，达美航空公司的运营主管约翰·劳特说：“对飞机和航空的安全担忧是非常现实的，我也知道会有解决办法的。”（来源：参考消息网）

"The safety concerns about airplanes and aviation are very real, and I know there will be a solution," Delta Air Lines chief of Operations John Routt said at a recent Senate hearing. (Source: cankaoxiaoxi.com)