空铁联运视野下的安检互认策略研究

The Resarch of Mutual Recognition Strategy for Security Inspection in Air-Rail Intermodal Transport

摘要：“航空+高铁”融合发展是践行交通强国战略，打造现代综合交通体系的关键抓手。打造以机场为核心的综合交通枢纽对于充分发挥机场区域经济发展“动力源”作用意义重大。在此发展背景下，加快推动空铁联运建设，有助于提升城市经济辐射能级，大力服务区域经济发展。实施安检互认是实现空铁联运高质量发展的核心环节和关键支撑，本文通过对推动安检互认的重要意义、实施路径、寻求突破点等方面提出政策建议。

The integrated development of "aviation + high-speed rail" is crucial for implementing the transportation strengthening-nation strategy and building a modern comprehensive transportation system. Constructing a comprehensive transportation hub centered at airports is significantly important for fully utilizing airports' role as the "power source" for regional economic development. Against this backdrop, accelerating air-rail intermodal transport construction can enhance the urban economy's radiation capability and strongly support regional economic development. The implementation of mutual recognition of security inspection is the core link and key support for achieving high-quality development of air - rail intermodal transport. This article proposes policy suggestions on the significance, implementation path, and breakthrough points of promoting mutual recognition of security inspection.

一、推动安检互认的重要意义

1. The significance of promoting mutual recognition of security inspections

（一）实施安检互认是加快空铁联运深度融合的重要引擎

1. The implementation of mutual recognition of security inspections serves as a powerful catalyst for accelerating the deep integration of air-rail intermodal transport.

2017年，交通运输部发布《关于加快推进旅客联程运输发展的指导意见》指出：“鼓励各种运输方式共建共享售票、取票、乘降、驻车换乘（P+R）等联运设施设备。鼓励枢纽站场设置封闭、连续的联运旅客换乘通道，并通过跨方式安检标准互认，在保证运输安全的前提下，减少旅客换乘过程中的重复安检。”【1】当前，覆盖中国大部分交通运输的两大主体是中长线的航空运输和中短线的高铁，实现空铁联运，将是有力提升中国公共交通动能、运能、势能、效能高质量发展的重要途径。

In 2017, the Ministry of Transport released the "Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Passenger Intermodal Transportation," which noted: "All transport modes are encouraged to jointly build and share intermodal facilities and equipment for ticket sales, collection, boarding, parking, and transfer (P + R). It is advocated to establish enclosed and continuous passenger transfer channels at hub stations and recognize security inspection standards across modes to minimize repeated checks while ensuring transport safety." [1] Currently, in China's transportation system, medium and long-distance air transport and short-distance high-speed rail are the two main components. Achieving air-rail intermodal transport is crucial for enhancing the development quality of China's public transportation in terms of kinetic energy, capacity, potential, and efficiency.

空铁联运建设是一个庞大的系统工程，既需要具备联运外在的“硬联网”--旅客联程运输系统，包括建设运营管理子系统（联程运输规划、联程运输组织、运输管理机制等），实现“空间联运”；建设运输资源子系统（各运输方式线路及设备、换乘节点及设备等），实现“时间联运”；建设信息技术子系统（各运输行业间互换信息、各运输行业与旅客互换信息等），实现“信息联运”；建设服务对象子系统（各行业间对创新联运客票及服务产品、非正常联运下的承运人责任划分、旅客权益保障等），实现“服务联运”；建设管理对象子系统（各行业间对内部工作人员和旅客的管理），实现“管理联运”；还要需要具备内在的“软链接”--换乘安检互认，实现“安全联运”，进而最终实现“一票到底”“一站直达”“一检到底”。

The construction of air-rail intermodal transport is a complex and large-scale systematic project. Externally, it requires the establishment of a "hard networking" passenger intermodal transport system. This system encompasses several key subsystems: the construction and operation management subsystem (encompassing intermodal transport planning, organization, and transportation management mechanisms, etc.) to achieve "spatial intermodal transport," the transportation resource subsystem (comprising lines and equipment of various transport modes, transfer nodes and facilities, etc.) to realize "temporal intermodal transport," the information technology subsystem (facilitating information exchange among transport industries and between these industries and passengers) to achieve "information intermodal transport," the service object subsystem (involving the division of innovative intermodal tickets and service products among industries, clarification of carrier responsibilities under abnormal conditions, and protection of passenger rights) to realize "service intermodal transport," and the management object subsystem (managing internal staff and passengers within each industry) to achieve "management intermodal transport." Internally, it necessitates a "soft connection" through mutual recognition of transfer security checks to realize "secure intermodal transport." Ultimately, the goal is to achieve seamless travel experiences such as "one ticket to the end," "one-stop direct access," and "one inspection to the end."

目前，我国开展空铁联运服务有三十余个机场，有一部分是由机场提供服务，有一部分是由航司提供，还有一部分是由航司、机场、地方政府、铁路部门、第三方平台等主体联合提供。这当中有部分机场设置了高铁站，有部分机场与高铁之间通过城市轨道交通线路或摆渡车实现间接接驳，还有一部分机场在建机场高铁站。【2】不管是直连方式还是间接接驳方式，“硬联网”仍在逐步建设当中，尚处空铁联运发展的初级阶段。待“硬联网”逐步完善并推动安检互认“软支撑”后，将有助发挥空铁联运三个层面的效益最大化。一是对旅客而言，实现徒手轻松旅行，减少多次换乘中重复安检，减少通关时间，出行更便捷，体验更舒适；二是对城市交通而言，更利于在繁忙时段疏导人流，减轻的客流压力，降下人群聚集可能带来的安全风险；三是对运输行业而言，铁路与航空企业可减少相应的安检员，减轻企业运营成本，减少社会公共资源的支出和浪费，实现轨道运输与航空业双赢。

Currently, over 30 Chinese airports offer air-rail intermodal transport services. The service providers vary: some are airport - run, others airline-run, and still others are jointly run by airlines, airports, local governments, railway departments, and third-party platforms. Connection modes also differ: some airports have on-site high-speed railway stations, some are indirectly connected to high-speed rail via urban rail transit or car ferries, and some are building high-speed railway stations. [2] Regardless of direct or indirect connections, the "hard networking" is still being incrementally built, and air-rail combined transport is in its early development stage. As "hard networking" improves and "soft support" like mutual security check recognition is enhanced, the three-tier benefits of air-rail intermodal transport will be maximized:For passengers, it means hassle-free travel with fewer repeated security checks, shorter clearance times, and a more convenient, comfortable experience.For urban traffic, it helps divert peak-hour crowds, ease passenger flow pressure, and reduce safety risks from congestion.For the transport industry, railway and aviation companies can cut security staff, lower operating costs, and reduce waste of social public resources, achieving a win-win between rail and air transport.

（二）实施安检互认是满足空铁联运高质量发展的核心支撑

(2) The implementation of mutual security check recognition is essential for the high-quality development of air-rail intermodal transport.

2021年，根据交通运输部办公厅发布的《联运旅客换乘流程优化工作的通知》指出：力争“十四五”时期在部分具备条件的综合客运枢纽实现空铁（轨）联运旅客换乘流程优化，更好满足人民群众日益增长的美好出行需求。推动全封闭免安检换乘通道改造和建设。”【3】目前我国空铁联运发展尚未开通安检互认服务，航空与高铁“两站一检”尚处于概念阶段。在国家大力发展综合交通一体化的进程中，推动安检互认是满足空铁联运高质量发展的核心支撑，民航在安检互认方面发挥“主动融合、积极牵引”大有可为。民航安检在交通运输业享有安全系数最高、检查标准最严、查堵范围最广、采取措施最严的声誉，是公共交通中最有力的安全保障机构。可依托其使用的先进技术、先进设备、掌握庞大旅客信息优势，助力国家全面构建“大交通”“大安全”“大网络”格局，建立“适应大运行、推进大协同、共建大数据”的工作机制，借助信息化、数字化新技术在交通系统内进行安保技术跨界服务。通过系统建设一体化的旅客信息平台、运行信息系统和应急指挥系统，对旅客赋予“数字身份”，打造统一的旅客安全大数据底座，实现跨行业数据交互共享，构筑全面感知的安全网络，推动在高铁、地铁、火车站、港口、口岸等领域进行核心技术与管理的跨界输出与运用，为实施安检互认夯实安全基础。

In 2021, the General Office of the Ministry of Transport released the "Notice on Optimization of Intermodal Passenger Transfer Process." It states that during the 14th Five - Year Plan period, some qualified comprehensive passenger transport hubs will strive to realize the air-rail (rail) intermodal passenger transfer process, optimize it to better meet the people's growing needs for better travel, and promote the renovation and construction of fully enclosed security - free transfer channels.[3] Currently, China's air-rail intermodal transport hasn't launched mutual security check recognition services yet. The "two stations and one check" between aviation and high-speed rail is still conceptual. As the country vigorously develops comprehensive transport integration, promoting mutual security check recognition is crucial for the high - quality development of air-rail intermodal transport. Civil aviation can actively integrate and take the lead in this regard.Civil aviation security check is renowned in the transport industry for its top safety factor, strict inspection standards, wide congestion-check range, and strict measures. It's the strongest security force in public transport. With advanced technology, equipment, and access to massive passenger information, civil aviation security check can help build an all round "mega transport", "mega security" and "mega network" pattern. It can establish a working mechanism of "adapting to big operations, promoting big collaboration, and jointly building big data," and provide cross - border security technology services in the transport system using new informatization and digital technologies.By systematically building an integrated passenger information platform, operation information system, and emergency command system, passengers will get "digital identities." A unified passenger security big data base will be created, enabling cross-industry data interaction and sharing, and building a comprehensive perception security network. This will promote the cross border output and application of core technologies and management in high-speed rail, subway, railway stations, ports, and lay a solid security foundation for mutual security check recognition implementation.

二、推动安检互认的主要思路

2. Key Strategies for Fostering the Mutual Recognition of Security Inspections

安检互认作为空铁联运发展的关键因素，推动实施应满足以下条件，可畅通六大路径加快建设：

As a crucial driver for air-rail intermodal transport development, security inspection mutual recognition needs to satisfy certain conditions to ensure its implementation, which can unblock six major pathways and accelerate the overall process.

一是做好顶层设计，编制联程安检工作指引。由于航空和铁路长期分属不同的行政主管部门，各自自成体系，均有自己的法律法规和规划设计的技术规范，对多式联运发展造成许多机制体制的壁垒和技术障碍。【4】交通部应统筹做好顶层设计，组织各行业联合编制联程安检工作指引，明确安检责任、检查标准、查控目录、设施建设、新技术应用等内容，为推进安检互认提供操作指南。

First, focus on top-level design and develop guidelines for joint security inspections. Since aviation and railway have long been under separate administrative departments, each operates under separate systems with their own planning, design laws, regulations, and technical standards. This has led to institutional and technical barriers hindering multimodal transport development. [4] The Ministry of Communications should lead the top-level design, organizing relevant industries to jointly create joint security inspection guidelines. These guidelines should clarify security inspection responsibilities, set inspection standards, define inspection and control catalogues, address facility construction, and outline the application of new technologies, thus providing operational guidelines to promote security inspection mutual recognition.

二是明确安全主体，划清安全管理界面。在推进安检互认中至少涉及旅客两段以上的旅程，如果联运旅客通过一次安检但最终出现安全问题，如何明确安检的实施主体及界定安全责任归属问题，是社会各界最聚焦的问题之一。目前综合交通枢纽的安检分属不同主体，各自按照不同部门确定的管理职责和安检标准、要求落实各自责任，分段安检的责任是清晰的。但联运以后，如何明确安全主体责任及其管理界面（如风评估险、风险管控、应急处突等具体界面），需要立法部门统筹制定适用的新规则。

Second, clarify the safety management interface by defining the safety subject. Promoting mutual recognition of security inspections involves at least two passenger journeys. If passengers pass one security inspection but later have security issues, clarifying the security inspection's responsible party and liability is a key concern. Currently, security inspections at transport hubs are managed by different entities, each following their own department - defined responsibilities, standards, and requirements. Sectional security inspection responsibilities are clear. However, after intermodal transport, clarifying safety responsibilities and management interfaces (such as risk assessment, management, and emergency response) requires the legislative department to formulate new rules.

三是统一安检标准，为便捷换乘创造可能。将机场、铁路与城市轨道交通之间对旅客及行李等安检标准、禁限要求调整一致，是实施换乘互认的基础。民航、铁路、城市轨道交通均有各自的安检标准和规范，各自安检的培训体系不同、安检员资质要求不同，检查的标准和规范等级也不同，城市轨道交通安检启动时间较晚，各项安检制度尚不健全，各地执行政策略有差异，在全国尚未形成统一的安检执行标准。对于禁带物品目录也存在不小差异，导致各地安检要求不同。

Third, unify security inspection standards to facilitate smooth transfers. Harmonizing passenger and luggage security standards and prohibited items lists across airports, railways, and urban rail transit is essential for mutual recognition and seamless multimodal transport. Currently, each transport mode has distinct security protocols. Civil aviation, railways, and urban rail transit each have their own security inspection standards and training systems, with varying requirements for inspectors and inspection methods. Urban rail transit security inspections, being a relatively new field, have less - mature systems, with implementation policies varying regionally and no nationwide uniform standard yet. Additionally, there are significant differences in the catalogues of prohibited items, leading to inconsistent security requirements across regions.

在铁路与城市轨道交通安检互认方面，尽管城市轨道交通和铁路运行方式和安全性要求相似，两者间实施安检互认的难度不大，但目前各城市轨道交通安检目录主要由地方政府有关部门自行建立，内容各不相同。当前已实现铁路与城市轨道交通安检流程优化的枢纽，主要是通过城市政府有关部门与当地铁路管理部门采取“一事一议”的做法，修改轨道交通安检目录，共同签订合作协议的形式实现。在民航与轨道交通安检互认方面，目前民航与轨道交通对人及行李等物品的安检标准、安检目录及禁限物品等不一致，安全工作流程也不一样，如对进入机场的人员首先要进行防爆检查，轨道交通通常不进行防爆检查；机场禁止随身携带和托运额定能量超过160Wh的充电宝、锂电池，而轨道交通允许携带；对于符合要求的刀具，可以托运随行，但轨道交通严禁随身行李携带刀具乘车。民航与轨道交通之间安检标准不统一、禁限制要求不一致导致民航和轨道交通间推进安检互认困难较大。

When it comes to mutual recognition of security inspections between railways and urban rail transit, although their operational modes and safety requirements are similar, making mutual recognition seemingly feasible, challenges still exist. At present, urban rail transit security inspection catalogues are mostly self-established by local governments, leading to content differences. Now, the optimization of security inspection processes at railway-urban rail transit hubs is mainly achieved through the "case by case discussion" method by city government and local railway departments, revising the metro security inspection catalogue and signing cooperation agreements jointly. Regarding mutual recognition of security inspections between civil aviation and rail transit, current security inspection standards, catalogues, and prohibited items for people and luggage in civil aviation and rail transit are inconsistent, and safety workflows also differ. Airport entry requires prior explosion-proof checks, unlike rail transit. Airports ban carrying and checking charging treasures and lithium batteries over 160Wh, while rail transit permits them. Airport allows checked knives meeting requirements, but rail transit strictly forbids knives in carry-on luggage. These inconsistencies in security standards and prohibition requirements between civil aviation and rail transit hinder the promotion of mutual recognition of security inspections.

部分安检标准差异比较

Comparison of some security inspection standard differences

资料来源：交通运输部规划研究院关于旅客联程运输安检互认情况（会议材料）

Source: Mutual recognition of security inspection of intermodal passenger transport from the Ministry of Transport's Planning and Research Institute (meeting materials)

四是采取有效隔离，确保环境干净密闭。实施安全检查后，需要一个相对密闭的物理空间，对已检人员、物品与未检人员、物品进行隔离，防止传递违禁物品。2019年10月交通运输部印发《城市轨道交通客运组织与服务管理办法》，明确提出“与火车站、长途客运站、机场等相衔接的车站，提供的安检场地应为安检互认提供便利，以减少重复安检，提高通行效率和服务水平”。该办法虽然为安检互认提供了支持方向，但无相应强制性要求，仅是指导性的规定。【5】当前对于已建成枢纽或高铁，应由铁路、民航主管部门会同地方政府加快对具备条件的既有综合客运枢纽进行实体或柔性换乘通道的改造和建设。对于拟建枢纽或高铁，推进站场设置封闭、连续的联运旅客换乘通道，强化一体化规划、一体化设计、一体化建设。建立统一、连续、明晰的换乘导向标识系统，为减少多次安检提供设施条件。

Fourth, effective isolation is essential to maintain a clean, airtight environment post-security inspection. This involves a relatively closed physical space to separate inspected from uninspected people and items, preventing prohibited item transmission. In October 2019, the Ministry of Transport released the Urban Rail Transit Passenger Transport Organization and Service Measures, stating that security inspection sites in stations connected with transport hubs like railway stations and airports should facilitate mutual recognition to reduce repeated checks and enhance efficiency and service levels. Despite offering support, this guidance lacks mandatory requirements. Currently, for existing hubs or high-speed railways, railway and civil aviation authorities with local governments should quickly transform and construct physical or flexible transfer channels in qualified integrated passenger transport hubs. For planned hubs or high-speed rail, establish closed, continuous intermodal passenger transfer channels at stations and yards, and strengthen integrated planning, design, and construction. Develop a unified, continuous, and clear transfer guidance sign system to minimize multiple security checks.

五是加快新技术应用，为互认提供智能支持。积极探寻人工智能、智能生物识别、大数据、云计算、数字化、5G等先进技术应用与安检业务深度融合的路径，加快试点毫米波安全门、远程集中判图、WIFI嗅探装置、太赫兹人体安检仪等运用，构建“前端全面感知、中端快速安检、后端综合研判”的数字安检平台，【6】探索综合采用“电子围栏+人脸识别+全程监控”等科技智能手段，重点解决不具备实体设施改造的枢纽节点安检免检问题，为安检互认提供科技保障。

The fifth is to speed up the application of new technologies and provide intelligent support for mutual recognition. Actively explore the path of deep integration of advanced technology applications such as artificial intelligence, intelligent biometrics, big data, cloud computing, digitalization, and 5G with security inspection services, and accelerate the pilot of millimeter wave security doors, remote centralized image judgment, WIFI sniffing devices, and terahertz human body security inspection instruments. Build a digital security inspection platform with "comprehensive perception at the front end, rapid security inspection at the middle end, and comprehensive research and judgment at the back end". [6] Explore the comprehensive use of scientific and technological intelligent means such as "electronic fence + face recognition + full monitoring", focus on solving the problem of security inspection exemption at hub nodes that do not have physical facilities transformation, and provide scientific and technological guarantee for mutual recognition of security inspection.

六是推动安检前置，创新联程运输模式。充分发挥新技术的科技动能，打造前置安检，鼓励发展“行李直挂”、“徒手旅行”等联程服务产品，优化异地候机楼、城市轨道交通值机点运营模式，实现“到高铁站即到机场”的人性服务，为更大范围、更高质量提升旅客出行体验创造条件【7】。

Sixth, advance security inspections and innovate joint transport models. Leverage new technology to introduce pre-security checks. Promote connecting services like "direct baggage transfer" and "hands-free travel." Optimize off-site terminal and urban rail transit check-in operations to realize "arrive at the airport, check through to the high-speed rail station," enhancing passenger experience.

三、推动安检互认的对策建议

3. Strategies and recommendations for advancing the mutual recognition of security inspections

（一）寻求政策上的突破，争取各方支持

(1) Strive for policy innovation and garner support from all stakeholders

一是交通部门需转变思维，从服务国家战略发展角度出发，用全局思维、大局思维、战略思维和高屋建瓴的眼光看待空铁联运建设。建议交通部成立专项政策工作小组（或以项目制形式推进），打破各行业狭隘的“本位利益”思想限制，统筹组织发改委、铁路、民航、公安等部门以及地方人民政府形成共识，合力推进。首先，欧洲空铁联运之所以能够成功推行，其中一个重要原因是铁路和民航运输企业实现了深度合作。如德国空铁联运服务的经营主体AIRail Service由汉莎航空股份公司、德国铁路公司和法兰克福国际机场三家企业合资组成【8】。当前我国空铁联运只是简单合作，从市场长远获益角度看，空铁联运对航空市场更受益，对高铁市场获益不明显，这是在联运过程中，航空公司会主动牵头，铁路部门进行简单配合的深层次原因，建议交通部做好顶层设计，解决因行业利益分割造成主观能动性不足的根本原因。其次，因顶层设计没有统筹设置明确的运营主体，双方都没有把空铁联运作为核心或关键业务，导致其市场份额及影响力一直停滞不前。建立由航空公司、铁路、机场管理部门共同出资组成的运营实体是空铁联运进一步发展的关键因素，也是建设空铁联运信息系统、完善空铁联运服务的基础。空铁联运实体应共同承担各项业务的职责，通过完备的联运服务和市场营销不断扩大市场，实现航空、铁路、社会、旅客的多赢。【8】

First, the transport department should shift its mindset and view air - rail intermodal transport from a national strategic development perspective, employing holistic, integrated, and strategic thinking. It is recommended that the Ministry of Communications establish a dedicated policy task force (or promote it via a project-based approach). This task force should break through the narrow "standard-interest" mindset across industries and coordinate the National Development and Reform Commission, railway and civil aviation authorities, public security departments, and local governments to form a consensus and work collectively. One key to Europe's successful air-rail intermodal transport implementation is the deep cooperation between railway and civil aviation enterprises. For instance, AIRail Service, which operates Germany's air-rail intermodal service, is a joint venture of Lufthansa AG, Deutsche Bahn AG, and Frankfurt International Airport [8]. Currently, China's air-rail intermodal transport is only a simple cooperation. From a long term market benefit perspective, it favors the aviation market more than the high-speed rail market. This is why airlines take the initiative while railway departments merely cooperate in the intermodal process. The Ministry of Communications should handle the top-level design to address the root cause of the lack of initiative due to industry interest divisions. Moreover, the absence of a clear overall operating entity in the top-level design means neither party considers air-rail intermodal transport a core business, leading to stagnant market share and influence. Establishing a jointly funded operating entity by airlines, railways, and airport management departments is crucial for the development of air-rail intermodal transport. It is also the foundation for building the information system and enhancing services. This entity should shoulder various business responsibilities, expand the market through comprehensive intermodal services and marketing, and achieve a win-win situation for aviation, railways, society, and passengers. [8]

二是建议交通部组织铁路、民航、地方政府共同研究确定拟支持的安检互认重点区域及重点项目清单。

Second, it is recommended that the Ministry of Communications organize joint research with railways, civil aviation, and local governments to determine the list of key areas and projects for security inspection mutual recognition that require support.

三是建议交通部组织双方加强开展调研，便于研究制定安检互认试点示范的专项工作方案，重点明确试点内容、重点任务及支持政策等【7】。

Third, it is recommended that the Ministry of Communications organize relevant parties to conduct in-depth research. This will facilitate the development of a specialized work plan for the pilot demonstration of security inspection mutual recognition, with a focus on clarifying pilot content, key tasks, and supporting policies [7].

（二）寻求机制体制上的突破，实现共建共享

(2) Seek for breakthroughs in mechanisms and systems to realize joint construction and resource sharing

建议交通部成立专项机制工作小组（或以项目制形式推进），组织铁路、民航、公安等部门共同建设旅客信息共享平台和运营信息系统，构建“大协同”工作机制，发挥出“大运行”的作用。

It is recommended that the Ministry of Communications establish a dedicated mechanism task force (or promote it via a project-based approach). It should organize railway, civil aviation, public security, and other departments to jointly develop a passenger information sharing platform and operational information system. This will create a "big collaboration" mechanism and achieve "integrated operation".

尽管当前将机场、高铁、地铁、长途汽车等已有的运营信息系统整合在一起，难度非常大，因为各系统不仅是由不同的部门管辖，而且他们还有各自不同的法律和技术规范。在南非，全国民航机场用的是同一套信息系统。建议由交通部统筹打破跨行业壁垒，推动信息一体化建设。目前，虹桥综合交通枢纽是将各种交通方式的运营信息（时刻表）显示在同一块屏幕上，方便旅客选择所需要的交通方式和班次。并在这个运营平台上纳入日常管理以及灾害报警系统，进一步整合各种交通方式的运营指挥，逐步建立虹桥综合交通枢纽的运营指挥系统和应急救援系统，最终与上海市的应急救援指挥系统对接。【9】

Although integrating existing operational information systems such as airports, high-speed rail, metros, and coaches is currently very difficult, this is because each system is not only under different departmental jurisdictions but also has different laws and technical specifications. In South Africa, national civil aviation airports use a unified information system. It is suggested that the Ministry of Communications should make overall plans to break down cross-industry barriers and promote information integration. At present, Hongqiao Integrated Transport Hub displays the operational information (timetables) of various transport modes on the same screen, which is convenient for passengers to choose their required transport modes and shifts. On this operational platform, daily management and disaster alarm systems are incorporated, the operational command of various transport modes is further integrated, and the operational command system and emergency rescue system of Hongqiao Integrated Transport Hub are gradually established, and finally connected with Shanghai's emergency rescue command system. [9]

（三）寻求分步试点突破，逐步实现一体化联运

(3) Pursue incremental pilot breakthroughs to progressively achieve integrated intermodal transport.

在跨行业间打通壁垒，促进国家政策突破，是一个需要时间逐步攻破的过程。建议空铁联运建设分步推进，围绕“旅客行李”联运划分为两个阶段：

Promoting cross-industry integration and national policy innovation is a gradual process. It is recommended that air-rail intermodal transport development be advanced stepwise, with "passenger baggage" intermodal transport divided into two phases:

第一步，在条件成熟的高铁站试点托运行李联运。对于“高铁+航空”的联程旅客，旅客进入高铁站，接受前置安全检查（含防爆检查），将行李交付集散点（或由第三服务方直接在站台收集联运旅客行李），由集散点负责行李运输及安检。旅客办理托运行李后，与托运行李不再接触。然后乘坐航空代码共享的高铁专列。托运行李统一由机场大巴（或第三服务方及其他运输形式）运输（全程接受监控）到机场后，可在机场后台过检一次，这既不影响旅客体验，也强化了试点期间安全风险防控，再进入航空器。由于航空的安检标准要高于铁路，对于“航空+高铁”的联程旅客，旅客降落机场后，机场将联程旅客的行李直接运往高铁车站的行李集散点，行李无须在车站再次接受安检。旅客到达高铁车站后只需自取行李、直接乘车，减少旅客多次行李搬运及安检的麻烦。【8】

First, trial-run checked baggage intermodal transport at high-speed rail stations with mature conditions. For "high-speed rail + air" connecting passengers, after entering the station and passing pre-security checks (including explosion - proof checks), they hand over their luggage to a collection point (or a third-party service collects it directly on the platform). The collection point handles baggage transport and security checks. Post-baggage-check passengers no longer contact their checked luggage, then board code-shared flights via high-speed trains. Baggage is transported to the airport by airport shuttle (or other forms) and checked once in the airport background, enhancing security risk prevention without affecting passenger experience. Given aviation's higher security standards than railways, for "air + high - speed rail" connecting passengers, upon landing, the airport transports connecting passengers' luggage directly to the high-speed rail station's baggage distribution point, eliminating the need for re-check at the station. Upon arrival at the high-speed rail station, passengers simply collect their luggage and board the bus, reducing the hassle of multiple luggage handling and security checks.

在托运行李互认这个环节，托运行李的航空检查规则重点是爆炸物，高铁检查规则的重点是刀具。类似生活中常见的充电宝、锂电池、火种、刀具，可统一调整标准，全程不允许托运。

In checked baggage mutual recognition, aviation focuses on explosives, while high-speed rail focuses on knives. For items like charging treasures, lithium batteries, ignition sources, and knives, standards can be uniformly adjusted, prohibiting consignment throughout the journey.

第二步，试点旅客和随身行李联运的单向互认。目前旅客随身行李的航空安检规则和高铁安检规则差异化较大，安检标准一时难以统一，需要交通部对互认标准进行统筹统一制定，才利于落地执行。考虑换乘的特点及对安全性的要求，在对其安检互认安全风险评估后，按照“就高不就低”的原则，可先推动铁路认可民航安检结果，进行单向安检互认，最大化为旅客出行提供便利。

Second, trial-run one-way mutual recognition of passenger and carry-on baggage intermodal transport. Currently, aviation and high - speed rail carry-on baggage security inspection rules are quite different, and unifying security inspection standards in the short term is difficult. The Ministry of Communications needs to make overall and unified formulation of mutual - recognition standards to facilitate implementation. Considering the transfer characteristics and safety requirements, after assessing the safety risk of mutual recognition of security inspection, according to the principle of "high is not low", we can first promote the railway recognition of civil aviation security inspection results, and carry out one - way mutual recognition of security inspection, so as to maximize the convenience of passengers' travel.

第三步，试点旅客和随身行李联运的双向互认。待政策、机制、标准等条件成熟，旅客一进高铁站，在前置安检点接受安全检查（含防爆检查）后，乘坐航空代码共享的高铁专列下车后，通过机场转运大巴（高铁未连入航站楼）抵达航站楼或通过专用通道直接步行进行航站楼（高铁连入航站楼），经过专用安检通道进入隔离区（免于再次安检），然后登机。推动空铁联运双向安检互认后，可以此为突破口，逐步在多式联运中扩大查验结果互认范围。 （作者：林薇薇 民航智库专家）

Third, trial-run two-way mutual recognition of passenger and carry-on baggage intermodal transport. When policies, mechanisms, standards, etc. mature, passengers entering the high-speed rail station will undergo security checks (including explosion-proof checks) at the front security checkpoint, board the aviation code-shared high-speed train, arrive at the terminal via airport shuttle (if the high-speed rail isn't directly connected) or walk directly to the terminal through a dedicated channel (if connected), enter the restricted area through a dedicated security channel (no re-check needed), and then board the plane. After promoting two-way security inspection mutual recognition in air-rail intermodal transport, this can be a breakthrough to gradually expand the scope of inspection result mutual recognition in multimodal transport. (Author: Lin Weiwei Civil Aviation Think Tank Expert)

参考文献

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